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573392424776f41900660d83
How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received?
It has been severely criticized
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nIn physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagr...
573392424776f41900660d84
What affect did the discovery of gravitational waves have on Whitehead's theory?
Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nIn physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagr...
573392424776f41900660d85
What are gravitational waves?
phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nIn physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagr...
573392424776f41900660d86
How must Whiteheads cosmology now be considered?
Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nIn physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagr...
573392424776f41900660d87
What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead?
Henry Stapp and David Bohm
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nIn physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagr...
5733938f4776f41900660db9
What was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author?
Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nThis work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Commu...
5733938f4776f41900660dba
On which economics book did Cobb collaborate with Herman Daly?
For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nThis work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Commu...
5733938f4776f41900660dbb
What award did Cobb and Daly receive for the book?
Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nThis work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Commu...
5733938f4776f41900660dbc
What other economics book did Cobb go on to author?
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nThis work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Commu...
5733938f4776f41900660dbd
What was the goal of Cobb's second book on economics?
to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nThis work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Commu...
5733948e4776f41900660dd2
Who established the FEELS model in China?
Xie Bangxiu
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nAnother model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. \"FEELS\" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understand...
5733948e4776f41900660dd3
What does "FEELS" stand for?
Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nAnother model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. \"FEELS\" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understand...
5733948e4776f41900660dd4
What is the purpose of the FEELS model?
It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole."
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nAnother model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. \"FEELS\" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understand...
5733948e4776f41900660dd5
What entities are working together to promote the FEELS model?
Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nAnother model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. \"FEELS\" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understand...
5733971d4776f41900660e08
What business fields has Whitehead influenced?
philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nWhitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discours...
5733971d4776f41900660e09
What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?
Mark Dibben
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nWhitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discours...
5733971d4776f41900660e0a
What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration?
"applied process thought"
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nWhitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discours...
5733971d4776f41900660e0b
According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science?
this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nWhitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discours...
5733971d4776f41900660e0c
In what fields has Dibben published two books and other papers?
philosophy of management and business ethics
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nWhitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discours...
57339840d058e614000b5e4c
What is Mary Parker Follett known for?
pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nMargaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that \"understa...
57339840d058e614000b5e4d
What do Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton view as commonalities between Whitehead and Follett?
ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nMargaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that \"understa...
57339840d058e614000b5e4e
What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?
Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
[ "Alfred_North_Whitehead\n\nMargaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that \"understa...
573016fb947a6a140053d0b4
What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
tuberculosis
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
573016fb947a6a140053d0b5
What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?
overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
573016fb947a6a140053d0b6
In which century were antibiotics first introduced?
20th century
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
573016fb947a6a140053d0b7
What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
World Health Organization
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
573016fb947a6a140053d0b8
What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics?
anyone, of any age, in any country
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5730ba2f396df919000962ec
In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?
20th
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5730ba2f396df919000962ed
What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?
vaccination
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5730ba2f396df919000962ee
What does there medicines do for livestock?
develop resistance
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5730ba2f396df919000962ef
What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
World Health Organization
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5730ba2f396df919000962f0
Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause?
antibiotic resistance
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422341
When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine?
20th century
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422342
What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?
develop resistance
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422343
What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
World Health Organization
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422344
What regions in the world does this apply in?
every region of the world
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5732843bb3a91d1900202df7
When were antibiotics created?
20th century
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5732843bb3a91d1900202df8
What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?
tuberculosis
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5732843bb3a91d1900202df9
Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?
livestock raising
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
5732843bb3a91d1900202dfa
What is a common problem in antibiotic use?
antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistan...
573018d5947a6a140053d0e4
What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?
empirical therapy
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573018d5947a6a140053d0e5
Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing?
laboratory
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573018d5947a6a140053d0e6
What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy?
broad spectrum antibiotic
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573018d5947a6a140053d0e7
At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy?
While the microorgainsim is being identified
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573018d5947a6a140053d0e8
How long does the identification process take?
several days
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d82
What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet?
broad spectrum antibiotic
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d83
What happens in empirical therapy?
a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d84
When is empirical started?
before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim
[ "Antibiotics\n\nIn empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection u...
