Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
5728c5dd3acd2414000dfe0b	What is the number of plants in the Central Sahara?	five hundred species	[ "Sahara\n\nThe central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, b...
5728c5dd3acd2414000dfe0c	What do plants do in order to avoid water loss?	growing lower	[ "Sahara\n\nThe central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, b...
5728c5dd3acd2414000dfe0d	Where do plants store their water to avoid the conditions?	thick stems	[ "Sahara\n\nThe central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, b...
5728c5dd3acd2414000dfe0e	What helps plants in order to get as much water as possible?	long roots that travel horizontally	[ "Sahara\n\nThe central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, b...
5728c608ff5b5019007da66a	How many cheetahs remain in the Northwest Africa area?	250	[ "Sahara\n\nThe Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites...
5728c608ff5b5019007da66b	What months do the cheetah's avoid the sun?	April to October	[ "Sahara\n\nThe Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites...
5728c608ff5b5019007da66c	How many many cheetah's are left in the wild?	2,000	[ "Sahara\n\nThe Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites...
5728c675ff5b5019007da670	What activities from these mammals will likely affect habitat areas?	human activities	[ "Sahara\n\nhuman activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In r...
5728c675ff5b5019007da671	What underground items have lead to soil degradation?	irrigated water pumped	[ "Sahara\n\nhuman activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In r...
5728c675ff5b5019007da672	What kind of pressure can be intense in the Sahara?	natural resources	[ "Sahara\n\nhuman activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In r...
5728c6c4ff5b5019007da676	When did people start living on the edge of the desert?	ice age	[ "Sahara\n\nPeople lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including...
5728c6c4ff5b5019007da677	How many river animals were thought to be found during the ice age era?	Over 30,000 petroglyphs	[ "Sahara\n\nPeople lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including...
5728c6c4ff5b5019007da678	What area of the Sahara is full of vegetation?	the Nile Valley	[ "Sahara\n\nPeople lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including...
5728c6c4ff5b5019007da679	What is believed to have increased temperatures in the Sahara?	shifts in the Earth's axis	[ "Sahara\n\nPeople lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including...
5728c71f4b864d1900164dde	During what era was the central Sudan rich in environment?	Neolithic Era	[ "Sahara\n\nDuring the Neolithic Era, before the onset of desertification, around 9500 BCE the central Sudan had been a rich environment supporting a large population ranging across what is now barren desert, like the Wadi el-Qa'ab. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were f...
5728c71f4b864d1900164ddf	What kind of rock art was found in the Sudan?	cattle and herdsmen	[ "Sahara\n\nDuring the Neolithic Era, before the onset of desertification, around 9500 BCE the central Sudan had been a rich environment supporting a large population ranging across what is now barren desert, like the Wadi el-Qa'ab. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were f...
5728c71f4b864d1900164de0	What are examples of the first known archaeoastronomy found in Nabta Playa?	Megaliths	[ "Sahara\n\nDuring the Neolithic Era, before the onset of desertification, around 9500 BCE the central Sudan had been a rich environment supporting a large population ranging across what is now barren desert, like the Wadi el-Qa'ab. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were f...
5728c7763acd2414000dfe35	What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period?	cattle	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goat...
5728c7763acd2414000dfe36	By what time period were the Egyptians constructing large buildings?	6000 BCE	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goat...
5728c7763acd2414000dfe37	What items replaced previously items made of stone?	Metal objects	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goat...
5728c7763acd2414000dfe38	In which direction were the dead facing when they were buried?	due west	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goat...
5728c8fb3acd2414000dfe69	By What time period was the Sahara dry like it is today?	3400 BCE	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 3400 BCE, the Sahara was as dry as it is today, due to reduced precipitation and higher temperatures resulting from a shift in the Earth's orbit. As a result of this aridification, it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with the remaining settlements mainly being concentrated around the n...
5728c8fb3acd2414000dfe6a	What was the main reason that the Sahara became so dry?	reduced precipitation and higher temperatures	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 3400 BCE, the Sahara was as dry as it is today, due to reduced precipitation and higher temperatures resulting from a shift in the Earth's orbit. As a result of this aridification, it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with the remaining settlements mainly being concentrated around the n...
5728c8fb3acd2414000dfe6b	What area is known for having the majority of the trade?	the Nile Valley	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 3400 BCE, the Sahara was as dry as it is today, due to reduced precipitation and higher temperatures resulting from a shift in the Earth's orbit. As a result of this aridification, it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with the remaining settlements mainly being concentrated around the n...
5728c930ff5b5019007da6aa	Where did the Greeks established their trading colonies?	Red Sea	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 500 BCE, Greeks arrived in the desert. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert, but the turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further so...
5728c930ff5b5019007da6ab	Which coast did the Carthaginians explore for trade?	the Atlantic coast	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 500 BCE, Greeks arrived in the desert. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert, but the turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further so...
5728c930ff5b5019007da6ac	Who would raid the desert leaving the people in constant fear?	nomadic Berber	[ "Sahara\n\nBy 500 BCE, Greeks arrived in the desert. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert, but the turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further so...
