id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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5730b7842461fd1900a9cfdf | Where were dead Sumerians buried? | outside the city walls in graveyards | [
"Sumer\n\nIt was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along w... |
5730b7842461fd1900a9cfe0 | Who was Queen Puabi accompanied in death by? | her servants | [
"Sumer\n\nIt was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along w... |
5730b7842461fd1900a9cfe1 | What type of instrument are the Sumerians thought to have invented to use at royal funerals? | oboe-like | [
"Sumer\n\nIt was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along w... |
5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fa | When do the pictograms suggest Sumerians had domesticated livestock? | Uruk period | [
"Sumer\n\nIn the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and \"woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the ... |
5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fb | What was the primary purpose of oxen for Sumerians? | beasts of burden | [
"Sumer\n\nIn the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and \"woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the ... |
5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fc | What animal did Sumerians use primary to facilitate transportation? | donkeys | [
"Sumer\n\nIn the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and \"woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the ... |
5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fd | What might be found by the side of a Sumerian house? | enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants | [
"Sumer\n\nIn the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and \"woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the ... |
5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fe | Where were plants also grown besides the garden? | pots or vases | [
"Sumer\n\nIn the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and \"woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the ... |
5730b8f5396df919000962d8 | What was Sumerians one of the first societies known to consume? | beer | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic ... |
5730b8f5396df919000962d9 | What was the key ingredient in early Sumerian brews? | Cereals | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic ... |
5730b8f5396df919000962da | What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew? | wheat, barley, and mixed grain | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic ... |
5730b8f5396df919000962db | How important was beer brewing to Sumerians? | very important | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic ... |
5730b8f5396df919000962dc | What did Enkidu become and do after consuming seven jugs of beer? | expansive and sang with joy | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic ... |
5730b9a8396df919000962e2 | How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices? | from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac" | [
"Sumer\n\nAs is known from the \"Sumerian Farmer's Almanac\", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pi... |
5730b9a8396df919000962e3 | When would farmers flood their fields? | after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu | [
"Sumer\n\nAs is known from the \"Sumerian Farmer's Almanac\", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pi... |
5730b9a8396df919000962e4 | Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground? | kill weeds | [
"Sumer\n\nAs is known from the \"Sumerian Farmer's Almanac\", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pi... |
5730b9a8396df919000962e5 | How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground? | three times | [
"Sumer\n\nAs is known from the \"Sumerian Farmer's Almanac\", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pi... |
5730b9a8396df919000962e6 | The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop? | salt-tolerant barley | [
"Sumer\n\nAs is known from the \"Sumerian Farmer's Almanac\", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pi... |
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c71e | What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone? | was scarce | [
"Sumer\n\nAccording to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that \"Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towe... |
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c71f | How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut? | into blocks and seals | [
"Sumer\n\nAccording to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that \"Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towe... |
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c720 | What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians? | Brick | [
"Sumer\n\nAccording to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that \"Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towe... |
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c721 | What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have? | tower-like | [
"Sumer\n\nAccording to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that \"Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towe... |
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c722 | What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by? | objects that were deposited under them | [
"Sumer\n\nAccording to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that \"Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towe... |
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c728 | What is the most impressive and famous style of Sumerian buildings? | the ziggurats | [
"Sumer\n\nThe most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch... |
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c729 | Sumerians also built houses from reeds not very different from ones built by inhabitants in Iraq as recently as when? | 400 CE | [
"Sumer\n\nThe most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch... |
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c72a | What development by the Sumerians allowed them to make use of domes? | the arch | [
"Sumer\n\nThe most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch... |
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c72b | How did the Sumerians build their strong domes? | by constructing and linking several arches | [
"Sumer\n\nThe most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch... |
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c72c | Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer? | Sumerian temples and palaces | [
"Sumer\n\nThe most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch... |
5730bbb2069b5314008322cd | What did the Sumerians a complex system of around 4000 BC? | metrology | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earlie... |
5730bbb2069b5314008322ce | From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines? | arithmetic, geometry, and algebra | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earlie... |
5730bbb2069b5314008322cf | Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables? | on clay tablets | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earlie... |
5730bbb2069b5314008322d0 | When was the abacus first seen between? | 2700 β 2300 BC | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earlie... |
5730bbb2069b5314008322d1 | What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics? | use a place value numeral system | [
