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572711cff1498d1400e8f30d | What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes? | Glass | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Pl... |
572711cff1498d1400e8f30e | What is another type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes? | mica capacitors | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Pl... |
5727133cdd62a815002e98bc | What is one type of metal which the conducting plates in electrolytic capacitors are commonly made of? | aluminum | [
"Capacitor\n\nElectrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of... |
5727133cdd62a815002e98bd | What type of dielectric layer is used in electrolytic capacitors? | an oxide dielectric layer | [
"Capacitor\n\nElectrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of... |
5727133cdd62a815002e98be | What happens to the conductivity of the electrolyte at low temperatures? | drops at low temperatures | [
"Capacitor\n\nElectrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of... |
5727133cdd62a815002e98bf | How can electrolytic capacitors be safely used after having been stored unused for a long time? | by gradually applying the operating voltage | [
"Capacitor\n\nElectrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of... |
5727133cdd62a815002e98c0 | Why might the method gradually applying the operating voltage not be suitable to protect electrolytic capacitors in modern devices? | these produce full output voltage even with reduced input | [
"Capacitor\n\nElectrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of... |
57271452f1498d1400e8f34c | What is the main feature of a supercapacitor? | Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used ... |
57271452f1498d1400e8f34d | What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may be constructed? | carbon nanotubes | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used ... |
57271452f1498d1400e8f34e | As of 2010, what is the highest capacitance a supercapacitor has achieved? | up to 5 kF | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used ... |
57271452f1498d1400e8f34f | What type of capacitor is commonly used in electric motor circuits? | Alternating current capacitors | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used ... |
57271452f1498d1400e8f350 | How many times the maximum AC voltage are AC capacitors designed to withstand? | at least five times the maximum AC voltage | [
"Capacitor\n\nSeveral other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used ... |
572715c2708984140094d989 | Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage? | driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly | [
"Capacitor\n\nIf a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantl... |
572715c2708984140094d98a | What type of dipoles which add to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly if a rapidly changing time varying voltage is driving the capacitor? | the internal microscopic dipoles | [
"Capacitor\n\nIf a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantl... |
572715c2708984140094d98b | What is it called when a dielectric constant changes with frequency? | dielectric dispersion | [
"Capacitor\n\nIf a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantl... |
572715c2708984140094d98c | What regulates dielectric dispersion? | dielectric relaxation processes | [
"Capacitor\n\nIf a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantl... |
572715c2708984140094d98d | What is an example of a dielectric relaxation process? | Debye relaxation | [
"Capacitor\n\nIf a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantl... |
572717315951b619008f85bd | How is the complex impedance with dielectric represented mathematically? | Z(ω) | [
"Capacitor\n\nwhere a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement \"without the dielectr... |
572717315951b619008f85be | How is the complex capacitance without dielectric represented mathematically? | C0 | [
"Capacitor\n\nwhere a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement \"without the dielectr... |
572717315951b619008f85bf | Why is the value of C0 unattainable in reality? | even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior | [
"Capacitor\n\nwhere a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement \"without the dielectr... |
572717315951b619008f85c0 | Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes? | in terrestrial vacuum | [
"Capacitor\n\nwhere a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement \"without the dielectr... |
572717315951b619008f85c1 | How is the complex capacitance mathematically represented with the dielectric present? | Ccmplx(ω) | [
"Capacitor\n\nwhere a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement \"without the dielectr... |
57271883dd62a815002e98ec | What order of magnitude of capacitance is suitable for capacitors comprised of ceramic disks with metallic coatings? | microfarads and less | [
"Capacitor\n\nThe arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be made by multiple stacks of plates and... |
57271883dd62a815002e98ed | How are larger value capacitors often constructed? | multiple stacks of plates and disks | [
"Capacitor\n\nThe arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be made by multiple stacks of plates and... |
57271883dd62a815002e98ee | What do larger value capacitors often use as the dielectric medium? | impregnated paper or plastic – these are rolled up to save space | [
"Capacitor\n\nThe arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be made by multiple stacks of plates and... |
57271883dd62a815002e98ef | Why are the plates and dielectrics often staggered in larger value capacitors? | To reduce the series resistance and inductance | [
"Capacitor\n\nThe arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be made by multiple stacks of plates and... |
57271883dd62a815002e98f0 | How are the conductive plates often made for larger value capacitors? | metal film layer deposited on the surface of a dielectric film | [
"Capacitor\n\nThe arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be made by multiple stacks of plates and... |
572719a45951b619008f85f7 | What is one type of configuration in which a capacitor may have its connecting leads organized? | axially | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. \"Axial\" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred... |
572719a45951b619008f85f8 | What is another type of configuration in which a capacitor may have its connecting leads arranged? | radially | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. \"Axial\" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred... |
572719a45951b619008f85f9 | Which type of configuration is often manufactured with the leads parallel to the body of the capacitor? | Radial | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. \"Axial\" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred... |
572719a45951b619008f85fa | How are the leads of an axially configured capacitor arranged? | on a common axis | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. \"Axial\" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred... |
572719a45951b619008f85fb | How could radial leads be more correctly described? | as tandem | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. \"Axial\" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred... |
57271a90dd62a815002e990c | Since when have inexpensive ceramic disc capacitors existed? | the 1930s | [
"Capacitor\n\nSmall, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of pr... |
57271a90dd62a815002e990d | Since when have surface mount packages for capacitors been commonly in use? | the 1980s | [
"Capacitor\n\nSmall, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of pr... |
57271a90dd62a815002e990e | What do surface mount packages lack that allows their use on the surface of printed circuit boards? | connecting leads | [
"Capacitor\n\nSmall, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of pr... |
57271a90dd62a815002e990f | What is one benefit of using surface mount components? | simplify automated assembly | [
"Capacitor\n\nSmall, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of pr... |
57271a90dd62a815002e9910 | What is one difficulty when using surface mount components? | manual handling is made difficult due to their small size | [
"Capacitor\n\nSmall, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of pr... |
57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b0 | What do mechanically controlled variable capacitors enable to be modified? | the plate spacing | [
"Capacitor\n\nMechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electric... |
57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b1 | How do cheap variable capacitors vary the separation distance between layers of a plastic and aluminum? | with a screw | [
"Capacitor\n\nMechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electric... |
57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b2 | Of what type of diodes are varactors or varicaps comprised? | reverse-biased semiconductor diodes | [
"Capacitor\n\nMechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electric... |
57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b3 | What varies as a function of voltage in varactors? | depletion region | [
"Capacitor\n\nMechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electric... |
57271bd3f1498d1400e8f3b4 | What is an application of varactors? | phase-locked loops | [
"Capacitor\n\nMechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electric... |
57271d8b708984140094d9fb | How do larger capacitors present their electrical characteristics? | display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF) | [
"Capacitor\n\nMost capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three nu... |
57271d8b708984140094d9fc | What does the abbreviated electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors consist of? | three numeric digits and a letter | [
"Capacitor\n\nMost capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three nu... |
57271d8b708984140094d9fd | What part of the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors do the digits of the abbreviated notation represent ? | the digits indicate the capacitance | [
"Capacitor\n\nMost capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three nu... |
57271d8b708984140094d9fe | What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent? | the letter indicates the tolerance | [
"Capacitor\n\nMost capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three nu... |
57271d8b708984140094d9ff | In what SI unit is the capacitance reported on smaller capacitors? | in pF | [
"Capacitor\n\nMost capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three nu... |
57271f0a708984140094da0f | Why are capacitors connected in parallel with the power circuits of many devices and large systems? | to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a \"clean\" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, ... |
57271f0a708984140094da10 | How do the capacitors connected in parallel act with currents from the power supply? | as a local reserve for the DC power source | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a \"clean\" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, ... |
57271f0a708984140094da11 | What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes? | the inductance | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a \"clean\" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, ... |
57271f0a708984140094da12 | What is another value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes? | resistance | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a \"clean\" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, ... |
57271f0a708984140094da13 | What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "clean" power for control circuits? | conceal current fluctuations | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a \"clean\" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, ... |
57272081708984140094da2b | In what scenario are capacitors used for power factor correction? | In electric power distribution | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var). The purpose is... |
57272081708984140094da2c | How are capacitors used for for power factor correction prepared? | as three capacitors connected as a three phase load | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var). The purpose is... |
57272081708984140094da2d | In what what unit is the capacitance reported for capacitors used in power factor correction? | reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var) | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var). The purpose is... |
57272081708984140094da2e | What is the reason for using capacitors in power factor correction? | to counteract inductive loading | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var). The purpose is... |
57272081708984140094da2f | How are power factor correction capacitors sometimes installed? | at a load center within a building | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var). The purpose is... |
572721a4708984140094da49 | What happens to the current when an inductive circuit is opened? | the current through the inductance collapses quickly | [
"Capacitor\n\nWhen an inductive circuit is opened, the current through the inductance collapses quickly, creating a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch or relay. If the inductance is large enough, the energy will generate a spark, causing the contact points to oxidize, deteriorate, or sometimes weld... |
572721a4708984140094da4a | What happens to the voltage when an inductive circuit is opened? | a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch | [
"Capacitor\n\nWhen an inductive circuit is opened, the current through the inductance collapses quickly, creating a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch or relay. If the inductance is large enough, the energy will generate a spark, causing the contact points to oxidize, deteriorate, or sometimes weld... |
572721a4708984140094da4b | What type of capacitor is used to make a path to bypass the contact points? | A snubber capacitor | [
"Capacitor\n\nWhen an inductive circuit is opened, the current through the inductance collapses quickly, creating a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch or relay. If the inductance is large enough, the energy will generate a spark, causing the contact points to oxidize, deteriorate, or sometimes weld... |
572721a4708984140094da4c | What is a typical system in which a snubber capacitor is found? | contact breaker ignition systems | [
"Capacitor\n\nWhen an inductive circuit is opened, the current through the inductance collapses quickly, creating a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch or relay. If the inductance is large enough, the energy will generate a spark, causing the contact points to oxidize, deteriorate, or sometimes weld... |
572721a4708984140094da4d | What type of capacitor absorbs radio frequency interference? | a filter capacitor | [
"Capacitor\n\nWhen an inductive circuit is opened, the current through the inductance collapses quickly, creating a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch or relay. If the inductance is large enough, the energy will generate a spark, causing the contact points to oxidize, deteriorate, or sometimes weld... |
572722c0708984140094da53 | What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding? | a rotational motion on the rotor | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary \"start\" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the s... |
572722c0708984140094da54 | What sort of capacitors are used on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor? | series non-polarized starting capacitor | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary \"start\" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the s... |
572722c0708984140094da55 | What does the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do? | introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary \"start\" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the s... |
572722c0708984140094da56 | What does the centrifugal switch do the capacitor when the rotor achieves operating speed? | disconnects the capacitor | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary \"start\" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the s... |
572722c0708984140094da57 | Where is the start capacitor commonly mounted? | to the side of the motor housing | [
"Capacitor\n\nIn single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary \"start\" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the s... |
572723b8dd62a815002e9954 | How much energy could a capacitor in a disposable camera contain? | over 15 joules of energy | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capa... |
572723b8dd62a815002e9955 | To what voltage could a capacitor from a disposable camera be charged to? | over 300 volts | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capa... |
572723b8dd62a815002e9956 | What device can be used to discharge large voltage capacitors? | a Brinkley stick | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capa... |
572723b8dd62a815002e9957 | How are the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored? | with the terminals shorted | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capa... |
572723b8dd62a815002e9958 | What type of charge could a capacitor pick up a transient charge from? | from static charges | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capa... |
5727247c5951b619008f8669 | What could cause the failure of a capacitor? | when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capa... |
5727247c5951b619008f866a | What can happen to capacitors used in high current applications? | overheat | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capa... |
5727247c5951b619008f866b | What can happen to capacitors used in high energy capacitor banks? | violently explode | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capa... |
5727247c5951b619008f866c | What type of capacitors can generate soft x-rays? | High voltage vacuum capacitors | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capa... |
