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572f19dc03f9891900756b92
When did the Spanish-American war occur?
in 1898
[ "Modern_history\n\nWhen the Central Junta fell to the French, numerous new Juntas appeared all across the Americas, eventually resulting in a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina and Chile in the south, to Mexico in the north. After the death of the king Ferdinand VII, in 1833, only Cuba a...
572f19dc03f9891900756b93
Where were the Portuguese capacities centralized?
Salvador
[ "Modern_history\n\nWhen the Central Junta fell to the French, numerous new Juntas appeared all across the Americas, eventually resulting in a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina and Chile in the south, to Mexico in the north. After the death of the king Ferdinand VII, in 1833, only Cuba a...
572f1b26cb0c0d14000f177c
When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second?
around 1850
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generat...
572f1b26cb0c0d14000f177d
What caused technological and economical progress?
development of steam-powered ships and railways
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generat...
572f1b26cb0c0d14000f177e
The 19th century was also known as?
the internal combustion engine and electric power generation.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generat...
572f1b26cb0c0d14000f177f
What was the second industrial revolution was labeled?
separate Technical Revolution
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generat...
572f1cbca23a5019007fc49b
What is industrialization?
social and economic change
[ "Modern_history\n\nIndustrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technologica...
572f1cbca23a5019007fc49c
During industrialization a human group is turned into what?
from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one.
[ "Modern_history\n\nIndustrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technologica...
572f1cbca23a5019007fc49d
industrialization is a subdivision of what general process?
technological innovation
[ "Modern_history\n\nIndustrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technologica...
572f1de804bcaa1900d7674f
When did the modern petroleum industry start?
1846
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available \"rock oil\" (\"petr-oleum\") se...
572f1de804bcaa1900d76750
What started the modern petroleum industry ?
the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available \"rock oil\" (\"petr-oleum\") se...
572f1de804bcaa1900d76751
Who discovered the process of refining kerosene from coal?
Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available \"rock oil\" (\"petr-oleum\") se...
572f1de804bcaa1900d76752
Who improved Gesner's of refining kerosene from coal?
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available \"rock oil\" (\"petr-oleum\") se...
572f1de804bcaa1900d76753
Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?
Bóbrka
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available \"rock oil\" (\"petr-oleum\") se...
572f1f9004bcaa1900d76759
In what fields did achievements occur during the revolution?
electrification to developments in materials science.
[ "Modern_history\n\nEngineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinni...
572f1f9004bcaa1900d7675a
What did the advancements during the revolution improve for people?
quality of life
[ "Modern_history\n\nEngineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinni...
572f1f9004bcaa1900d7675b
What did Lewis Paul invent?
roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill.
[ "Modern_history\n\nEngineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinni...
572f1f9004bcaa1900d7675c
In what period did James Lewis invent the 'Roller Spinning"?
the first revolution
[ "Modern_history\n\nEngineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinni...
572f1f9004bcaa1900d7675d
Who improved the steam engine?
Matthew Boulton and James Watt
[ "Modern_history\n\nEngineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinni...
572f20af04bcaa1900d76763
Thomas Edison is credited with?
the creation of the first industrial research laboratory
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply net...
572f20af04bcaa1900d76764
What Did Thomas Edison switch to in 1882?
the world's first large-scale electrical supply network
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply net...
572f20af04bcaa1900d76765
How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?
110 volts
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply net...
572f20af04bcaa1900d76766
How many customers were supplied by Thomas Edison's electrical supply network?
fifty-nine
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply net...
572f20af04bcaa1900d76767
Where was Thomas Edison's electrical supply network located?
lower Manhattan
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply net...
572f21aea23a5019007fc4ab
When did the European revolutions occur?
1848
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French R...
572f21aea23a5019007fc4ac
What are European revolutions known as in other countries?
Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French R...
572f21aea23a5019007fc4ad
In what country did the revolutions begin?
France
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French R...
572f21aea23a5019007fc4ae
How many people were estimated to be killed in the revolutions?
tens of thousands
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French R...
572f2a9bb2c2fd1400567f51
What did the reformers look to to solve social problems?
Scientific Revolution and industrial progress
[ "Modern_history\n\nFollowing the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation,...
572f2a9bb2c2fd1400567f52
What is Newton Natural philosophy?
a coherent system of verifiable predictions
[ "Modern_history\n\nFollowing the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation,...
572f2a9bb2c2fd1400567f53
What did Newton's Nataural philosophy replace?
reliance on revelation and inspired truth.
[ "Modern_history\n\nFollowing the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation,...
572f2a9bb2c2fd1400567f54
What did Newton's philosophy do when applied to life,
yielded several successful campaigns for changes in social policy.
[ "Modern_history\n\nFollowing the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation,...
572f2be3b2c2fd1400567f59
Under whom was Russia declared an empire?
Peter I
[ "Modern_history\n\nUnder Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland...
572f2be3b2c2fd1400567f5a
In what year was Russia declared an empire?
1721
[ "Modern_history\n\nUnder Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland...
572f2be3b2c2fd1400567f5b
Through what period did Peter I rule?
1682 to 1725
[ "Modern_history\n\nUnder Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland...
572f2be3b2c2fd1400567f5c
Who did Peter I defeat in the Great Northern War?
Sweden
[ "Modern_history\n\nUnder Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland...
572f2be3b2c2fd1400567f5d
What did Peter I found on the Baltic Sea?
a new capital called Saint Petersburg
[ "Modern_history\n\nUnder Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland...
572f2d7e04bcaa1900d7676d
What was the Victorian era of the United Kingdom?
the period of Queen Victoria's reign
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educa...
572f2d7e04bcaa1900d7676e
Through what Period did Queen Victoria reign?
1837 to January 1901
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educa...
572f2d7e04bcaa1900d7676f
What did the people consider Queen Victoria reign to be?
a long period of prosperity for the British people
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educa...
572f2d7e04bcaa1900d76770
How far back would some scholars extend Victoria's reign?
five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educa...
572f2fa3a23a5019007fc4bb
What did defeating Napoleon leave Britain without?
any serious international rival
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn Britain's \"imperial century\", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of \"sple...
572f2fa3a23a5019007fc4bc
Why did Britain adopt the role of Global Policemen?
Unchallenged at sea
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn Britain's \"imperial century\", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of \"sple...
572f2fa3a23a5019007fc4bd
Britain adopting the role as global policeman is known as
Pax Britannica
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn Britain's \"imperial century\", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of \"sple...
572f2fa3a23a5019007fc4be
What was Britain's foreign policy called?
splendid isolation
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn Britain's \"imperial century\", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of \"sple...
572f2fa3a23a5019007fc4bf
Britain's dominant position in the world trade allowed them to do what?
effectively controlled the economies of many nominally independent countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam
[ "Modern_history\n\nIn Britain's \"imperial century\", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of \"sple...
572f30b604bcaa1900d7677f
What was British imperial strength replace by?
steamship and the telegraph
[ "Modern_history\n\nBritish imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Lin...
572f30b604bcaa1900d76780
When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?
the second half of the 19th century
[ "Modern_history\n\nBritish imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Lin...
572f30b604bcaa1900d76781
What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?
a network of telegraph cables
[ "Modern_history\n\nBritish imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Lin...
572f30b604bcaa1900d76782
How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?
458 million
[ "Modern_history\n\nBritish imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Lin...
572f30b604bcaa1900d76783
When did the British establish colonies in Australia?
1788
[ "Modern_history\n\nBritish imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Lin...
572f3211b2c2fd1400567f6d
The Bourbon Restoration followed what event?
Napoleon I of France
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the R...
572f3211b2c2fd1400567f6e
What is the Bourbon Restoration?
Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the R...
572f3211b2c2fd1400567f6f
What is the July Monarchy?
a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the R...
572f3211b2c2fd1400567f70
What is the second empires?
the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the R...
572f3211b2c2fd1400567f71
Through what period did the second empire last?
1852 to 1870
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the R...
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e3
What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war?
France and Prussia
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification o...
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e4
Name one of the groups who backed Prussia in the Franco-Russian war?
North German Confederation
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification o...
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e5
What did the Prussian and German victory mark?
final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification o...
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e6
Prussia claimed almost all of what territory?
Alsace-Lorraine
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification o...
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e7
Prussia retained most of Alsace-Lorraine up until what event?
World War I.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification o...
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8b
Why did European powers lay claim to areas Africa?
exhibit a sphere of influence over the area
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the ma...
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8c
What did the European powers need to make their claim over these areas legitimate?
These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the ma...
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8d
What do European powers that exibit their control ovet an area accept?
mandate to rule that region as a national colony.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the ma...
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8e
How did the claims on the areas in Africa benefit the European powers?
colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the ma...
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8f
What was the colonial experience for Africans described as?
hell on earth.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the ma...