5728c96d2ca10214002da7d0	What time period did the Garamantes arrive in?	500 BCE	[ "Sahara\n\nAn urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields...
5728c96d2ca10214002da7d1	What did the Garamantes do in order to bring water to their crops?	digging tunnels	[ "Sahara\n\nAn urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields...
5728c96d2ca10214002da7d2	How many towns are believed to be found by Archaeologists?	eight major towns	[ "Sahara\n\nAn urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields...
5728c96d2ca10214002da7d3	What was the reason for the collapse of the Garamantes civilization?	depleted available water	[ "Sahara\n\nAn urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields...
5728c9a54b864d1900164e28	What group of people ruled the northern shoes of the Sahara?	Byzantine Empire	[ "Sahara\n\nThe Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all ...
5728c9a54b864d1900164e29	What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place?	mid-7th to early 8th centuries	[ "Sahara\n\nThe Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all ...
5728c9a54b864d1900164e2a	What is the estimated number of slaves that were transported each year?	6,000 to 7,000 slaves	[ "Sahara\n\nThe Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all ...
5728ca094b864d1900164e2e	During the 1500 who was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire?	Egypt	[ "Sahara\n\nIn the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire...
5728ca094b864d1900164e2f	What did the Ottoman Empire provide to its people?	freedom of movement for citizens and goods	[ "Sahara\n\nIn the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire...
5728ca094b864d1900164e30	What was the local language during this time in Egypt?	Arabic	[ "Sahara\n\nIn the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire...
5728ca372ca10214002da7e0	What time period did the colonialism of the Sahara begin?	19th century	[ "Sahara\n\nEuropean colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu, Mauri...
5728ca372ca10214002da7e1	What country conquered the Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830?	France	[ "Sahara\n\nEuropean colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu, Mauri...
5728ca372ca10214002da7e2	During what time were good moved through more modern means?	20th century	[ "Sahara\n\nEuropean colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu, Mauri...
5728ca834b864d1900164e34	What is the most common dialect spoken in the Sahara?	Arabic	[ "Sahara\n\nArabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Isla...
5728ca834b864d1900164e35	What language is mainly spoken in West Africa?	French	[ "Sahara\n\nArabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Isla...
5728ca834b864d1900164e36	What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs?	Arabic	[ "Sahara\n\nArabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Isla...
5727b808ff5b5019007d9358	Which Scottish theologian is first credited with using the phrase "rule of law"?	Samuel Rutherford	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour o...
5727b808ff5b5019007d9359	Which British jurist later made the phrase "rule of law" popular in the 1800s?	A. V. Dicey	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour o...
5727b808ff5b5019007d935a	What phrase Ariostle also use which is closely related to "the rule of law"?	Law should govern	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour o...
5727b808ff5b5019007d935b	Samuel Rutherford used the principle of the rule of law to argue what point?	against the divine right of kings	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour o...
5727b808ff5b5019007d935c	According to the rule of law, what should hold the determination for rules in a land?	law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour o...
5727ba02ff5b5019007d9384	In what forms of government are leaders not held to the same laws as ordinary citizens?	autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nRule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for exa...
5727ba02ff5b5019007d9385	According to the rule of law, who must obey the laws?	every citizen	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nRule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for exa...
5727ba02ff5b5019007d9386	What are governments called that are created with the rule of law in mind?	nomocracy	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nRule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for exa...
5727ba02ff5b5019007d9387	What happens to the rule of law if a government does not have an effective system for maintenance and restoration?	decay	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nRule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for exa...
5727ba02ff5b5019007d9388	For what reasons might democratic societies not follow the rule of law?	neglect or ignorance of the law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nRule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for exa...
5727bbc63acd2414000deadd	On what principle did the Ancient Greeks first think was best for governance?	rule by the best men	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explai...
5727bbc63acd2414000deade	According to Plato, who was above the law?	king	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explai...
5727bbc63acd2414000deadf	What type of kingdom was purported by Plato?	benevolent monarchy	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explai...
5727bbc63acd2414000deae0	Under what rule did Aristotle believe a nation should be led?	rule of law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explai...
5727bbc63acd2414000deae1	To what did Plato compare a government that follows laws?	slave	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explai...
5727bec13acd2414000deb41	In which book of the Bible are limitations on Jewish monarchs outlined?	Deuteronomy	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThere has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for...
5727bec13acd2414000deb42	Who was against the divine rights of kings in England during the 1500s?	Bishop John Ponet	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThere has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for...
5727bec13acd2414000deb43	What principle did the restrictions on the right of kings, as detailed in Deuteronomy, influence later opposition?	divine right of kings	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThere has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for...
5727bec13acd2414000deb44	What historical book may have a significant impact on contemporary law making practices?	Bible	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThere has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for...
5727bec13acd2414000deb45	According to the restrictions placed on Jewish kings in Deuteronomy, ownership over what was regulated?	horses	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThere has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for...