"Sumer\n\nThe Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earlie... |
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c746 | What were the main types of loans in Sumerian society? | Commercial credit and agricultural consumer | [
"Sumer\n\nCommercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at th... |
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c747 | What was trade credit backed by when extended by temples? | silver | [
"Sumer\n\nCommercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at th... |
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c748 | How man shekel per mina was the interest rate for loans? | one | [
"Sumer\n\nCommercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at th... |
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c749 | For how long was the interest rate of Sumerian loans consistent? | about two thousand years | [
"Sumer\n\nCommercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at th... |
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c74a | What typically arose as a result of unpaid obligations? | Rural loans | [
"Sumer\n\nCommercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at th... |
5730bd1d396df91900096304 | What type of debt did "clean slate" decrees cancel? | rural | [
"Sumer\n\nPeriodically \"clean slate\" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military con... |
5730bd1d396df91900096305 | When did rulers typically proclaim "clean slate" decrees? | the first full year of their reign | [
"Sumer\n\nPeriodically \"clean slate\" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military con... |
5730bd1d396df91900096306 | Who made the first known clean slate decrees? | Enmetena and Urukagina | [
"Sumer\n\nPeriodically \"clean slate\" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military con... |
5730bd1d396df91900096307 | Why were the clean slate decrees useful to the rulers of Sumer? | to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force | [
"Sumer\n\nPeriodically \"clean slate\" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military con... |
5730bd1d396df91900096308 | What would happen if peasants couldn't repay their debts? | lost the subsistence land or became bondservants | [
"Sumer\n\nPeriodically \"clean slate\" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military con... |
5730bdce069b5314008322e1 | What contributed to developing military technology for Sumer? | almost constant wars | [
"Sumer\n\nThe almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash ... |
5730bdce069b5314008322e2 | How many years were the Sumerian city-states at war? | 2000 years | [
"Sumer\n\nThe almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash ... |
5730bdce069b5314008322e3 | Who was the first war between in 2525 BC? | Lagash and Umma | [
"Sumer\n\nThe almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash ... |
5730bdce069b5314008322e4 | What did the king of Lagash's army mostly consist of? | infantry | [
"Sumer\n\nThe almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash ... |
5730bdce069b5314008322e5 | What shape were the shields of the infantry of Lagash? | rectangular | [
"Sumer\n\nThe almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash ... |
5730c000396df91900096314 | When did evidence of wheeled vehicles appear throughout the world? | mid 4th millennium BC | [
"Sumer\n\nEvidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneif... |
5730c000396df91900096315 | What form did wheels initially take? | potter's wheel | [
"Sumer\n\nEvidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneif... |
5730c000396df91900096316 | The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it? | been deciphered | [
"Sumer\n\nEvidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneif... |
5730c000396df91900096317 | What did the Sumerians map stars into? | sets of constellations | [
"Sumer\n\nEvidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneif... |
5730c000396df91900096318 | How many planets were the Sumerians aware of? | five | [
"Sumer\n\nEvidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneif... |
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01522 | Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases? | base 10 and base 6 | [
"Sumer\n\nThey invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divi... |
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01523 | What type of number system was standard in Sumer and Babylonia? | sexagesimal | [
"Sumer\n\nThey invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divi... |
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01524 | What type of formations is it possible Sumerians invented? | military | [
"Sumer\n\nThey invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divi... |
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01525 | What systems did the Sumerians develop which remain the first known these types to this day? | legal and administrative | [
"Sumer\n\nThey invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divi... |
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01526 | In Sumerian society, who oversaw the operation of the first formal schools? | a city-state's primary temple | [
"Sumer\n\nThey invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divi... |
5730ae26396df91900096274 | What is the previous name of Tuvalu? | Ellice Islands | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTuvalu (i/tuΛΛvΙΛluΛ/ too-VAH-loo or /ΛtuΛvΙluΛ/ TOO-vΙ-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5Β° to 10Β° south and l... |
5730ae26396df91900096275 | In which ocean is Tuvalu found? | Pacific Ocean | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTuvalu (i/tuΛΛvΙΛluΛ/ too-VAH-loo or /ΛtuΛvΙluΛ/ TOO-vΙ-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5Β° to 10Β° south and l... |
5730ae26396df91900096276 | Between what land areas is Tuvalu located? | Hawaii and Australia | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTuvalu (i/tuΛΛvΙΛluΛ/ too-VAH-loo or /ΛtuΛvΙluΛ/ TOO-vΙ-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5Β° to 10Β° south and l... |
5730ae26396df91900096277 | According the the 2012 census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands? | 10,640 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTuvalu (i/tuΛΛvΙΛluΛ/ too-VAH-loo or /ΛtuΛvΙluΛ/ TOO-vΙ-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5Β° to 10Β° south and l... |
5730ae26396df91900096278 | What originally formed the Tuvalu islands? | reef | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTuvalu (i/tuΛΛvΙΛluΛ/ too-VAH-loo or /ΛtuΛvΙluΛ/ TOO-vΙ-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5Β° to 10Β° south and l... |
5730afad069b531400832255 | In what year was Tuvalu discovered by a European? | 1568 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn 1568, Spanish navigator Γlvaro de MendaΓ±a was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of E... |
5730afad069b531400832256 | Who was the discoverer of Tuvalu? | Γlvaro de MendaΓ±a | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn 1568, Spanish navigator Γlvaro de MendaΓ±a was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of E... |
5730afad069b531400832257 | What land mass was de Mendana actually seeking? | Terra Australis | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn 1568, Spanish navigator Γlvaro de MendaΓ±a was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of E... |
5730afad069b531400832258 | What was Tuvalu named in 1819? | Ellice Islands | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn 1568, Spanish navigator Γlvaro de MendaΓ±a was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of E... |
