id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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5727e8ddff5b5019007d982e | Which church has had a large influence over Galicia since the Middle Ages? | Catholic Church | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nSince the Middle Ages, the Galician Catholic Church has been organized into five ecclesiastical dioceses (Lugo, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Mondoñedo-Ferrol and Tui-Vigo). While these may have coincided with contemporary 15th-century civil provinces, they no longer have the same boundaries ... |
5727e8ddff5b5019007d982f | Which five positions are held by church leaders? | one archbishop and four bishops | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nSince the Middle Ages, the Galician Catholic Church has been organized into five ecclesiastical dioceses (Lugo, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Mondoñedo-Ferrol and Tui-Vigo). While these may have coincided with contemporary 15th-century civil provinces, they no longer have the same boundaries ... |
5727e99aff5b5019007d9840 | Which civilization was it that founded some of the first Galician cities? | Romans | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nHundreds of ancient standing stone monuments like dolmens, menhirs and megalithics Tumulus were erected during the prehistoric period in Galicia, amongst the best-known are the dolmens of Dombate, Corveira, Axeitos of Pedra da Arca, menhirs like the \"Lapa de Gargñáns\". From the Iron Age, Galic... |
5727e99aff5b5019007d9841 | Name two of these cities. | Lugo and Ourense | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nHundreds of ancient standing stone monuments like dolmens, menhirs and megalithics Tumulus were erected during the prehistoric period in Galicia, amongst the best-known are the dolmens of Dombate, Corveira, Axeitos of Pedra da Arca, menhirs like the \"Lapa de Gargñáns\". From the Iron Age, Galic... |
5727e9ca4b864d1900163fde | Who is Galicia's patron saint? | Saint James the Greater | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nThe patron saint of Galicia is Saint James the Greater, whose body was discovered – according to the Catholic tradition – in 814 near Compostela. After that date, the relics of Saint James became an extraordinary centre of pilgrimage and from the 9th century have been kept in the heart of the ch... |
5727e9ca4b864d1900163fdf | Name another saint associated with Galicia. | Saint Senorina | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nThe patron saint of Galicia is Saint James the Greater, whose body was discovered – according to the Catholic tradition – in 814 near Compostela. After that date, the relics of Saint James became an extraordinary centre of pilgrimage and from the 9th century have been kept in the heart of the ch... |
5727e9cf2ca10214002d995c | Which metro area is largest in terms of population? | A Coruña-Ferrol | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nIn northern Galicia, the A Coruña-Ferrol metropolitan area has become increasingly dominant in terms of population. The population of the city of A Coruña in 1900 was 43,971. The population of the rest of the province including the City and Naval Station of nearby Ferrol and Santiago de Composte... |
5727e9cf2ca10214002d995d | What was it's total population back in 1900? | 653,556 | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nIn northern Galicia, the A Coruña-Ferrol metropolitan area has become increasingly dominant in terms of population. The population of the city of A Coruña in 1900 was 43,971. The population of the rest of the province including the City and Naval Station of nearby Ferrol and Santiago de Composte... |
5727e9d04b864d1900163fe2 | What to Galician's call themselves in their language? | galegos | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nGalicia's inhabitants are known as Galicians (Galician: galegos, Spanish: gallegos). For well over a century Galicia has grown more slowly than the rest of Spain, due largely to emigration to Latin America and to other parts of Spain. Sometimes Galicia has lost population in absolute terms. In 1... |
5727e9d04b864d1900163fe3 | Aside from Spain, where have Galicians emigrated to? | Latin America | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nGalicia's inhabitants are known as Galicians (Galician: galegos, Spanish: gallegos). For well over a century Galicia has grown more slowly than the rest of Spain, due largely to emigration to Latin America and to other parts of Spain. Sometimes Galicia has lost population in absolute terms. In 1... |
5727e9d12ca10214002d9960 | Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to? | Madrid | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nThe Galician road network includes autopistas and autovías connecting the major cities, as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The Autovía A-6 connects A Coruña and Lugo to Madrid, entering Galicia at Pedrafita do Cebreiro. The Autovía A-52 connects O Porriño,... |
5727e9d12ca10214002d9961 | The Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on which coast? | Cantabrian | [
"Galicia_(Spain)\n\nThe Galician road network includes autopistas and autovías connecting the major cities, as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The Autovía A-6 connects A Coruña and Lugo to Madrid, entering Galicia at Pedrafita do Cebreiro. The Autovía A-52 connects O Porriño,... |
5727abedff5b5019007d923e | What was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals? | USB | [
"USB\n\nUSB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devi... |
5727abedff5b5019007d923f | USB has become what on other devices? | commonplace | [
"USB\n\nUSB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devi... |
5727abedff5b5019007d9240 | What has USB effectively replaced? | a variety of earlier interfaces | [
"USB\n\nUSB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devi... |
5727ad6a3acd2414000de963 | What are the different kinds of USB connectors? | Type-A or a Type-B | [
"USB\n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both e... |
5727ad6a3acd2414000de964 | Why were the designs for different USB connectors made? | to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment | [
"USB\n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both e... |
5727ad6a3acd2414000de965 | The Type-A connector is usually what size? | the Type-A connector is usually the full size | [
"USB\n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both e... |
5727ad6a3acd2414000de966 | What size is the Type-B connector? | the Type-B side can vary as needed | [
"USB\n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both e... |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93a8 | What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime? | the "micro" size | [
"USB\n\nCounter-intuitively, the \"micro\" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.... |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93a9 | What was designed for less daily connections? | The standard and mini connectors | [
"USB\n\nCounter-intuitively, the \"micro\" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.... |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93aa | What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes? | Improved mini-B connectors | [
"USB\n\nCounter-intuitively, the \"micro\" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.... |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93ab | What was designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind? | Micro connectors | [
"USB\n\nCounter-intuitively, the \"micro\" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.... |