5727c05f3acd2414000deb83	To what did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke compare the law?	golden met-wand	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said,...
5727c05f3acd2414000deb84	According to English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke, what should Kings follow?	God and the law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said,...
5727c05f3acd2414000deb85	When did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke speak in the Case of Prohibitions?	1607	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said,...
5727c05f3acd2414000deb86	How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions?	greatly offended	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said,...
5727c05f3acd2414000deb87	What was Edward Coke's official title?	Chief Justice Sir	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nIn 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said,...
5727c25f2ca10214002d9592	What is another word for a thin definition?	formalist	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nDespite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as \"an exceedingly elusive notion\". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or \"thin\" definition, and a substantive ...
5727c25f2ca10214002d9593	What is another word for a thick definition?	substantive	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nDespite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as \"an exceedingly elusive notion\". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or \"thin\" definition, and a substantive ...
5727c25f2ca10214002d9594	Who commonly, or at least attempt to, abide by the rule of law?	politicians, judges and academics	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nDespite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as \"an exceedingly elusive notion\". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or \"thin\" definition, and a substantive ...
5727c25f2ca10214002d9595	On what do aspects of the rule of law do formalist definitions focus?	specific procedural attributes	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nDespite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as \"an exceedingly elusive notion\". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or \"thin\" definition, and a substantive ...
5727c25f2ca10214002d9596	What is the third and lesser referred to approach on defining the rule of law?	functional	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nDespite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as \"an exceedingly elusive notion\". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or \"thin\" definition, and a substantive ...
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c0	According to legal theorists, what characteristics must the rule of law have?	generality, equality, and certainty	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nMost legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the l...
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c1	According to some, what is the rule of law is formed to protect?	individual rights	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nMost legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the l...
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c2	What system of government is considered as a component of the rule of law?	democracy	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nMost legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the l...
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c3	According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law?	content	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nMost legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the l...
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c4	What are the two approaches to defining the concept of the rule of law?	formal and substantive	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nMost legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the l...
5727c6252ca10214002d9600	Which interpretation of the rule of law is used on a larger scale?	formal	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe \"formal\" interpretation is more widespread than the \"substantive\" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the ...
5727c6252ca10214002d9601	According to the formalist approach, what else, besides democracy, can laws protect?	individual rights	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe \"formal\" interpretation is more widespread than the \"substantive\" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the ...
5727c6252ca10214002d9602	According to the formalist approach, how much notoriety must a law have?	well-known	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe \"formal\" interpretation is more widespread than the \"substantive\" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the ...
5727c6252ca10214002d9603	How many requirements for content are there for the rule of law under the formalist approach?	no requirements	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe \"formal\" interpretation is more widespread than the \"substantive\" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the ...
5727c6252ca10214002d9604	Which interpretation of the rule of law is less commonly used?	substantive	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe \"formal\" interpretation is more widespread than the \"substantive\" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the ...
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d950e	According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man?	rule of law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe functional interpretation of the term \"rule of law\", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the \"rule of law\" with the \"rule of man.\" According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of \"rule of l...
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d950f	What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have?	little	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe functional interpretation of the term \"rule of law\", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the \"rule of law\" with the \"rule of man.\" According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of \"rule of l...
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9510	What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have?	a great deal	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe functional interpretation of the term \"rule of law\", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the \"rule of law\" with the \"rule of man.\" According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of \"rule of l...
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9511	What happens to those that do not follow to the rule of law?	punishment	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe functional interpretation of the term \"rule of law\", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the \"rule of law\" with the \"rule of man.\" According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of \"rule of l...
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9512	What fights against the rule of law?	flexibility	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe functional interpretation of the term \"rule of law\", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the \"rule of law\" with the \"rule of man.\" According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of \"rule of l...
5727cc002ca10214002d9680	For how many countries have rule of law aggregate measurements been developed?	more than 200 countries	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: \"the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particu...
5727cc002ca10214002d9681	What is the term that described a government based on the rule of law?	nomocracy	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: \"the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particu...
5727cc002ca10214002d9682	What is the Greek word for law?	nomos	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: \"the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particu...
5727cc002ca10214002d9683	What is the Greek word for power?	kratos	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: \"the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particu...
5727cc002ca10214002d9684	What is a key qualifier for determining good governance?	rule of law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nThe rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: \"the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particu...
5727ccf43acd2414000decbd	What does the President and Supreme Court Justices vow to stand by?	the Constitution	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...
5727ccf43acd2414000decbe	According to the Constitution, what is superior to the rules of man?	rule of law	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a6	What do the President and Supreme Court justices vow to uphold?	the Constitution	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a7	According to the Constitution, to what is the rule of law superior?	the rule of any human leader	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a8	What branch of the government has prosecutorial discretion?	executive branch	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a9	What branch of government can determine what acts it writes?	legislative branch	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95aa	Which branch of government has judicial discretion?	judicial branch	[ "Rule_of_law\n\nAll government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human lead...

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