57301a6b04bcaa1900d7719f
What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics?
fever and nausea
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a0
What causes diarrhea?
disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a1
What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?
yeast
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a2
What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage?
a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a3
What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics?
alter the host microbiota
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4e
What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans?
negative effects
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4f
What do antibiotics need approval for?
clinical use
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc50
What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used?
microbial organisms
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc51
Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect?
Adverse effects
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc52
What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics?
host microbiota
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57328a33b3a91d1900202e29
Why are antibiotics checked before use?
negative effects on humans or other mammals
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2a
Name some adverse effects?
fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2b
Name some side-effects?
diarrhea
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2c
What can happen to vaginal flora?
overgrowth of yeast
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2d
What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs?
Additional side-effects
[ "Antibiotics\n\nAntibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very seriou...
57301bfca23a5019007fcd81
What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age?
increased body mass
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57301bfca23a5019007fcd82
What does STAT stand for?
subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57301bfca23a5019007fcd83
What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT?
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57301bfca23a5019007fcd84
Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans?
unclear
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57301bfca23a5019007fcd85
Why do physicians use antibiotics on infants when the relationship has been proven?
weighed against the beneficial effects
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57328cf2b3a91d1900202e33
What can happen if people are exposed to antibiotics at a young age?
increased body mass
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57328cf2b3a91d1900202e34
When do intestinal microbiota develop?
Early life
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57328cf2b3a91d1900202e35
Do antibiotics increase the chance of getting fat for humans?
unclear
[ "Antibiotics\n\nExposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicilli...
57302106a23a5019007fcdf7
Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills?
The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
57302106a23a5019007fcdf8
What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to antibiotics?
about 1%
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
57302106a23a5019007fcdf9
What are the potential effects on intestinal flora?
reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
57302106a23a5019007fcdfa
Have these potential effects been proven through testing?
inconclusive and controversial
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
57302106a23a5019007fcdfb
What do physicians recommend to counteract this potential issue?
extra contraceptive measures
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
5731bd47e99e3014001e6236
What do antibiotics interfere with?
contraceptive pills
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
5731bd47e99e3014001e6237
What percent is the failure rate of contraceptive pills?
about 1%
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
5731bd47e99e3014001e6238
Whhat does intestinal flora reduce?
absorption of estrogens
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
5731bd47e99e3014001e6239
In therapy, what does the antibacterial interact with?
oral contraceptives
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
573296880342181400a2027d
Do antibiotics mess with birth control pills?
antibiotics do interfere
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
573296880342181400a2027e
What is birth control failure rate due to antibiotics?
about 1%
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
573296880342181400a2027f
What should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills?
extra contraceptive measures
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control ...
57302230a23a5019007fce13
What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics?
decreased effectiveness
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
57302230a23a5019007fce14
Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol?
moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
57302230a23a5019007fce15
Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic?
there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
57302230a23a5019007fce16
How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed?
widespread
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
5731be590fdd8d15006c64e1
What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause?
decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
5731be590fdd8d15006c64e2
What is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics?
alcohol consumption
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
5731be590fdd8d15006c64e3
What belief should bever be mixed widespread?
alcohol and antibiotics
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
573299421d5d2e14009ff861
What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness?
alcohol
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
573299421d5d2e14009ff862
What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol?
specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
573299421d5d2e14009ff863
Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics?
alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed
[ "Antibiotics\n\nInteractions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumptio...
5731bff5e17f3d1400422397
What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what?
bacterial growth phase
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...
5731bff5e17f3d1400422398
What does this eliminate?
bacterial infection
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...
5731bff5e17f3d1400422399
What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity?
division of bacterial cells
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...
5731bff5e17f3d140042239a
What does the activity of antibacterials depends on?
concentration
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...
5733b31dd058e614000b609e
What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail?
host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...
5733b31dd058e614000b609f
What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon?
concentration
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...
5733b31dd058e614000b60a0
How do you predict the clinical result?
several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy
[ "Antibiotics\n\nThe successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend...