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572a6ea1d562191400bc86d1 | What did earning the ijazat al-tadris award students? | licence to teach | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant diffe... |
572a6ea1d562191400bc86d2 | Who awarded a teaching license in Islamic schools? | individual scholar-teacher | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant diffe... |
572a6ea1d562191400bc86d3 | Who awarded a teaching license in European schools? | chief official of the university | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant diffe... |
572a6ea1d562191400bc86d4 | What type of license is closely related to the ijazat al-tadris? | licentia docendi | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant diffe... |
572a7282fed8de19000d5c17 | What determination of the study of law was held to much debate? | whether certain opinions of law were orthodox | [
"Madrasa\n\nMuch of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of \"determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him ... |
572a7282fed8de19000d5c18 | What is the Islamic term for issuing a legal opinion? | fatwa | [
"Madrasa\n\nMuch of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of \"determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him ... |
572a7282fed8de19000d5c19 | What type of matters are covered through Islamic law? | civil as well as religious | [
"Madrasa\n\nMuch of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of \"determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him ... |
572a7282fed8de19000d5c1a | What is ijtihad? | process of scholarly research | [
"Madrasa\n\nMuch of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of \"determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him ... |
572a73ae27b69114009ef5c6 | When did some madaris become considered like traditional colleges? | 10th century | [
"Madrasa\n\nThere is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no par... |
572a73ae27b69114009ef5c7 | What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris | princely patrons | [
"Madrasa\n\nThere is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no par... |
572a73ae27b69114009ef5c8 | What was considered to be the underlying purpose of madaris? | further the rulers' agenda | [
"Madrasa\n\nThere is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no par... |
572a73ae27b69114009ef5c9 | Who argued that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common? | George Makdisi | [
"Madrasa\n\nThere is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no par... |
572a74b727b69114009ef5ce | When was al-Qarawiyin University founded? | 859 | [
"Madrasa\n\nal-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) dif... |
572a74b727b69114009ef5cf | Who founded al-Qarawiyin University? | Fatima al-Fihri | [
"Madrasa\n\nal-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) dif... |
572a74b727b69114009ef5d0 | What types of degrees were earned at al-Qarawiyin University? | all levels | [
"Madrasa\n\nal-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) dif... |
572a74b727b69114009ef5d1 | What religious buildings were housed inside al-Qarawiyin University? | mosques | [
"Madrasa\n\nal-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) dif... |
572a74b727b69114009ef5d2 | What types of teachers were at al-Qarawiyin University? | individual faculties for different subjects | [
"Madrasa\n\nal-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) dif... |
572a75af74f2e11900503fbd | When was Al-Azhar University founded? | 975 | [
"Madrasa\n\nAl-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctor... |
572a75af74f2e11900503fbe | Where is Al-Azhar University located? | Cairo, Egypt | [
"Madrasa\n\nAl-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctor... |
572a75af74f2e11900503fbf | What was required to earn a law degree at Al-Azhar University? | an oral examination | [
"Madrasa\n\nAl-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctor... |
572a75af74f2e11900503fc0 | Who was an astronomy professor at Al-Azhar University? | Maimonides | [
"Madrasa\n\nAl-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctor... |
572a75af74f2e11900503fc1 | What is Nizamiyah of Baghdad most known for? | largest university of the Medieval world | [
"Madrasa\n\nAl-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctor... |
572a775074f2e11900503fd1 | What field does the ijazah signify expertise in? | Islamic religious law of sharīʻah | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, the classification of madaris as \"universities\" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, includin... |
572a775074f2e11900503fd2 | What was the purpose of studying natural sciences in madaris? | supply religious needs | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, the classification of madaris as \"universities\" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, includin... |
572a775074f2e11900503fd3 | Who decided if a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris? | the teacher | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, the classification of madaris as \"universities\" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, includin... |
572a775074f2e11900503fd4 | What scientific discipline is still taught in modern madaris? | Ptolemaic astronomy | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, the classification of madaris as \"universities\" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, includin... |
572a775074f2e11900503fd5 | What is considered the most famous madrasa? | al-Azhar | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, the classification of madaris as \"universities\" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, includin... |
572a790d74f2e11900503fdb | What do scholars believe is missing from madaris that prevent them from being considered universities? | corporate element | [
"Madrasa\n\nMedievalist specialists who define the university as a legally autonomous corporation disagree with the term \"university\" for the Islamic madaris and jāmi‘ahs because the medieval university (from Latin universitas) was structurally different, being a legally autonomous corporation rather than a waqf ... |
572a790d74f2e11900503fdc | What do scholars that specialize in the medieval period describe madaris as? | Islamic college | [
"Madrasa\n\nMedievalist specialists who define the university as a legally autonomous corporation disagree with the term \"university\" for the Islamic madaris and jāmi‘ahs because the medieval university (from Latin universitas) was structurally different, being a legally autonomous corporation rather than a waqf ... |
572a790e74f2e11900503fdd | Who argues that madaris are not the same as traditional European universities? | Medievalist specialists | [
"Madrasa\n\nMedievalist specialists who define the university as a legally autonomous corporation disagree with the term \"university\" for the Islamic madaris and jāmi‘ahs because the medieval university (from Latin universitas) was structurally different, being a legally autonomous corporation rather than a waqf ... |
572a790e74f2e11900503fde | What are two examples of waqfs? | madrasa and jāmiʻah | [
"Madrasa\n\nMedievalist specialists who define the university as a legally autonomous corporation disagree with the term \"university\" for the Islamic madaris and jāmi‘ahs because the medieval university (from Latin universitas) was structurally different, being a legally autonomous corporation rather than a waqf ... |
572a7aff34ae481900deab39 | When did more madaris begin to form more rapidly? | 11th and 12th centuries | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in ... |
572a7aff34ae481900deab3a | Where are madaris considered less desirable? | Western Islamic lands | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in ... |
572a7aff34ae481900deab3b | When did the al-Qarawiyin officially become a university? | 1947 | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in ... |
572a7aff34ae481900deab3c | When the madaris are considered as a charity, who controls the school? | the donor | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in ... |
572a7aff34ae481900deab3d | What disciplines were introduced at al-Azhar in 1961? | economics, engineering, medicine, and agriculture | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in ... |
572a7cac111d821400f38b5c | What institutions have been considered to take some its ideas from madaris? | European university | [
"Madrasa\n\nNevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic... |
572a7cac111d821400f38b5d | What Eurpoean university practices are considered to be adapted from madaris? | degree and doctorate | [
"Madrasa\n\nNevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic... |
572a7cac111d821400f38b5e | How many corollaries dd Makdisi make between Islamic language and European educational practices? | eighteen | [
"Madrasa\n\nNevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic... |
572a7cac111d821400f38b5f | What freedom specifically did Makdisi believe European schools learned from Islamic traditions? | academic | [
"Madrasa\n\nNevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic... |
572a7cac111d821400f38b60 | What clothing practice did Makdisi believe European schools learned from madaris? | wearing academic robes | [
"Madrasa\n\nNevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic... |
572a7e1af75d5e190021faee | What other religion was considered to share parallels in teaching styles with the Muslim faith? | Christian | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, all of these facets of medieval university life are considered by standard scholarship to be independent medieval European developments with no tracable Islamic influence. Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on \... |
572a7e1af75d5e190021faef | What was Makdisi accused of doing when evaluating the parallels between European and Islamic schools? | overstating his case | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, all of these facets of medieval university life are considered by standard scholarship to be independent medieval European developments with no tracable Islamic influence. Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on \... |
572a7e1af75d5e190021faf0 | What is the European version of fiqh? | civil law | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, all of these facets of medieval university life are considered by standard scholarship to be independent medieval European developments with no tracable Islamic influence. Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on \... |
572a7e1af75d5e190021faf1 | What do scholars believe is the reason for similarities between Islamic and European schools? | parallel occurrence | [
"Madrasa\n\nHowever, all of these facets of medieval university life are considered by standard scholarship to be independent medieval European developments with no tracable Islamic influence. Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on \... |