5727247c5951b619008f866d | What is one way to help minimize capacitor dangers? | preventive maintenance | [
"Capacitor\n\nCapacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capa... |
5726eab6f1498d1400e8efcc | What are natural and social sciences a subcategory of? | The history of science | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical kno... |
5726eab6f1498d1400e8efcd | What is the history of arts and humanities called? | the history of scholarship | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical kno... |
5726eab6f1498d1400e8efce | What kind of phenomena does science study? | real world | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical kno... |
5726eab6f1498d1400e8efcf | Intellectual history and social history are used in what? | Historiography of science | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical kno... |
5726ebefdd62a815002e9550 | Who coined the word "scientist"? | William Whewell | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, ... |
5726ebefdd62a815002e9551 | When was the word "scientist" created? | 19th century | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, ... |
5726ebefdd62a815002e9552 | What are people who study nature called? | natural philosophers | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, ... |
5726ebefdd62a815002e9553 | Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon were scientists in which time period? | the Middle Ages | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, ... |
5726ebefdd62a815002e9554 | When was the beginning of modern science considered to be? | the scientific revolution | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, ... |
5726ee62dd62a815002e9582 | What replaced false beliefs? | true theories | [
"History_of_science\n\nFrom the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs. More recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend... |
5726ee62dd62a815002e9583 | Who depicts the history of science in a wider matrix? | Thomas Kuhn | [
"History_of_science\n\nFrom the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs. More recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend... |
5726ee62dd62a815002e9584 | What time period did the history of science begin to take a progressive narrative? | the 18th century | [
"History_of_science\n\nFrom the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs. More recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend... |
5726ee62dd62a815002e9585 | Thomas Kuhn used conceptual systems and what other term to define the history of science? | competing paradigms | [
"History_of_science\n\nFrom the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs. More recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend... |
5726f0765951b619008f82db | The advancement of agriculture made what possible? | a surplus of food | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe development of writing enabled knowledge to be stored and communicated across generations with much greater fidelity. Combined with the development of agriculture, which allowed for a surplus of food, it became possible for early civilizations to develop, because more time and effort coul... |
5726f0765951b619008f82dc | Having a surplus of food allowed farmers and hunter-gatherers to spend less time working on what? | food production | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe development of writing enabled knowledge to be stored and communicated across generations with much greater fidelity. Combined with the development of agriculture, which allowed for a surplus of food, it became possible for early civilizations to develop, because more time and effort coul... |
5726f0765951b619008f82dd | Before agriculture advancements, what were farmers having to do? | work towards bare survival | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe development of writing enabled knowledge to be stored and communicated across generations with much greater fidelity. Combined with the development of agriculture, which allowed for a surplus of food, it became possible for early civilizations to develop, because more time and effort coul... |
5726f0765951b619008f82de | What advancement aided in spreading knowledge across generations? | The development of writing | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe development of writing enabled knowledge to be stored and communicated across generations with much greater fidelity. Combined with the development of agriculture, which allowed for a surplus of food, it became possible for early civilizations to develop, because more time and effort coul... |
5726f0765951b619008f82df | Who was able to support the people who were adding to the written knowledge of nature? | community | [
"History_of_science\n\nThe development of writing enabled knowledge to be stored and communicated across generations with much greater fidelity. Combined with the development of agriculture, which allowed for a surplus of food, it became possible for early civilizations to develop, because more time and effort coul... |
5726f1c9f1498d1400e8f0a8 | Which civilization advanced in astronomy, mathematics, and medicine? | Ancient Egypt | [
"History_of_science\n\nAncient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thum... |
5726f1c9f1498d1400e8f0a9 | What did Egyptians use to better organize their farmland? | geometry | [
"History_of_science\n\nAncient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thum... |
5726f1c9f1498d1400e8f0aa | What theory did the Egyptians use to build rectilinear structures? | The 3-4-5 right triangle | [
"History_of_science\n\nAncient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thum... |
5726f1c9f1498d1400e8f0ab | What research was Egypt known for? | alchemy | [
"History_of_science\n\nAncient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thum... |
5726f1c9f1498d1400e8f0ac | What is the name of the earliest medical document? | The Edwin Smith papyrus | [
"History_of_science\n\nAncient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thum... |
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