5730afad069b531400832259 | By what means did the British govern Tuvalu? | British protectorate | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn 1568, Spanish navigator Γlvaro de MendaΓ±a was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of E... |
5730b108069b531400832267 | How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area? | 3000 years | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabi... |
5730b108069b531400832268 | By what means did locale people travel between Pacific islands? | canoe | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabi... |
5730b108069b531400832269 | How many islands are in the Tuvalu group? | nine islands | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabi... |
5730b108069b53140083226a | On how many of Tuvalu's islands did people live? | Eight | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabi... |
5730b108069b53140083226b | What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu? | eight standing together | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabi... |
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b4 | What is the creation myth of Tuvalu? | te Pusi mo te Ali | [
"Tuvalu\n\nAn important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are im... |
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b5 | What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent? | flat atolls | [
"Tuvalu\n\nAn important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are im... |
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b6 | What does the eel of the Tuvalu creation myth represent? | coconut palms | [
"Tuvalu\n\nAn important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are im... |
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b7 | From what land did the people of Niutao believe they came? | Samoa | [
"Tuvalu\n\nAn important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are im... |
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b8 | From where did the people of the island of Nanumea think they came? | Tonga | [
"Tuvalu\n\nAn important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are im... |
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6be | What explorer traveled through the Tuvalu islands in 1764? | Captain John Byron | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCaptain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la RΓΊa sailed past on 5... |
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6bf | What was Captain Byron doing when he visited Tuvalu? | circumnavigation of the globe | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCaptain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la RΓΊa sailed past on 5... |
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c0 | How did Byron name the Tuvalu islands? | Lagoon Islands | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCaptain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la RΓΊa sailed past on 5... |
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c1 | Which island of Tuvalu was identified as the one that Mourelle sailed past in 1781? | Niutao | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCaptain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la RΓΊa sailed past on 5... |
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c2 | When were chronometers available for accurate location charting? | late 18th | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCaptain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la RΓΊa sailed past on 5... |
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03b | When did Arent Schuyler de Peyster visit Tuvalu? | May 1819 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Eng... |
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03c | Which of the Tuvalu isalnds did de Peyster see? | Nukufetau and Funafuti | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Eng... |
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03d | What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands? | Ellice's Island | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Eng... |
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03e | For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island? | Edward Ellice | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Eng... |
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03f | After Findlay's charting how many islands of the group were named Ellice? | all nine islands | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Eng... |
5730c03d069b5314008322fb | In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands? | 1862β63 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nFor less than a year between 1862β63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the \"blackbirding\" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the ext... |
5730c03d069b5314008322fc | What was the name applied to the trade of dealing with labor hunters? | blackbirding | [
"Tuvalu\n\nFor less than a year between 1862β63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the \"blackbirding\" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the ext... |
5730c03d069b5314008322fd | By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships? | tricks | [
"Tuvalu\n\nFor less than a year between 1862β63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the \"blackbirding\" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the ext... |
5730c03d069b5314008322fe | Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu? | Rev. A. W. Murray | [
"Tuvalu\n\nFor less than a year between 1862β63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the \"blackbirding\" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the ext... |
5730c03d069b5314008322ff | When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders? | 1863 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nFor less than a year between 1862β63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the \"blackbirding\" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the ext... |
5730c1ae396df91900096328 | When did Christianity arrive in Tuvalu? | 1861 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nChristianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Mis... |
5730c1ae396df91900096329 | What church deacon was washed ashore on Nukulaelae? | Elekana | [
"Tuvalu\n\nChristianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Mis... |
5730c1ae396df9190009632b | What missionary was the first European missionary to come to Tuvalu? | Rev. A. W. Murray | [
"Tuvalu\n\nChristianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Mis... |
5730c1ae396df9190009632c | Of what nationality were most of the ministers of the Church of Tuvalu? | Samoans | [
"Tuvalu\n\nChristianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Mis... |
5730c30bf6cb411900e24460 | In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu? | mid-19th | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTrading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramo... |
5730c30bf6cb411900e24461 | What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu? | palagi traders | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTrading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramo... |
5730c30bf6cb411900e24462 | Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu? | John (also known as Jack) O'Brien | [
"Tuvalu\n\nTrading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramo... |
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