572f394ba23a5019007fc4ed
What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?
one-fifth
[ "Modern_history\n\nAt the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-ninete...
572f394ba23a5019007fc4ee
What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?
they were dividing an unknown continent.
[ "Modern_history\n\nAt the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-ninete...
572f394ba23a5019007fc4ef
When did European countries establish colonies in Africa?
the mid-nineteenth century,
[ "Modern_history\n\nAt the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-ninete...
572f394ba23a5019007fc4f0
Europe did not feel the need to posses territory in Africa until?
1880s
[ "Modern_history\n\nAt the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-ninete...
572f394ba23a5019007fc4f1
How did maps show Africa Before 1880?
generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.
[ "Modern_history\n\nAt the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-ninete...
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f95
Through what period did European powers expand control in Africa?
1880s to 1914
[ "Modern_history\n\nFrom the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to...
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f96
What was Europe competing for?
Africa’s land and resources.
[ "Modern_history\n\nFrom the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to...
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f97
What did Great Britain control?
various colonial holdings in East Africa
[ "Modern_history\n\nFrom the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to...
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f98
Where in Africa did the French have control?
West Africa
[ "Modern_history\n\nFrom the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to...
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f99
Where in Africa did Portuguese have control?
southern Africa
[ "Modern_history\n\nFrom the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to...
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b1
What was the Meija era marked by?
the reign of the Meiji Emperor
[ "Modern_history\n\nAround the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means \"Enlightened Rule\". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860...
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b2
How did Japan rise to be a world power during the Meja era?
modernization
[ "Modern_history\n\nAround the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means \"Enlightened Rule\". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860...
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b3
What does "Meija era"
Enlightened Rule
[ "Modern_history\n\nAround the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means \"Enlightened Rule\". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860...
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b4
When did the Meija restoration begin?
1860s
[ "Modern_history\n\nAround the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means \"Enlightened Rule\". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860...
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b5
What did Irokawa Daikichi act out against?
bureaucratic superstate
[ "Modern_history\n\nAround the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means \"Enlightened Rule\". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860...
572f3f15947a6a140053c80c
Laws mandated that every able bodies Japanese citizen do what?
serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves.
[ "Modern_history\n\nLaws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, i...
572f3f15947a6a140053c80d
Who initially rejected the Japanese laws mandating military service?
peasant and warrior alike.
[ "Modern_history\n\nLaws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, i...
572f3f15947a6a140053c80e
What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law?
ketsu-eki
[ "Modern_history\n\nLaws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, i...
572f3f15947a6a140053c80f
Who did the Japanese form their military forces after?
French military
[ "Modern_history\n\nLaws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, i...
572f3f15947a6a140053c810
Where was the military academy located?
Kyoto
[ "Modern_history\n\nLaws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, i...
572f403e04bcaa1900d767d7
What is the antebellum age?
a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–N...
572f403e04bcaa1900d767d8
When did the civil was begin?
1861
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–N...
572f403e04bcaa1900d767d9
When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun?
with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–N...
572f403e04bcaa1900d767da
What did The Antebellum age mark?
the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.
[ "Modern_history\n\nThe Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–N...
572f427604bcaa1900d767f1
What did northern leaders agree on about slavery?
all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.
[ "Modern_history\n\nNorthern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armi...
572f427604bcaa1900d767f2
What did Lincoln do well in the war?
mobilizing support for the war goals
[ "Modern_history\n\nNorthern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armi...
572f427604bcaa1900d767f3
Why couldn't the confederacy defend their ports?
The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend
[ "Modern_history\n\nNorthern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armi...
572f427604bcaa1900d767f4
The south could barely do what for their souldiers?
feed and clothe
[ "Modern_history\n\nNorthern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armi...
572f427604bcaa1900d767f5
General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy?
the East
[ "Modern_history\n\nNorthern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armi...
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fa9
What happened in the Glided Age/
extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class
[ "Modern_history\n\nDuring the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial ...
572f4433b2c2fd1400567faa
In what time period did the Glided Age occur?
late 19th century
[ "Modern_history\n\nDuring the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial ...
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fab
Where did the wealth of the Glided Age come form?
industrial and population expansion.
[ "Modern_history\n\nDuring the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial ...
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fac
What did Financiers refer to rich industrialist as?
robber barons
[ "Modern_history\n\nDuring the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial ...
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fad
What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?
effective tactics and aggressive practices
[ "Modern_history\n\nDuring the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial ...