id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57313024e6313a140071ccdf | What was damaged by building of the war time air field? | Funafuti Lagoon | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funa... |
57313024e6313a140071cce0 | What has the pits from the Tuvalu air runways construction impacted? | fresh-water aquifer | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funa... |
57313024e6313a140071cce1 | What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu? | New Zealand Government | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funa... |
57313024e6313a140071cce2 | How much increase in land space did the filling of the borrow pits cause? | eight per cent | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funa... |
573131d905b4da19006bce7e | What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached? | 80 per cent | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El N... |
573131d905b4da19006bce7f | What increase caused by the El Ninos is responsible for the coral bleaching? | water temperature | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El N... |
573131d905b4da19006bce80 | What type of project has been started to rebuild the reefs at Tuvalu? | reef restoration | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El N... |
573131d905b4da19006bce81 | What has been investigated as a means of rebuilding the reefs at Tuvalu? | foraminifera | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El N... |
573131d905b4da19006bce82 | What is hoped will strengthen the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise? | ecosystem rehabilitation | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El N... |
5731335fe6313a140071ccf8 | What has been formed to protect the fish stocks in Tuvalu Lagoon? | Funafuti Conservation Area | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti ... |
5731335fe6313a140071ccf9 | What factor has caused an increased demand for fish? | rising population | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti ... |
5731335fe6313a140071ccfa | What has growth in population and poor sanitation caused? | pollution | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti ... |
5731335fe6313a140071ccfb | What organization has funded a waste management control plan on Tuvalu? | European Union | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti ... |
5731335fe6313a140071ccfc | What do imports produce on Tuvalu? | plastic waste | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti ... |
573134d3e6313a140071cd1e | What type of desalination is used on Funafuti? | Reverse osmosis | [
"Tuvalu\n\nReverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies wi... |
573134d3e6313a140071cd1f | How much water does the Funafuti plant produce? | 40 m3 per day | [
"Tuvalu\n\nReverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies wi... |
573134d3e6313a140071cd20 | At what storage point is R/O water production meant to be used? | below 30% | [
"Tuvalu\n\nReverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies wi... |
573134d3e6313a140071cd21 | What is the cost of R/O produced water? | A$3.50 per m3 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nReverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies wi... |
573134d3e6313a140071cd22 | What organization subsidizes the cost of water desalination? | government | [
"Tuvalu\n\nReverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies wi... |
573136bb497a881900248c55 | When did the UN ask Tuvalu to come up with a plan to improve drinking water? | July 2012 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the ... |
573136bb497a881900248c56 | What did Tuvalu develop as a safe water strategy? | National Water Resources Policy | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the ... |
573136bb497a881900248c57 | What is the per person per day targeted use of water for Tuvalu? | 50 and 100L | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the ... |
573136bb497a881900248c58 | What organization called for Tuvalu to improve its water and sanitation systems? | United Nations | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the ... |
573136bb497a881900248c59 | What group ultimately sponsored the Tuvalu water resources policy? | Global Environment Fund | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the ... |
57313831497a881900248c71 | What geological situation makes Tuvalu prone to storm damage? | low elevation | [
"Tuvalu\n\nBecause of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of... |
57313831497a881900248c72 | To what climate change condition does Tuvalu's low elevation make it susceptible? | sea level rise | [
"Tuvalu\n\nBecause of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of... |
57313831497a881900248c73 | What is the highest elevation on Tuvalu? | 4.6 metres | [
"Tuvalu\n\nBecause of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of... |
57313831497a881900248c74 | Where on Tuvalu is the highest elevation? | Niulakita | [
"Tuvalu\n\nBecause of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of... |
57313831497a881900248c75 | Where does Tuvalu rank among other countries as to lowest elevation? | second-lowest | [
"Tuvalu\n\nBecause of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of... |
573139b9497a881900248c85 | What cyclone badly damaged Funafuti? | Cyclone Bebe | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone... |
573139b9497a881900248c86 | What islet was damaged by Cyclone Meli in 1979? | Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone... |
573139b9497a881900248c87 | How many cyclones effected Tuvalu during the 1996-97 cyclone season? | three | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone... |
573139b9497a881900248c88 | What cyclone caused major damage to vegetation on all islands on Tuvalu? | Cyclone Ofa | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone... |
573139b9497a881900248c89 | What was the first cyclone to strike Tuvalu during the 1996-97 season? | Cyclone Gavin | [
"Tuvalu\n\nCyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone... |
57313b9a497a881900248ca3 | What were the wave heights during Cyclone Pam on Tuvalu? | 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui a... |
57313b9a497a881900248ca4 | In what year did Cyclone Pam strike Tuvalu? | March 2015 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui a... |
57313b9a497a881900248ca5 | During Cyclone Pam which island had the most damage? | Nui | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui a... |
57313b9a497a881900248ca6 | What percentage of Tuvalu crops were destroyed during Cyclone Pam? | 90% | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui a... |
57313b9a497a881900248ca7 | The loss of what caused the Vasafua islet to become a sand bar due to Cyclone Pam? | coconut palms | [
"Tuvalu\n\nIn March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui a... |
57313d51e6313a140071cd72 | What did the Tuvalu government assess after Cyclone Pam? | damage | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu ... |
