id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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5728d079ff5b5019007da721 | What did law that limit smoking accomplish? | decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma | [
"Asthma\n\nAvoidance of triggers is a key component of improving control and preventing attacks. The most common triggers include allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the eff... |
5728d079ff5b5019007da722 | What type of exercise can provide small improvements? | Yoga | [
"Asthma\n\nAvoidance of triggers is a key component of improving control and preventing attacks. The most common triggers include allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the eff... |
5728d1664b864d1900164eb4 | What type of person would use bronchial thermoplasty as an option? | For those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs | [
"Asthma\n\nFor those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few m... |
5728d1664b864d1900164eb5 | What does bronchial thermoplasty consist of? | It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies | [
"Asthma\n\nFor those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few m... |
5728d1664b864d1900164eb6 | What effect does bronchial thermoplasty have? | it appears to decrease the subsequent rate. | [
"Asthma\n\nFor those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few m... |
5728d1664b864d1900164eb7 | What treatment helps improve those with allergic rhinitis and asthma? | sublingual immunotherapy | [
"Asthma\n\nFor those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few m... |
5728d2b3ff5b5019007da772 | What is the prognosis for asthma? | generally good | [
"Asthma\n\nThe prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low an... |
5728d2b3ff5b5019007da773 | What has caused the mortality rate to decrease? | due to better recognition and improvement in care | [
"Asthma\n\nThe prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low an... |
5728d2b3ff5b5019007da774 | Worldwide, how many people suffer from asthma? | 19.4 million people as of 2004 | [
"Asthma\n\nThe prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low an... |
5728d2b3ff5b5019007da775 | How many cases that are diagnosed in childhood make it past 10 years with asthma? | half of cases will no longer carry the diagnosis after a decade | [
"Asthma\n\nThe prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low an... |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8d8 | By 2011, how many people were affected by asthma? | 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma | [
"Asthma\n\nAs of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Easter... |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8d9 | How many people die per year from asthma? | 250,000–345,000 people | [
"Asthma\n\nAs of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Easter... |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8da | What countries is asthma more commonly seen? | It is more common in developed than developing countries | [
"Asthma\n\nAs of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Easter... |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8db | Why are different countries effected differently? | The reason for these differences is not well known | [
"Asthma\n\nAs of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Easter... |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f4 | How much was the average cost of hospital stays for asthma-related issues for children?? | about $3,600 | [
"Asthma\n\nFrom 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer am... |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f5 | How much was the average cost of hospital stays for asthma-related issues for adults? | from $5,200 to $6,600 | [
"Asthma\n\nFrom 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer am... |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f6 | Who was the most frequent primary payer amount children and adults? | Medicaid | [
"Asthma\n\nFrom 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer am... |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f7 | Who was more likely to seek hospital help in the US for asthma reasons? | the lowest income communities | [
"Asthma\n\nFrom 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer am... |
5728d8654b864d1900164f62 | When was the first paper written about asthma? | In 1873 | [
"Asthma\n\nIn 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pil... |
5728d8654b864d1900164f63 | What was first used as a cure for asthma? | by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment | [
"Asthma\n\nIn 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pil... |
5728d8654b864d1900164f64 | In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma? | pilocarpin | [
"Asthma\n\nIn 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pil... |
5728d8654b864d1900164f65 | When did inhaled corticosteroids and short acting beta agonist start being used? | in the 1960s | [
"Asthma\n\nIn 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pil... |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb2 | Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? | higher-quality | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAlthough the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to re... |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb3 | Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America? | high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAlthough the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to re... |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb4 | With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? | videophiles and film enthusiasts | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAlthough the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to re... |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb5 | In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s? | Hong Kong | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAlthough the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to re... |
572812a04b864d19001643c0 | Where was LaserDisc first available? | Atlanta, Georgia | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as ... |
572812a04b864d19001643c1 | How many years after VHS was LaserDisk released? | two years | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as ... |
572812a04b864d19001643c2 | Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed? | MCA DiscoVision | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as ... |
572812a04b864d19001643c3 | How did the first viewers refer to the media? | "Video Long Play" | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as ... |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cfc | Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980? | Pioneer Electronics | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as \"Laser Videodisc\". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Phil... |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cfd | Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"? | unofficially | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as \"Laser Videodisc\". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Phil... |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cfe | Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out? | discs | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as \"Laser Videodisc\". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Phil... |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cff | Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs? | Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as \"Laser Videodisc\". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Phil... |
57281747ff5b5019007d9d00 | What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found? | Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus) | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as \"Laser Videodisc\". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Phil... |
57281a754b864d1900164492 | What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s? | DVD | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBy the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, a... |
57281a754b864d1900164493 | Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s? | British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBy the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, a... |
57281a754b864d1900164494 | What was the BBC Domesday Project? | a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBy the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, a... |
57281a754b864d1900164495 | Which country still exported players to North America until 2001? | Japan | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBy the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, a... |
57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5c | How large was a standard LaserDisc? | 30 cm (12 in) in diameter | [
"LaserDisc\n\nThe standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the ... |
57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5d | What numbers are used in Binary information coding? | 1s and 0s | [
"LaserDisc\n\nThe standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the ... |
57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5e | Were the ealiest LaserDiscs in 1978 analog or digitally formatted? | analog | [
"LaserDisc\n\nThe standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the ... |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d74 | What was the length capacity of the CAA55 format? | 55 minutes 5 seconds | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAs Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles relea... |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d75 | Why was Back to the Future released with analog sound? | due to the length of the title and the desire to keep the film on one disc | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAs Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles relea... |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d76 | What was the maximum length of the CAA60 format? | 60 minutes 5 seconds | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAs Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles relea... |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d77 | How many works were released to the public with the CAA70 format? | There are not any known uses of this format on the consumer market | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAs Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles relea... |
572826224b864d19001645a4 | What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK? | "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio | [
"LaserDisc\n\nSound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks... |
572826224b864d19001645a5 | The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format? | 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround. | [
"LaserDisc\n\nSound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks... |
572826224b864d19001645a6 | What sound formatting do DVDs use? | Dolby Digital audio in digital form | [
"LaserDisc\n\nSound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks... |
572828724b864d1900164606 | What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline? | DVD's growing popularity | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed ... |
572828724b864d1900164607 | Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models? | higher-end | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed ... |
572828724b864d1900164608 | What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to? | 6-channel analog audio | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed ... |
57282cbd4b864d1900164658 | Was sound quality from disc to disc and between players consistent or varied? | varied greatly | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAt least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio com... |
57282cbd4b864d1900164659 | Was analog or digital formatting more popular with enthusiasts? | digital | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAt least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio com... |
57282cbd4b864d190016465a | What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? | improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAt least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio com... |
57282cbd4b864d190016465b | Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies? | Universal | [
"LaserDisc\n\nAt least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio com... |
57282ff14b864d19001646a4 | Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio? | right analog audio channel | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBoth AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the ne... |
57282ff14b864d19001646a5 | What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? | digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBoth AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the ne... |
57282ff14b864d19001646a6 | What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3? | garbage (static) output | [
"LaserDisc\n\nBoth AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the ne... |
572830d54b864d19001646c6 | Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find? | rare | [
"LaserDisc\n\nOnly one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a ... |
572830d54b864d19001646c7 | How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs? | Only one | [
"LaserDisc\n\nOnly one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a ... |
572830d54b864d19001646c8 | What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers? | DTS | [
"LaserDisc\n\nOnly one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a ... |
572831634b864d19001646d6 | Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs? | PAL LaserDiscs | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tr... |
572831634b864d19001646d7 | How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have? | two | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tr... |
572831634b864d19001646d8 | Which two audio options are available on PAL LaserDiscs? | two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tr... |
57283235ff5b5019007d9ed8 | What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player? | LD-700 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture qualit... |