5727afbeff5b5019007d9298 | USB connections come in what? | five data transfer modes | [
"USB\n\nUSB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed de... |
5727afbeff5b5019007d9299 | What is High Speed only supported by? | specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces | [
"USB\n\nUSB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed de... |
5727afbeff5b5019007d929a | SuperSpeed is only supported by? | USB 3.0 and newer interfaces | [
"USB\n\nUSB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed de... |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92a8 | When did the seven companies begin developing USB's? | 1994 | [
"USB\n\nA group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing inter... |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92a9 | How many companies developed USB's? | seven | [
"USB\n\nA group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing inter... |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92aa | What was the goal for USB's? | to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs | [
"USB\n\nA group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing inter... |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92ab | Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel? | Ajay Bhatt | [
"USB\n\nA group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing inter... |
5727b2612ca10214002d9424 | When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced? | January 1996 | [
"USB\n\nThe original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 19... |
5727b2612ca10214002d9425 | How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0? | 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" | [
"USB\n\nThe original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 19... |
5727b2612ca10214002d9426 | What was the fastest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0? | 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed" | [
"USB\n\nThe original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 19... |
5727b2612ca10214002d9427 | 1.1 was the first widely used version of what? | USB | [
"USB\n\nThe original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 19... |
5727b2612ca10214002d9428 | When was the first widely used version of USB released? | September 1998 | [
"USB\n\nThe original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 19... |
5727b3352ca10214002d9442 | What provides a fourth transfer mode? | The new SuperSpeed bus | [
"USB\n\nThe new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to ach... |
5727b3352ca10214002d9443 | How fast is the new SuperSpeed bus data signaling rate? | 5.0 Gbit/s | [
"USB\n\nThe new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to ach... |
5727b3352ca10214002d9444 | What is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode? | Communication | [
"USB\n\nThe new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to ach... |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9464 | What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports? | low-power and high-power | [
"USB\n\nAs with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handl... |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9465 | What do the power variants provide? | 150 mA and 900 mA respectively | [
"USB\n\nAs with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handl... |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9466 | What does the Battery Charging Specification do? | increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A | [
"USB\n\nAs with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handl... |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9467 | What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification? | does not allow concurrent data transmission | [
"USB\n\nAs with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handl... |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949c | When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed? | January 2013 | [
"USB\n\nA January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thun... |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949d | What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated? | The group ended up creating a new USB version | [
"USB\n\nA January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thun... |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949e | When was USB 3.1 released? | 31 July 2013 | [
"USB\n\nA January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thun... |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949f | What does the USB 3.1 standard increase? | the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode | [
"USB\n\nA January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thun... |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d9348 | When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized? | August 2014 | [
"USB\n\nDeveloped at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B conn... |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d9349 | What defined a new reversible-plug connector for USB devices? | USB Type-C Specification 1.0 | [
"USB\n\nDeveloped at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B conn... |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d934a | What does Type-C connect to? | both hosts and devices | [
"USB\n\nDeveloped at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B conn... |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d934b | What connector provides four power/ground pairs? | The 24-pin double-sided connector | [
"USB\n\nDeveloped at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B conn... |
5727bb19ff5b5019007d9396 | What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain? | active, electronically marked cables | [
"USB\n\nFull-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over th... |
5727bb19ff5b5019007d9397 | Electronically marked cables have a chip that contains what? | an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages | [
"USB\n\nFull-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over th... |
5727bb19ff5b5019007d9398 | What is the shortened version of vendor-defined messages? | (VDMs) | [
"USB\n\nFull-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over th... |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd6 | The design of USB is asymmetrical in what? | its topology | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd7 | How many devices may be connected to a host controller? | 127 devices | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd8 | How are USB devices linked? | in series through hubs | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd9 | What HUB is built into the host controller? | the root hub | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f2 | The design of the USB is asymmetrical in its what? | topology | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f3 | How many devices can be connected to a host controller? | Up to 127 devices | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f4 | What hub is built into the host controller? | the root hub | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f5 | A USB host may implement how many host controllers? | multiple | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f6 | How many USB ports may a host controller provide? | one or more USB ports | [
"USB\n\nThe design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier leve... |
5727bf494b864d1900163c60 | What are logical sub-devices referred to as? | device functions | [
"USB\n\nA physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alt... |
5727bf494b864d1900163c61 | A single device can provide an audio device function such as? | built-in microphone | [
"USB\n\nA physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alt... |
