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56d2706859d6e41400145fde | The earliest Mahayana sutras included the very first versions of what series? | Prajñāpāramitā | [
"Buddhism\n\nMuch of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have trad... |
56d2706859d6e41400145fdf | Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were probably composed in what century BCE? | 1st | [
"Buddhism\n\nMuch of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have trad... |
56d2726659d6e41400145ff8 | What four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism? | Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic | [
"Buddhism\n\nDuring the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, ... |
56d2726659d6e41400145ff9 | What was the latest thought type? | Buddhist Logic | [
"Buddhism\n\nDuring the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, ... |
56d2726659d6e41400145ffa | In India the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were Madhyamaka and what else? | Yogacara | [
"Buddhism\n\nDuring the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, ... |
56d2733d59d6e41400146000 | Buddhism may have spread quickly because of what Mauryan emperor? | Ashoka | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarge... |
56d2733d59d6e41400146001 | The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more? | stūpas | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarge... |
56d2733d59d6e41400146002 | What does stupas mean in English? | Buddhist religious memorials | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarge... |
56d273d059d6e41400146006 | Emissaries were sent to various countries to what direct from India? | west | [
"Buddhism\n\nThis period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the... |
56d273d059d6e41400146007 | Scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist what? | missionaries | [
"Buddhism\n\nThis period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the... |
56d273d059d6e41400146008 | What were the emissaries used for? | to spread Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nThis period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the... |
56d2779759d6e4140014601a | The gradual spread of Buddhism exposed it to a variety of influences including what civilization? | Persian and Greek | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe gradual spread of Buddhism into adjacent areas meant that it came into contact with new ethnical groups. During this period Buddhism was exposed to a variety of influences, from Persian and Greek civilization, to changing trends in non-Buddhist Indian religions—themselves influenced by Buddhism. St... |
56d2779759d6e4140014601c | Who was the Greek king immortalized in Buddhist canon? | Menander | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe gradual spread of Buddhism into adjacent areas meant that it came into contact with new ethnical groups. During this period Buddhism was exposed to a variety of influences, from Persian and Greek civilization, to changing trends in non-Buddhist Indian religions—themselves influenced by Buddhism. St... |
56d277f759d6e41400146020 | The Theravada school spread south from india in what century BCE? | 3rd century | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand and Burma and later also Indonesia. The Dharmagupta school spread (also in 3rd century BCE) north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria (Afghanistan)."
] |
56d277f759d6e41400146021 | The Dharmagupta schol spread in what century to Kashmir? | 3rd century | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand and Burma and later also Indonesia. The Dharmagupta school spread (also in 3rd century BCE) north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria (Afghanistan)."
] |
56d2786c59d6e41400146025 | When was the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? | 2nd century CE | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably... |
56d278ee59d6e41400146028 | Mahayana Sutras spread to China during what century? | 2nd century CE | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia."
] |
56d278ee59d6e41400146029 | What two countries after China was the Mahayana sutras spread? | Korea and Japan | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia."
] |
56d278ee59d6e4140014602a | When did Buddhism apread from India to Tibet? | 8th century onwards | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia."
] |
56d28a5d59d6e41400146055 | China and India are now starting to fund what type of shrines in various Asian countries? | Buddhist | [
"Buddhism\n\nBy the late Middle Ages, Buddhism had become virtually extinct in India, although it continued to exist in surrounding countries. It is now again gaining strength worldwide. China and India are now starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries as they compete for influence in the region.... |
56d28b0659d6e41400146063 | What is the Dharma? | the teachings of the Buddha | [
"Buddhism\n\nFormal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the te... |
56d28b0659d6e41400146064 | What is the Sangha? | the Buddhist community | [
"Buddhism\n\nFormal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the te... |
56d28b0659d6e41400146065 | West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and what? | progressive | [
"Buddhism\n\nFormal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the te... |
56d28b0659d6e41400146066 | New forms of Buddhism are created because of what reason? | Modern influences | [
"Buddhism\n\nFormal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the te... |
56d28b6559d6e4140014606c | When did a number of modern movement in Buddhism emerge? | second half of the 20th Century | [
"Buddhism\n\nA number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions."
] |
56d28b6559d6e4140014606d | What is the Dalit buddhist movement sometimes called? | neo-Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nA number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions."
] |
56d28bf559d6e4140014607a | What Buddhism emerged in the second half of the 20th century in Japan? | Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently d... |
56d28bf559d6e4140014607b | What does Soka Gakkai mean in English? | Value Creation Society | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently d... |
56d28bf559d6e4140014607c | What Buddhist movement has linked more than 12 million people? | Soka Gakkai International | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently d... |
56d28bf559d6e4140014607d | What is the largest Buddhist movement in the world? | SGI | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently d... |
56d28c4259d6e41400146082 | What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 to 535 million people? | Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhism is practiced by an estimated 488 million,[web 1] 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population."
] |
56d28c9259d6e41400146086 | What country has the largest population of Buddhists? | China | [
"Buddhism\n\nChina is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by ... |
56d28c9259d6e41400146087 | How many Buddhists are in China? | 244 million | [
"Buddhism\n\nChina is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by ... |
56d28ce759d6e41400146092 | How may adherents does Mahayana have? | 360 million | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia."
] |
56d28ce759d6e41400146093 | How many adherents does Thervada have? | 150 million | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia."
] |
56d28ce759d6e41400146095 | How many Buddists are outside of Asia? | Seven million | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia."
] |
56d28d3d59d6e4140014609a | How many Buddhists were there in 1910? | 138 million | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and sever... |
56d28d3d59d6e4140014609b | How many Buddhists are there in 2010? | 495 million | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and sever... |
56d28d3d59d6e4140014609c | How many buddhists are in Asia? | 487 million | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and sever... |
56d28e7059d6e414001460a8 | What does Hinayana mean in English? | lesser vehicle | [
"Buddhism\n\nSome scholars[note 44] use other schemes. Buddhists themselves have a variety of other schemes. Hinayana (literally \"lesser vehicle\") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in... |
56d28e7059d6e414001460a9 | What is used by Mahayana followers to name the early schools? | Hinayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nSome scholars[note 44] use other schemes. Buddhists themselves have a variety of other schemes. Hinayana (literally \"lesser vehicle\") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in... |
56d28ecf59d6e414001460b2 | Each tradition has its own core what? | concepts | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts ... |
56d28ecf59d6e414001460b3 | there are common concepts to both major buddhist branches according to what organization? | Buddhist ecumenical organization | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts ... |
56d28f5159d6e414001460b7 | What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? | Theravada | [
"Buddhism\n\nTheravada (\"Doctrine of the Elders\", or \"Ancient Doctrine\") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim de... |
56d28f5159d6e414001460b8 | Where does the name theravada come from? | ancestral Sthāvirīya | [
"Buddhism\n\nTheravada (\"Doctrine of the Elders\", or \"Ancient Doctrine\") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim de... |
56d28f5159d6e414001460b9 | Sinhalese buddhist reformer portrayed what Canon as the original version of scripture? | Pali Canon | [
"Buddhism\n\nTheravada (\"Doctrine of the Elders\", or \"Ancient Doctrine\") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim de... |
56d291c759d6e414001460be | Where is there a growing presence of Theravada? | the west | [
"Buddhism\n\nTheravāda is primarily practiced today in Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia as well as small portions of China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Bangladesh. It has a growing presence in the west."
] |
56d2924159d6e414001460c2 | What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? | Theravadin | [
"Buddhism\n\nTheravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit."
] |
56d2924159d6e414001460c4 | Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what? | merit | [
"Buddhism\n\nTheravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit."
] |
56d2929e59d6e414001460c9 | What was the most important Mahayana centre of learning? | Nālandā University | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana Buddhism flourished in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas. Mahāyāna centres of learning were established, the most important one being the Nālandā University in north-eastern India."
] |
56d293b759d6e414001460cc | Mahayana schools recognize all or part of what? | Mahayana Sutras | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the late... |
56d293b759d6e414001460cd | A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who? | the Buddha | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the late... |
56d293b759d6e414001460ce | Faith in and veneration of Mahayana are stated in what sutras? | Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the late... |
56d2946f59d6e414001460d2 | Native Mahayana buddhism is also called what? | Eastern Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nNative Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as \"Eastern Buddhism\"). The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the headi... |
56d2946f59d6e414001460d3 | The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions and Mongolia are often referred to as? | Northern Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nNative Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as \"Eastern Buddhism\"). The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the headi... |
56d2946f59d6e414001460d4 | What is the most widely practised Eastern Buddhism? | the Pure Land school of Mahayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nNative Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as \"Eastern Buddhism\"). The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the headi... |
56d2955559d6e414001460e2 | The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what? | Saivism | [
"Buddhism\n\nVarious classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists sin... |
56d2955559d6e414001460e3 | Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who? | Buddhists | [
"Buddhism\n\nVarious classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists sin... |
56d2955559d6e414001460e4 | What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition? | The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra | [
"Buddhism\n\nVarious classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists sin... |
56d295de59d6e414001460e8 | There is a great variety of what type of scripture? | Buddhist | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly wri... |
56d295de59d6e414001460e9 | Some schools venerate certain texts as religious what? | objects | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly wri... |
56d296f259d6e414001460f8 | Unlike most religions, Buddhism has no single central what? | text | [
"Buddhism\n\nUnlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered mis... |
56d296f259d6e414001460fa | Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what? | āgamas | [
"Buddhism\n\nUnlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered mis... |
56d296f259d6e414001460fb | Some scholars say there is no universally accepted common what? | core | [
"Buddhism\n\nUnlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered mis... |
56d296f259d6e414001460fc | What has been seen by some as a hinderance to understanding Buddhist philosophy? | size and complexity of the Buddhist canons | [
"Buddhism\n\nUnlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered mis... |
56d2981a59d6e41400146112 | In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture? | Dhammapada | [
"Buddhism\n\nOver the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by ... |
56d2981a59d6e41400146113 | There have been attempts to create a single text with all the main ideas of what religion? | Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nOver the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by ... |
56d2981a59d6e41400146114 | condensed study texts where created in what tradition? | Theravada | [
"Buddhism\n\nOver the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by ... |
56d298dd59d6e41400146118 | Goddard collected mainly what type of Buddhist scripture? | Zen | [
"Buddhism\n\nDwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist princi... |
56d298dd59d6e4140014611a | Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single combined document with all Buddhist principles and called it? | The Buddha and His Dhamma | [
"Buddhism\n\nDwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist princi... |
56d29a9a59d6e4140014611e | What means "three baskets"? | Pāli Tipitaka | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrin... |
56d29a9a59d6e4140014611f | What does the "three baskets" refer to? | the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrin... |
56d29a9a59d6e41400146120 | What contains disciplinary rules for Buddhist Monks and nuns? | Vinaya Pitaka | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrin... |
56d29a9a59d6e41400146121 | What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha? | the Sutta Pitaka | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrin... |
56d29a9a59d6e41400146122 | What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings? | Abhidhamma Pitaka | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrin... |
56d29b0e59d6e41400146128 | What is the only Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? | Pāli Tipitaka | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka is the only early Tipitaka (Sanskrit: Tripiṭaka) to survive intact in its original language, but a number of early schools had their own recensions of the Tipitaka featuring much of the same material. We have portions of the Tipitakas of the Sārvāstivāda, Dharmaguptaka, Sammitya, Mahā... |
56d29b0e59d6e41400146129 | Is is said that some early schools of buddhism had how many pitakas? | five or seven | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Pāli Tipitaka is the only early Tipitaka (Sanskrit: Tripiṭaka) to survive intact in its original language, but a number of early schools had their own recensions of the Tipitaka featuring much of the same material. We have portions of the Tipitakas of the Sārvāstivāda, Dharmaguptaka, Sammitya, Mahā... |
56d29bca59d6e4140014612c | Which monk presided after the death of the Buddha? | Mahākāśyapa | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon t... |
56d29bca59d6e4140014612d | What was the goal of the council? | to record the Buddha's teachings | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon t... |
56d29bca59d6e4140014612e | the vinaya was recited by? | Upāli | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon t... |
56d29bca59d6e4140014612f | Who was the Buddha's personal attendant? | Ānanda | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon t... |
56d29bca59d6e41400146130 | Ananda was called upon to recite what? | dhamma | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon t... |
56d29c7059d6e41400146136 | Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically what? | Theravadin | [
"Buddhism\n\nMuch of the material in the Canon is not specifically \"Theravadin\", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: \"The Theravad... |
56d29c7059d6e41400146137 | Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time? | The Theravadins | [
"Buddhism\n\nMuch of the material in the Canon is not specifically \"Theravadin\", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: \"The Theravad... |
56d29d4659d6e41400146144 | What are considered the original teachings of the Buddha? | Mahayana sutras | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact ... |
56d29d4659d6e41400146145 | What is a very broad genre of Buddhist scripture? | Mahayana sutras | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact ... |
56d29d4659d6e41400146146 | What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna? | Sarvastivada Abhidharma | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact ... |
56d29dd059d6e4140014614a | What sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path? | Mahayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path. That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness. Hence the name Mahāyāna (lit., the Great Vehicle)."
] |
56d29dd059d6e4140014614b | What does Mahayana mean? | the Great Vehicle | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path. That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness. Hence the name Mahāyāna (lit., the Great Vehicle)."
] |
56d29dd059d6e4140014614c | What path is described as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings? | bodhisattva path | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path. That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness. Hence the name Mahāyāna (lit., the Great Vehicle)."
] |
56d29e6759d6e41400146150 | What sutras were transmitted in secret? | Mahayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:"
] |
56d29e6759d6e41400146151 | What sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds? | Mahayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:"
] |
56d29e6759d6e41400146152 | What tradition says that sutras might have come from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas? | Mahayana tradition | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:"
] |
56d29ed559d6e41400146156 | How many Mahayana sutras have survivied in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations? | six hundred | [
"Buddhism\n\nApproximately six hundred Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations. In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin."
] |
56d29ed559d6e41400146157 | What buddhism recognizes sutras of Chinese origin? | East Asian Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nApproximately six hundred Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations. In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin."
] |
56d29fc959d6e4140014615c | When did Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in India? | after the 5th century CE | [
"Buddhism\n\nGenerally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: \"Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century\", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of thes... |
56d29fc959d6e4140014615d | What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras? | Hinayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nGenerally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: \"Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century\", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of thes... |
56d2a05e59d6e41400146162 | What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon? | the Theravada | [
"Buddhism\n\nOnly the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historica... |
56d2a05e59d6e41400146163 | The modern Theravada school stablished itself in what country? | Sri Lanka | [
"Buddhism\n\nOnly the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historica... |
56d2a05e59d6e41400146164 | What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory? | hinayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nOnly the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historica... |
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