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5730ed13497a881900248a5d | What did a teacher of religion from the college that was named after a Dominican friar do in 1839 of historical note ? | published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIn 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrin... |
5730ed13497a881900248a5e | Who was the teacher who committed the act ? | Mariano Spada | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIn 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrin... |
5730ed13497a881900248a5f | What position was the teacher later given by the Holy Roman Church ? | appoint Spada Master of the Sacred Palace in 1867 | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIn 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrin... |
5730ed13497a881900248a60 | Who gave the teacher the new job ? | Pope Pius IX | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIn 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrin... |
5730ed13497a881900248a61 | What problem did the teacher's publication solve for the Holy Roman leader with act that was committed to do in response to the actions of the teacher ? | Pius IX was relieved of the problem of seeming to foster a doctrine not in agreement with the Aquinas' teaching. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIn 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrin... |
5730ef4105b4da19006bcc60 | Who began to query the position of the conception of Mary following the 11th century ? | St Bernard of Clairvaux | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropol... |
5730ef4205b4da19006bcc61 | Who did the query starter lay blame upon for the festivals that surrounded Mary's inception ? | St Bernard blames the canons of the metropolitan church of Lyon for instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropol... |
5730ef4205b4da19006bcc62 | What did the query starter believe to be the ultimate difficulty in accepting the a virgin conception of Mary ? | How can there be absence of sin where there is concupiscence (libido)? | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropol... |
5730ef4205b4da19006bcc63 | What did the query starter believe had been done by Mary's direct maternal line that contradict the conception theory of immaculate for Mary ? | conception in the active sense of the mother's cooperation | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropol... |
5730ef4205b4da19006bcc64 | Did the query starter believe that the festival for Mary's conception had authorization to be held ? | instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nIt seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropol... |
5730f13e497a881900248a7b | What did the the monk of minor believe to be true of Mary ? | that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she firs... |
5730f13e497a881900248a7c | What point did his argument attempt to bring to the masses ? | to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she first contracted it and then was delivered. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she firs... |
5730f13e497a881900248a7d | What did the monk of minor believe could alleviate the tension in the matter of the | Proposing a solution to the theological problem of reconciling the doctrine with that of universal redemption in Christ | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she firs... |
5730f13e497a881900248a7e | What consequences did he believe that this would have on Mary's reputation ? | immaculate conception did not remove her from redemption by Christ; | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she firs... |
5730f13e497a881900248a7f | How did monk of minor explain how the change in reputation could be of benefit to Mary ? | rather it was the result of a more perfect redemption granted her because of her special role in salvation history. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she firs... |
5730f375a5e9cc1400cdbb31 | Where did the mass majority stand in relation to having or not having the Mary inception festivals ? | Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nPopular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w... |
5730f375a5e9cc1400cdbb32 | How did the Holy Roman Church rule on the matter of the festivals ? | stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nPopular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w... |
5730f375a5e9cc1400cdbb33 | Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ? | end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nPopular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w... |
5730f375a5e9cc1400cdbb34 | In what year was the famous friar named Tom given a position as a saint of the Holy Roman Catholic Church ? | Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323 | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nPopular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w... |
5730f375a5e9cc1400cdbb35 | What happened to Tom at one of the 1567 that changed his title ? | declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567 | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nPopular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w... |
5730f90c497a881900248ab3 | What holy document takes the view of Mary back to the creation of man and woman ? | papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M... |
5730f90c497a881900248ab4 | What specific part the Bible does this document reference for Mary ? | Genesis 3:15 | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M... |
5730f90c497a881900248ab5 | According to the document what did the forebears already have knowledge of before Mary came about ? | the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M... |
5730f90c497a881900248ab6 | Where was Mary represented (according to the Holy document ) on the vessel that wandered the sea for forty days and forty nights ? | in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M... |
5730fa52e6313a140071cb26 | What sect often stands in disagreement over the virginal inception of Mary ? | Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nContemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an \"over-elaboration\" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the histo... |
5730fa52e6313a140071cb27 | What does this group believe of the story of a Virgin mother for Mary and those who follow its teaching ? | dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nContemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an \"over-elaboration\" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the histo... |
5730fa52e6313a140071cb28 | What in particular does the group feels is impossible to believe ? | because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nContemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an \"over-elaboration\" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the histo... |
5730fa52e6313a140071cb29 | What is the theological study of Mary called ? | Mariology | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nContemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an \"over-elaboration\" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the histo... |
5730fa52e6313a140071cb2a | What did this theological study do to set itself apart from the other groups ? | took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nContemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an \"over-elaboration\" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the histo... |
5730fc20e6313a140071cb30 | Who is the person that started the religion that separated itself from the Catholic Church in the 17th century ? | Martin Luther | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMartin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: \"Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permit... |
5730fc20e6313a140071cb31 | What did he do that sparked the separation from the Catholic Church ? | Protestant Reformation | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMartin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: \"Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permit... |