5727bf494b864d1900163c62 | A single device can provide a video device function such as? | a webcam | [
"USB\n\nA physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alt... |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9466 | What is a pipe? | a connection from the host controller to a logical entity | [
"USB\n\nUSB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints... |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9467 | A USB connection is based on what? | pipes (logical channels) | [
"USB\n\nUSB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints... |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9468 | What is a pipe named at? | an endpoint | [
"USB\n\nUSB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints... |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9469 | Where do pipes correspond? | 1-to-1 to endpoints | [
"USB\n\nUSB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints... |
5727c090ff5b5019007d946a | How many endpoints can a USB device have? | up to 32 endpoints | [
"USB\n\nUSB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints... |
5727c2da2ca10214002d95aa | If the direction of the data transfer is from the device to the host, what does the host send? | the host sends an IN packet | [
"USB\n\nAn endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) ha... |
5727c2da2ca10214002d95ab | What does a bi-directional endpoint accept? | both IN and OUT packets | [
"USB\n\nAn endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) ha... |
5727c2da2ca10214002d95ac | What is sent if the direction of the data transfer is from host to endpoint? | an OUT packet | [
"USB\n\nAn endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) ha... |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cb8 | What is started when a USB is first connected to a host? | enumeration process | [
"USB\n\nWhen a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and t... |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cb9 | What does the enumeration process start by doing? | sending a reset signal to the USB device | [
"USB\n\nWhen a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and t... |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cba | What id the data rate determined during? | the reset signaling | [
"USB\n\nWhen a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and t... |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cbb | When is the device assigned a unique 7-bit address? | After reset | [
"USB\n\nWhen a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and t... |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cbc | What happens whenever a USB host is restarted? | the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices. | [
"USB\n\nWhen a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and t... |
5727c707ff5b5019007d94ea | What do transaction translators do? | convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses | [
"USB\n\nHigh-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translat... |
5727c707ff5b5019007d94eb | When does a USB 2.0 hub operate in high speed mode? | When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub | [
"USB\n\nHigh-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translat... |
5727c707ff5b5019007d94ec | What kind of devices do High speed USB 2.0's contain? | transaction translators | [
"USB\n\nHigh-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translat... |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d9518 | What do USB's implement connections to? | storage devices | [
"USB\n\nUSB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel dev... |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d9519 | What are the standards called that implement connections to storage devices? | the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS) | [
"USB\n\nUSB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel dev... |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d951a | What is the process of making a novel device look like a familiar device? | extension | [
"USB\n\nUSB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel dev... |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d951b | Why is the ability to boot write-locked SD cards with a USB adapter advantageous for? | maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium. | [
"USB\n\nUSB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel dev... |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9542 | Since when can most computers boot from USB mass storage devices? | since mid-2004 | [
"USB\n\nThough most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that... |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9543 | What is USB not intended for? | a primary bus for a computer's internal storage | [
"USB\n\nThough most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that... |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9544 | What is an important advantage of USB? | it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer | [
"USB\n\nThough most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that... |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9545 | Buses such as Parallel ATA fulfill what role in PC computers? | a computer's internal storage | [
"USB\n\nThough most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that... |
5727c9722ca10214002d9632 | Several manufacturers offer what? | external portable USB hard disk drives | [
"USB\n\nFirstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of atta... |
5727c9722ca10214002d9633 | What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer? | performance comparable to internal drives | [
"USB\n\nFirstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of atta... |
5727c9722ca10214002d9634 | What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity? | Thunderbolt | [
"USB\n\nFirstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of atta... |
5727c9722ca10214002d9635 | What do the external drives typically include? | a "translating device" | [
"USB\n\nFirstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of atta... |
5727caa02ca10214002d965e | Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who? | Microsoft | [
"USB\n\nMedia Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the pri... |
5727caa02ca10214002d965f | Why was Media Transfer Protocol designed? | to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem | [
"USB\n\nMedia Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the pri... |
5727caa02ca10214002d9660 | What was MTP originally designed for? | use with portable media players | [
"USB\n\nMedia Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the pri... |
5727caa02ca10214002d9661 | Why has MTP become the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system? | MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does | [
"USB\n\nMedia Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the pri... |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dca | What do older computers have to have in order for USB mice and keyboards to be used? | PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter | [
"USB\n\nUSB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect w... |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dcb | What is the hardware designed to detect in USB mice and keyboards? | whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port | [
"USB\n\nUSB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect w... |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dcc | USB keyboards and mice may communicate using what? | appropriate protocol | [
"USB\n\nUSB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect w... |
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