572a7f2034ae481900deab4d | What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 1200s? | less than one percent | [
"Madrasa\n\nPrior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary ... |
572a7f2034ae481900deab4e | How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1400s? | over 8,000 | [
"Madrasa\n\nPrior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary ... |
572a7f2034ae481900deab4f | In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students? | al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ | [
"Madrasa\n\nPrior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary ... |
572a7f2034ae481900deab50 | How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami? | 1,075 | [
"Madrasa\n\nPrior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary ... |
572a8012be1ee31400cb8043 | What disciplines were women trained in during the first century? | music, dancing and poetry | [
"Madrasa\n\nFrom around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achieveme... |
572a8012be1ee31400cb8044 | Who was the most well known female scholar in Islamic schools? | Shuhda | [
"Madrasa\n\nFrom around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achieveme... |
572a8012be1ee31400cb8045 | Where did Shuhda attend school? | Baghdad | [
"Madrasa\n\nFrom around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achieveme... |
572a8012be1ee31400cb8046 | When was formal education for Islamic women halted? | 1258 | [
"Madrasa\n\nFrom around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achieveme... |
572a8012be1ee31400cb8047 | During which Caliphate did Islamic women begin attending formal school? | Abbasid | [
"Madrasa\n\nFrom around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achieveme... |
572a8196be1ee31400cb8057 | What titles could women earn by going to Islamic schools? | scholars and teachers | [
"Madrasa\n\nAccording to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly famil... |
572a8196be1ee31400cb8058 | Who wanted to ensured that their daughters were educated in Islamic schools? | learned and scholarly families | [
"Madrasa\n\nAccording to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly famil... |
572a8196be1ee31400cb8059 | Why did the prophet Muhammad esteem women in Medina? | their desire for religious knowledge | [
"Madrasa\n\nAccording to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly famil... |
572a8196be1ee31400cb805a | Who created a pathway for education for women in the Islamic world? | Muhammad's wives | [
"Madrasa\n\nAccording to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly famil... |
572a8196be1ee31400cb805b | Which one of Muhammad's wives had a particular impact on his view of women and education? | Khadijah | [
"Madrasa\n\nAccording to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly famil... |
572a84d3f75d5e190021fb38 | Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris? | Ottomans | [
"Madrasa\n\n\"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam.\" \"When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fa... |
572a84d3f75d5e190021fb39 | How many madaris were started by Mehmed the Conqueror? | eight | [
"Madrasa\n\n\"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam.\" \"When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fa... |
572a84d3f75d5e190021fb3a | How would a student matriculate to the next level of schooling in the Ottoman Empire? | complete the classes in the lower one | [
"Madrasa\n\n\"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam.\" \"When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fa... |
572a84d3f75d5e190021fb3b | Where were Ottoman madaris built? | near mosques | [
"Madrasa\n\n\"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam.\" \"When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fa... |
572a84d3f75d5e190021fb3c | When was the first Ottoman madrasa built? | 1331 | [
"Madrasa\n\n\"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam.\" \"When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fa... |
572a85df111d821400f38bac | What was the essential mission of Islamic schools in the Ottoman Empire? | spiritual learning | [
"Madrasa\n\nAlthough Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. \"The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowl... |
572a85df111d821400f38bad | Why was philosophy taught in Ottoman madaris? | confirm the doctrines of Islam | [
"Madrasa\n\nAlthough Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. \"The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowl... |
572a85df111d821400f38bae | What type of social structure did the Ottoman Empire have? | pluralistic | [
"Madrasa\n\nAlthough Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. \"The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowl... |
572a85df111d821400f38baf | What religion was at the center of education in the Ottoman Empire? | Islam | [
"Madrasa\n\nAlthough Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. \"The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowl... |
572a85df111d821400f38bb0 | What did Ottoman madaris have that was similar to modern American schools? | wide range of studies | [
"Madrasa\n\nAlthough Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. \"The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowl... |
572a875f111d821400f38bca | What kind of social service was provided through the madaris? | aid to the poor through soup kitchens | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastru... |
572a875f111d821400f38bcb | What had a hold over social life in the Ottoman Empire as well as other cultures? | religion | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastru... |
572a875f111d821400f38bcc | Where did students learn about religious and social norms? | medreses | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastru... |
572a875f111d821400f38bcd | What practice was desired through connecting religion and schools? | Islamic orthodoxy | [
"Madrasa\n\nAs with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastru... |
572a8990f75d5e190021fb56 | What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India? | Deobandis | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis... |
572a8990f75d5e190021fb57 | What is the largest school for Barelvis people in India? | Jamia Nayeemia Muradabad | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis... |
572a8990f75d5e190021fb58 | What disciplines does India want to introduce to madaris? | Mathematics, Computers and science | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis... |
572a8990f75d5e190021fb59 | In what year did the Indian government begin to stop recognizing madaris as schools? | 2015 | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis... |
572a8990f75d5e190021fb5a | What problems are arising due to the political conflicts over schools? | Hindu-Muslim friction | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis... |
572a8a8034ae481900deab67 | How many Muslim students are there in Kerala? | over 500,000 | [
"Madrasa\n\nToday, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religiou... |
572a8a8034ae481900deab68 | How many Muslim teachers are there in Kerala? | 6,000 | [
"Madrasa\n\nToday, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religiou... |
572a8a8034ae481900deab69 | Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools? | State-appointed committees | [
"Madrasa\n\nToday, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religiou... |
572a8a8034ae481900deab6a | What types of programs provide traditional Islamic teaching? | after-school | [
"Madrasa\n\nToday, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religiou... |
572a8a8034ae481900deab6b | What is the format of school for girls and boys? | co-educational | [
"Madrasa\n\nToday, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religiou... |
572a8c0c111d821400f38bda | Who decides if Muslims attend secular schools or traditional madaris? | students | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In c... |
572a8c0c111d821400f38bdb | What are madaris referred to as in Indonesia and Malaysia? | Sekolah Agama | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In c... |
572a8c0c111d821400f38bdc | What region of the Philippines has a large Muslim population? | Mindanao | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In c... |
572a8c0c111d821400f38bdd | What region of Thailand has madaris? | southern | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In c... |
572a8cd234ae481900deab71 | How many madrasahs are in Sinagapore? | six | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Studen... |
572a8cd234ae481900deab72 | What program is being installed in madrasahs in Singapore? | International Baccalaureate | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Studen... |
572a8cd234ae481900deab73 | What year is it planned for IB programs to be in place at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah? | 2019 | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Studen... |
572a8cd234ae481900deab74 | What will the uniform be at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah? | the songkok for boys and tudong for girls | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Studen... |
572a8e06f75d5e190021fb68 | How many regions in Singapore have widely accepted madaris? | 16 | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state s... |
572a8e06f75d5e190021fb69 | What law protects the teaching of Arabic and Islamic traditions in Mindanao? | Department Order No. 51 | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state s... |
572a8e06f75d5e190021fb6a | What religion do most people practice in Mindanao? | Muslim | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state s... |
572a8e06f75d5e190021fb6b | What curriculum is used in non public madaris in Mindanao? | Standard Madrasa Curriculum (SMC) | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state s... |
572a8e06f75d5e190021fb6c | When did madaris become more accepted in Mindanao? | 2004 | [
"Madrasa\n\nIn 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state s... |
572a8ec3be1ee31400cb808d | When was the first madrasa started in North America? | 1983 | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakari... |
572a8ec3be1ee31400cb808e | What country has many students that attend Al-Rashid Islamic Institute? | US | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakari... |
572a8ec3be1ee31400cb808f | Where is Al-Rashid Islamic Institute? | Cornwall, Ontario | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakari... |
572a8ec3be1ee31400cb8090 | What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef start? | AlMaghrib Institute | [
"Madrasa\n\nThe first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakari... |
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