57283235ff5b5019007d9ed9 | Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700? | first LD player to load from the front and not the top | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture qualit... |
57283235ff5b5019007d9eda | When did Pioneer release the LD-700? | March 1984 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture qualit... |
57283235ff5b5019007d9edb | Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models? | Philips | [
"LaserDisc\n\nIn March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture qualit... |
572833943acd2414000df6d3 | Which three names did MCA use for LaserDisc technology during its development? | Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc" | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, \"Reflective Optical Videodisc\" or \"Laser Optical Videodisc\", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyph... |
572833943acd2414000df6d4 | To what did MCA change the name to in 1969? | Disco-Vision | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, \"Reflective Optical Videodisc\" or \"Laser Optical Videodisc\", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyph... |
572833943acd2414000df6d5 | When did MCA remove the hyphen from the name Disco-Vision? | 1978 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, \"Reflective Optical Videodisc\" or \"Laser Optical Videodisc\", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyph... |
572833943acd2414000df6d6 | Which company owned the rights to the world's largest collection of films during the 1970s? | MCA | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, \"Reflective Optical Videodisc\" or \"Laser Optical Videodisc\", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyph... |
572833943acd2414000df6d7 | Consumer sales of MCA films began in 1978 with what movie? | Jaws | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, \"Reflective Optical Videodisc\" or \"Laser Optical Videodisc\", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyph... |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1c | What did VLP stand for in English-speaking countries? | Video Long-Play | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPhilips' preferred name for the format was \"VLP\", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat (\"Video long-play disc\"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and m... |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1d | What was the first consumer VLP player? | Magnavox VH-8000 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPhilips' preferred name for the format was \"VLP\", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat (\"Video long-play disc\"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and m... |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1e | Which group officially chose the name "Laservision"? | The LaserVision Association | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPhilips' preferred name for the format was \"VLP\", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat (\"Video long-play disc\"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and m... |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1f | The Laservision Association was comprised of which companies? | MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPhilips' preferred name for the format was \"VLP\", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat (\"Video long-play disc\"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and m... |
5728390b3acd2414000df74f | Which company joined a 50/50 partnership with MCA in 1977? | Pioneer Electronics | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000... |
5728390b3acd2414000df750 | In what year was the first Universal-Pioneer player released? | 1980 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000... |
5728390b3acd2414000df751 | What was the name of the first Universal-Pioneer player? | the VP-1000 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000... |
5728390b3acd2414000df752 | Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984? | Ray Charles | [
"LaserDisc\n\nPioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000... |
57283a6a3acd2414000df757 | What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for? | Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc ... |
57283a6a3acd2414000df758 | What quirk is present in MCA's release of Howard the Duck? | only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc ... |
57283a6a3acd2414000df759 | What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.? | only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc ... |
57283a6a3acd2414000df75a | Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today? | The Electric Horseman | [
"LaserDisc\n\nDuring the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc ... |
57283dc84b864d19001647da | How many horizontal TVL lines did LaserDisc have in comparison to VHS's 240? | 425 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can h... |
57283dc84b864d19001647db | Which medium was chapter based like DVD format, Laserdisc or VHS? | LaserDisc | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can h... |
57283dc84b864d19001647dc | Which medium allowed for multiple audio tracks, Laserdisc or VHS? | LaserDisc | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can h... |
57283f892ca10214002da182 | Were Laserdiscs initially cheaper or more costly to produce than their VHS counterparts? | cheaper | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has ... |
57283f892ca10214002da183 | How many parts does a VHS tape have that must be manufactured? | at least 14 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has ... |
57283f892ca10214002da184 | How much did LaserDiscs cost to produce by the end of the 1980s? | $5.00 per two-sided disc | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has ... |
57283f892ca10214002da185 | How much did VHS cost to produce by the 1990s? | as little as $1.00 | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has ... |
572841bd3acd2414000df7d9 | Were Laserdiscs or VHS more durable in the long run? | LaserDiscs | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a resul... |
572841bd3acd2414000df7da | Why is physical contact with a VHS tape less desirable than an optical reading? | progressive wear with each use | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a resul... |
572841bd3acd2414000df7db | Where do VHS tapes store their information? | magnetic coating | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a resul... |
57284314ff5b5019007da038 | How is data stored on DVDs? | digital blocks which make up each independent frame | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of ... |
57284314ff5b5019007da039 | What device seperated the black and white and color signals in LaserDiscs? | the receiver | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of ... |
57284314ff5b5019007da03a | Are comb filters exact, or is some data smudged? | comb filters almost inevitably smudge some detail | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of ... |
57284314ff5b5019007da03b | In what areas are comb filters most likely to lose detail? | low-contrast details like skin tones | [
"LaserDisc\n\nLaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of ... |
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