5730fc20e6313a140071cb32 | What did this leader of change believe of the conception of Mary ? | Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMartin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: \"Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permit... |
5730fc20e6313a140071cb33 | What did Mary's child avoid according to the leader of the separation ? | this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMartin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: \"Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permit... |
5730fc20e6313a140071cb34 | What particular sect is a patron of this belief ? | Some Lutherans, such as the members of the Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church, support the doctrine. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nMartin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: \"Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permit... |
5731036405b4da19006bccda | What was written by the a all inclusive group convened by the holy church centered in Rome ? | Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe report \"Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ\", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the anci... |
5731036405b4da19006bccdb | What document did this group create once it was convened ? | The report "Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ" | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe report \"Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ\", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the anci... |
5731036405b4da19006bccdc | What did the document attempt to clarify ? | teaching about Mary in the two definitions | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe report \"Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ\", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the anci... |
5731036405b4da19006bccdd | What was the final conclusion reached in the report by the group ? | Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe report \"Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ\", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the anci... |
5731036405b4da19006bccde | What type of interpretation did the group believe was of concern in regard to Mary ? | The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe report \"Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ\", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the anci... |
57310527e6313a140071cb56 | What religion is credited by some authors from the west for initiating the story of the conceiving of Mary ? | claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nSome Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, \"I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones\", George Sale stated: \... |
57310527e6313a140071cb57 | What do these authors use in the form of proof for credit given to the other religion ? | passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nSome Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, \"I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones\", George Sale stated: \... |
57310527e6313a140071cb58 | According to the teaching of this other religion what occurred to Mary during the birth of her first child ? | Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nSome Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, \"I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones\", George Sale stated: \... |
57310527e6313a140071cb59 | What does this other religion also state happens to everyone besides Mary and her First born child ? | every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nSome Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, \"I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones\", George Sale stated: \... |
57310527e6313a140071cb5a | What does the event cause to happen to everyone but Mary and her first born child ? | every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out, | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nSome Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, \"I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones\", George Sale stated: \... |
5731070b05b4da19006bcce4 | Does everyone agree on the credit that should be given for the story of Mary's inception ? | Others have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOthers have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine o... |
5731070b05b4da19006bcce5 | What does the book of Muslim faith state in regards to how every person is born ? | in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOthers have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine o... |
5731070b05b4da19006bcce6 | Does this view contradict the belief that Mary was also born to a virgin mother ? | her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine of original sin as no such doctrine exists in Islam | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOthers have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine o... |
5731070b05b4da19006bcce7 | What view did the Qua-ran take on the sinful ways in which Mary could have been conceived ? | Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOthers have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine o... |
5731070b05b4da19006bcce8 | What is the name of the prayer that is listed in the Qua-ran is used to enact a safeguard on kids from the the devil ? | Hannah's prayer in the Quran for her child to remain protected from Satan | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nOthers have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine o... |
573108b205b4da19006bcd00 | What did the writer of a 1788 multi-volumed text say concerning plagiarism and the Roman Catholic Church ? | The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception of his virgin mother | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nFurther claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching. In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in 1788, Edward Gibbon wrote: \"The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception o... |
573108b205b4da19006bcd01 | Who is the author of the texts entailed in the fifth part of the the collection about the Roman Catholic Church ? | Edward Gibbon | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nFurther claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching. In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in 1788, Edward Gibbon wrote: \"The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception o... |
573108b205b4da19006bcd02 | What was the group of volumes titled ? | Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nFurther claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching. In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in 1788, Edward Gibbon wrote: \"The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception o... |
573108b205b4da19006bcd03 | Where does the author state that the Roman Catholic Church received her facts and confirmations ? | Mohametan Bible | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nFurther claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching. In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in 1788, Edward Gibbon wrote: \"The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception o... |
57310b70497a881900248b23 | What color garment is used in traditional chants to represent the purity of Mary's conception ? | Your clothing is white as snow, | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: \"Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te\" (You are all beautiful, M... |
57310b70497a881900248b24 | The rituals for the correct way to enjoy Mass is listed in what text ? | The Roman Missal | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: \"Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te\" (You are all beautiful, M... |
57310b70497a881900248b25 | What official writings give specific prayers for each hours of the day for Catholics ? | Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: \"Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te\" (You are all beautiful, M... |
57310b70497a881900248b26 | What type of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic changes have been made by composers but are based on the works that are monophonic and unaccompanied sacred song? | polyphonic settings have been composed | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: \"Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te\" (You are all beautiful, M... |
57310cad05b4da19006bcd2a | What became very popular symbol among the who believed Mary had a Virgin for a mother ? | in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks ... |
57310cad05b4da19006bcd2b | What does Mary stand upon in this symbol? | moon is under her feet | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks ... |
57310cad05b4da19006bcd2c | What does Mary where atop her hair that twinkles in the symbol ? | a halo of twelve stars surround her head | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks ... |
57310cad05b4da19006bcd2d | What else can be found in the symbol with Mary that may vary in different versions ? | clouds, a golden light, and cherubs. In some paintings the cherubim are holding lilies and roses, flowers often associated with Mary. | [
"Immaculate_Conception\n\nThe popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks ... |
5730b68b069b5314008322a9 | What is the cost of primary and secondary education in Namibia? | free | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8%... |
5730b68b069b5314008322aa | How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in primary school? | 400,325 | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8%... |
5730b68b069b5314008322ab | How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in secondary schools? | 115,237 | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8%... |
5730b68b069b5314008322ac | What was the pupil-teacher ratio in Namibia in 1999? | 32:1 | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8%... |
5730b68b069b5314008322ad | What develops the curriculum as well as other educational resources in Namibia? | National Institute for Educational Development | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8%... |
5730b76c8ab72b1400f9c6e6 | What is the Afrikaans name for Namibia? | Namibië | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and Sou... |
5730b76c8ab72b1400f9c6e7 | Where in Africa is Namibia? | southern | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and Sou... |
5730b76c8ab72b1400f9c6e8 | What ocean borders Namibia? | Atlantic Ocean | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and Sou... |
5730b76c8ab72b1400f9c6e9 | How far away is Namibia to the Zambezi River? | 200 metres | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and Sou... |
5730b76c8ab72b1400f9c6ea | When did Namibia gain independence from South Africa? | 21 March 1990 | [
"Namibia\n\nNamibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and Sou... |
5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f0 | When did Bantu immigrate to Namibia? | 14th century | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I... |
5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f1 | When did Namibia become German Imperial protectorate? | 1884 | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I... |
5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f2 | When did Namibia stop being a German colony? | end of World War I | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I... |
5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f3 | What year did the League of Nations mandate Namibia to South Africa? | 1920 | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I... |
5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f4 | When did South Africa impose the apartheid policy on Namibia? | 1948 | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I... |
5730b8912461fd1900a9cfe7 | What does SWAPO stand for? | South West Africa People's Organisation | [
"Namibia\n\nUprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during th... |
5730b8912461fd1900a9cfe8 | When was SWAPO designated as the representative of Namibian people? | 1973 | [
"Namibia\n\nUprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during th... |
5730b8912461fd1900a9cfe9 | When Namibia was under South African administration, what was it called? | South-West Africa. | [
"Namibia\n\nUprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during th... |
5730b8912461fd1900a9cfea | Why did South Africa install an interim administration in Namibia? | internal violence | [
"Namibia\n\nUprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during th... |
5730b8912461fd1900a9cfeb | When did Namibia obtain full independence? | 1990 | [
"Namibia\n\nUprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during th... |
5730be1f8ab72b1400f9c750 | Orlam clans crossed which river to migrate to Namibia? | Orange River | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into th... |
5730be1f8ab72b1400f9c751 | What area of Namibia did Orlam clans settle in? | southern Namibia | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into th... |
5730be1f8ab72b1400f9c752 | When did Orlam clans settle in Namibia? | 18th century | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into th... |
5730be1f8ab72b1400f9c753 | When did the Nama-Herero war begin? | 1880 | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into th... |
5730be1f8ab72b1400f9c754 | Who deployed troops to start the Nama-Herero war? | Imperial Germany | [
"Namibia\n\nThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into th... |
5730cae6aca1c71400fe5acb | When did Bartolomeu Dias explore Namibia? | 1486 | [
"Namibia\n\nThe first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th centu... |
5730cae6aca1c71400fe5acc | What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from? | Portuguese | [
"Namibia\n\nThe first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th centu... |
5730cae6aca1c71400fe5acd | When did Diogo Cao explore Namibia? | 1485 | [
"Namibia\n\nThe first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th centu... |
5730cae6aca1c71400fe5ace | Along with Swedish settlers, what other country's settlers inhabited in Namibia first? | Germany | [
"Namibia\n\nThe first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th centu... |
5730cae6aca1c71400fe5acf | Settlers on their way to Angola settled in Namibia instead of going where? | Angola | [
"Namibia\n\nThe first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th centu... |
5730cea4aca1c71400fe5ad9 | Herero and what other group took action against German occupiers? | Namaqua | [
"Namibia\n\nFrom 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed. In the Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (a... |
5730cea4aca1c71400fe5ada | When did two clans take up action against the German occupiers? | 1904 to 1907 | [
"Namibia\n\nFrom 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed. In the Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (a... |
5730cea4aca1c71400fe5adb | What was the war against the German occupiers considered? | first genocide of the Twentieth Century | [
"Namibia\n\nFrom 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed. In the Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (a... |
5730cea4aca1c71400fe5adc | How many Herero's were killed in the war against German occupiers? | 65,000 | [
"Namibia\n\nFrom 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed. In the Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (a... |
5730cea4aca1c71400fe5add | How many Nama's were killed in the war against German occupiers? | 10,000 | [
"Namibia\n\nFrom 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed. In the Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (a... |
5730cf87b54a4f140068cc76 | When did South Africa occupy Namibia? | 1915 | [
"Namibia\n\nSouth Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, alt... |
5730cf87b54a4f140068cc77 | When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia? | 1946 | [
"Namibia\n\nSouth Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, alt... |
5730cf87b54a4f140068cc78 | Which council submitted petitions for Namibia's independence? | Herero Chief's Council | [
"Namibia\n\nSouth Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, alt... |
5730cf87b54a4f140068cc79 | When did European powers grant independence to their colonies in Africa? | 1960s | [
"Namibia\n\nSouth Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, alt... |
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