57313d51e6313a140071cd73 | What event on Tuvalu made assistance to the population necessary? | Cyclone Pam | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu ... |
57313d51e6313a140071cd74 | What assistance did many international groups give to Tuvalu? | recovery | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu ... |
57313d51e6313a140071cd75 | For what action was government assistance necessary after the Tuvalu cyclone?? | cleaning-up | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu ... |
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdab | What subject is arguable concerning Tuvalu? | sea level | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degre... |
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdac | What was the amount of sea level change on Tuvalu estimated by the 2011 report? | 5 mm | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degre... |
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdad | What device was used to produce the measurements of sea level change on Tuvalu? | satellite | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degre... |
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdae | Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise? | pre-1993 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degre... |
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdaf | What is assumed about the sea level reports and records of Tuvalu? | degree of uncertainty | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degre... |
5731411605b4da19006bcf54 | What have the Tuvalu atolls displayed about sea level rise? | resilience | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp a... |
5731411605b4da19006bcf55 | What does gradual sea level rise allow for coral to increase? | reefs | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp a... |
5731411605b4da19006bcf56 | What sea level rise rate could cause more uncertainty to the welfare of coral reefs? | faster rate | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp a... |
5731411605b4da19006bcf57 | What condition besides sea level rise can damage coral reefs? | ocean acidification | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp a... |
5731411605b4da19006bcf58 | Where does sand and coral debris end up because of the action of cyclones? | on the islands | [
"Tuvalu\n\nThe atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp a... |
573142d9e6313a140071cd98 | What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu? | relocation | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhile some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 201... |
573142d9e6313a140071cd99 | What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population? | rising sea levels | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhile some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 201... |
573142d9e6313a140071cd9a | When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu? | 2006 | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhile some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 201... |
573142d9e6313a140071cd9b | What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be? | never be an option | [
"Tuvalu\n\nWhile some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 201... |
5730af4a069b53140083224b | What is the Immaculate Conception a representation of the avoidance of ? | original sin only | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the m... |
5730af4a069b53140083224c | What was Mary prevented from having to endure ? | Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the m... |
5730af4a069b53140083224d | Who was believed to have prevented this from occurring to Mary ? | privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the m... |
5730af4a069b53140083224e | What was the outcome of preventing Mary from having to endure such an injustice ? | Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin." | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the m... |
5730af4a069b53140083224f | What normally followed the delivery of a child by a woman in Mary time period ? | sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the m... |
5730b8da2461fd1900a9cff1 | Is it believed that Mary carried no transgression which would require blame ? | makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed:... |
5730b8da2461fd1900a9cff2 | How did the Church view Mary in regards to her personal sins ? | the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed:... |
5730b8da2461fd1900a9cff3 | What important announcement was made by the ecumenical council in regards to the decision on Mary ? | let him be anathema." | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed:... |
5730b8da2461fd1900a9cff4 | What was the name of the ecumenical council that made the decision ? | The Council of Trent | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed:... |
5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c714 | Is the view of the impregnation of Mary's pregnancy the same as the one held for the birth of her first child ? | doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the ... |
5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c715 | What is the view held at the Vatican regarding how Mary was actually given life into the world ? | Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the ... |
5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c716 | Who were the parents of Mary believed to be ? | Saint Joachim and Saint Anne | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the ... |
5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c717 | When were contradictory views to the belief of Mary's parentage struck down ? | 1677, the Holy See condemned the belief that Mary was virginally conceived, | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the ... |
5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c718 | When did these contradictory views start to emerge ? | since the 4th century | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the ... |
5730bc432461fd1900a9d021 | What did Mary supposedly not require that everyone else also required and why was this so ? | Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAnother misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was complet... |
5730bc432461fd1900a9d022 | What was explained by the man Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti who later became leader of the Holy Roman Church ? | dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAnother misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was complet... |
5730bc432461fd1900a9d023 | What is the child of Mary known to be famous for according to Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti ? | Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAnother misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was complet... |
5730bc432461fd1900a9d024 | According to the teaching of the Catholic religion is a savior for the world needed ? | Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAnother misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was complet... |
5730c36ab7151e1900c0152c | What Empire held Grecian teachers of the virginity of Mary's conception ? | Greek theologians of Byzantium | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the \"purification\" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2... |
5730c36ab7151e1900c0152d | Who gave a reason for the purging of evil for the Blessed Virgin and her first child ? | St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the \"purification\" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2... |
5730c36ab7151e1900c0152e | What procedure was being performed while he gave his reasoning ? | the circumcision | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the \"purification\" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2... |
5730c36ab7151e1900c0152f | Who was compelled to write of this instance that was also an author of one of the book of the Bible ? | Luke | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the \"purification\" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2... |
5730c36ab7151e1900c01530 | What became associated with the celebration of Mary's inception in the womb ? | purification was eventually associated with the feast of Mary's very conception | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the \"purification\" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2... |
5730c671aca1c71400fe5a9d | What proof do some believe is offered as to proof of Mary being the ultimate concept of pure? | include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as " | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that \"no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture\". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained ... |
5730c671aca1c71400fe5a9e | What phrases were used to describe Mary ? | in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that \"no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture\". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained ... |
5730c671aca1c71400fe5a9f | Who is often held as the model for all things holy and pure that is not Mary ? | Eve before the fall | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that \"no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture\". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained ... |
5730c671aca1c71400fe5aa0 | Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ? | St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that \"no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture\". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained ... |
5730c671aca1c71400fe5aa1 | What did this person also state about all of mankind in regards to wayward transgressions ? | his argument is that all men are sinners; | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that \"no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture\". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained ... |
5730ca8fb7151e1900c01536 | Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ? | Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAlthough the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scho... |
5730ca8fb7151e1900c01537 | What Byzantine Ruler ho ruled from from 527 to 565 was also a well trained thinker of concepts ? | Emperor Justinian I, | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAlthough the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scho... |
5730ca8fb7151e1900c01538 | In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary in his writings ? | to call Mary "prepurified" | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAlthough the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scho... |
5730ca8fb7151e1900c01539 | What event happened to Theotokos that was of significant religious note ? | she was "purified" at the Annunciation | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAlthough the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scho... |
5730ca8fb7151e1900c0153a | How did some view the the person whose name includes a Christian rite of passage from the Bible? | holier than all 'Men' born of woman | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nAlthough the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scho... |
5730e84cf6cb411900e2453c | What was widely observed in the eastern portion of the Byzantine world ? | the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nBy 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it... |
5730e84cf6cb411900e2453d | What was the name of this festival ? | under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nBy 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it... |
5730e84cf6cb411900e2453e | Was there anything in similarity that happened in the Western portion of the Empire ? If so who was it supported by? | In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nBy 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it... |
5730e84cf6cb411900e2453f | Who was against all of the celebrations of Mary 's her birth ? | Critics included Saints Bernard of Clairvaux, Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nBy 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it... |
5730e84cf6cb411900e24540 | According to some when is is possible for a Sanctified Mary to have emerged ? | out that sanctification could be conferred at the first moment of conception in view of the foreseen merits of Christ, a view held especially by Franciscans. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nBy 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it... |
5730eac6b7151e1900c015d0 | What happened on the final day of the month of love that was of significance was authorized by the Holy Roman Church leader ? | authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477 | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOn 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred ... |
5730eac6b7151e1900c015d1 | Who was the Holy Roman Church leader that authorized the change ? | Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOn 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred ... |
5730eac6b7151e1900c015d2 | What document made the authorization official ? | with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477 | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOn 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred ... |
5730eac6b7151e1900c015d3 | What word substitution did he use in the authorization to appease all of the worshipers and view points when speaking of the inception of Mary ? | but applied instead the adjective "miraculous" to her conception. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOn 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred ... |
5730eac6b7151e1900c015d4 | What was the opposite of a sinner who committed a venial type? It would be the most grave type of all . | mortally sinful | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOn 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred ... |
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