id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57333e3fd058e614000b57b5 | What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as? | Gallaecia | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman site... |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b6 | What are castros? | hill forts | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman site... |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b7 | What are two large Roman sites that still exist today in Portugal? | Conímbriga and Mirobriga | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman site... |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b8 | How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra? | 16 km | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman site... |
57333f25d058e614000b57be | How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths? | a few months | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pak... |
57333f25d058e614000b57bf | In what year did Portugal become a part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire? | 711 | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pak... |
57333f25d058e614000b57c0 | In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse? | 750 | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pak... |
57333f25d058e614000b57c1 | Under whom did the Western part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire gain its independence? | Abd-ar-Rahman | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pak... |
57333f25d058e614000b57c2 | How long did it take the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Codoba? | almost two centuries | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pak... |
57334124d058e614000b57dc | What were the governors of the taifas called? | Emir | [
"Portugal\n\nThe governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1... |
57334124d058e614000b57dd | Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations? | the Christian kingdoms of the north | [
"Portugal\n\nThe governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1... |
57334124d058e614000b57de | To which taifa did most of Portugal fall into? | Taifa of Badajoz | [
"Portugal\n\nThe governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1... |
57334124d058e614000b57df | In which year did the taifa period end? | 1086 | [
"Portugal\n\nThe governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1... |
57334124d058e614000b57e0 | Which battle took place in 1147? | Battle of Sagrajas | [
"Portugal\n\nThe governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1... |
573341b6d058e614000b57e6 | What are converts to Islam called? | Muwallad or Muladi | [
"Portugal\n\nThe Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were ... |
573341b6d058e614000b57e7 | Who did the Arabs principally consist of? | noblemen from Oman | [
"Portugal\n\nThe Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were ... |
573341b6d058e614000b57e8 | Where were the Berbers originally from? | Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa | [
"Portugal\n\nThe Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were ... |
573341b6d058e614000b57e9 | In which region of Portugal did the Muslim population stay? | Algarve region, and south of the Tagus | [
"Portugal\n\nThe Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were ... |
573341b6d058e614000b57ea | How many modern Portugese words have Arabic origins? | 800 | [
"Portugal\n\nThe Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were ... |
5733429d4776f419006607c8 | What was Pelayos' plan? | to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors | [
"Portugal\n\nPelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defea... |
5733429d4776f419006607c9 | Against which group of people was Pelayos fighting? | Moors | [
"Portugal\n\nPelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defea... |
5733429d4776f419006607ca | In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors? | Battle of Covadonga | [
"Portugal\n\nPelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defea... |
5733429d4776f419006607cb | In which year was Pelayos proclaimed king? | 722 AD | [
"Portugal\n\nPelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defea... |
5733429d4776f419006607cc | What was the war of Christian reconquest, started by Pelayos, known as in Portugese? | Reconquista Cristã | [
"Portugal\n\nPelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defea... |
5733445dd058e614000b5804 | Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias? | King Alfonso III | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the ... |
5733445dd058e614000b5805 | In which year was Vimara Peres knighted? | 868 AD | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the ... |
5733445dd058e614000b5806 | What was Vimara knighted as? | First Count of Portus Cale | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the ... |
5733445dd058e614000b5807 | What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted? | Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the ... |
5733445dd058e614000b5808 | Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided? | dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring | [
"Portugal\n\nAfter annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the ... |
57334596d058e614000b5818 | Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of? | García, became king of León | [
"Portugal\n\nA year before Alfonso III \"the Great\" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with ... |
57334596d058e614000b5819 | Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of? | Ordoño, reigned in Galicia | [
"Portugal\n\nA year before Alfonso III \"the Great\" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with ... |
57334596d058e614000b581a | Who was Alfonso III's third son and what area did he receive? | Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital | [
"Portugal\n\nA year before Alfonso III \"the Great\" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with ... |
57334596d058e614000b581b | In which year did Alfonso III likely die? | 910 | [
"Portugal\n\nA year before Alfonso III \"the Great\" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with ... |
57334596d058e614000b581c | In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed? | 1230 | [
"Portugal\n\nA year before Alfonso III \"the Great\" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with ... |
573348bd4776f419006607f6 | During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with? | maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture | [
"Portugal\n\nDuring the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom o... |
573348bd4776f419006607f7 | The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what? | the Kingdom of Portugal | [
"Portugal\n\nDuring the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom o... |
573348bd4776f419006607f8 | Portugese diverged from which language? | Galician | [
"Portugal\n\nDuring the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom o... |
573348bd4776f419006607f9 | What is the Castilian Lanugage known as? | Spanish | [
"Portugal\n\nDuring the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom o... |
573348bd4776f419006607fa | By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced? | Castilian (Spanish Language) | [
"Portugal\n\nDuring the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom o... |
5733496fd058e614000b582c | Which years were plagued by the Black Death? | 1348 and 1349 | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO... |
5733496fd058e614000b582d | In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country? | England | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO... |
5733496fd058e614000b582e | What is the longest standing alliance in the world? | Portugal made an alliance with England | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO... |
5733496fd058e614000b582f | The Portugal-English alliance served as the predecessor to what? | NATO | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO... |
5733496fd058e614000b5830 | In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence? | Oporto region | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO... |
57334d274776f4190066081e | What European age did Portugal spearhead? | the Age of Discovery | [
"Portugal\n\nPortugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Mad... |
57334d274776f4190066081f | Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator? | King João I | [
"Portugal\n\nPortugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Mad... |
57334d274776f41900660820 | Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover? | Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde | [
"Portugal\n\nPortugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Mad... |
57334d274776f41900660821 | By which path did Portugal discover a route to India? | Cape of Good Hope | [
"Portugal\n\nPortugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Mad... |
57334d274776f41900660822 | What South American country did Portugal discover? | Brazil | [
"Portugal\n\nPortugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Mad... |
573356a5d058e614000b5878 | Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? | Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de ... |
573356a5d058e614000b5879 | What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold? | Queen consort of Portugal | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de ... |
573356a5d058e614000b587a | Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage? | Queen consort of Portugal | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de ... |
573356a5d058e614000b587b | Who was de Melo's second marriage to? | the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de ... |
573356a5d058e614000b587c | Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage? | King John V of Portugal | [
"Portugal\n\nIn 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de ... |
573357944776f4190066085a | Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease? | increased | [
"Portugal\n\nAs the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. H... |
573357944776f4190066085b | What title was given to de Melo in 1755? | Prime Minister | [
"Portugal\n\nAs the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. H... |
573357944776f4190066085c | With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with? | British | [
"Portugal\n\nAs the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. H... |
573357944776f4190066085d | Who abolished slavery in Portugal? | Sebastião de Melo | [
"Portugal\n\nAs the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. H... |
573357944776f4190066085e | Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal? | Sebastião de Melo | [
"Portugal\n\nAs the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. H... |
573360d64776f41900660928 | What were de Melo's greatest reforms? | economic and financial | [
"Portugal\n\nBut Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and product... |
573360d64776f41900660929 | Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port? | to ensure the wine's quality | [
"Portugal\n\nBut Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and product... |
573360d64776f4190066092a | Did de Melo impose strict laws only on one class of people? | upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class | [
"Portugal\n\nBut Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and product... |
573360d64776f4190066092b | Among which class did de Melo's reforms gain him the most enemies? | especially among the high nobility | [
"Portugal\n\nBut Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and product... |
573360d64776f4190066092c | Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal? | Sebastião de Melo | [
"Portugal\n\nBut Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and product... |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9b | What type of natural disaster was the city center of Lisbon designed to resist? | earthquakes | [
"Portugal\n\nDespite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marc... |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9c | How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models? | marching troops around the models | [
"Portugal\n\nDespite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marc... |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9d | What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions? | The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre | [
"Portugal\n\nDespite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marc... |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9e | How did de Melo contribute to the study of seismology? | by designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country | [
"Portugal\n\nDespite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marc... |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9f | Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity? | Lisbon suffered no epidemics | [
"Portugal\n\nDespite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marc... |
5733ad50d058e614000b601d | What happened to Joseph I in 1758? | wounded in an attempted assassination | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassi... |
5733ad50d058e614000b601e | Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I? | The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassi... |
5733ad50d058e614000b601f | Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on Joseph I? | The Jesuits | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassi... |
5733ad50d058e614000b6020 | What act finally broke the power of the aristocracy? | Sebastião de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassi... |
5733ad50d058e614000b6021 | In what year did Joseph I make his minister the Count of Oeiras? | 1759 | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassi... |
5733afe1d058e614000b604f | Was the new Count of Oeiras opposed by anyone after the Tavora affair? | knew no opposition | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made \"Marquis of Pombal\" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s \"enlightenment,\" while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocrac... |
5733afe1d058e614000b6050 | In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal? | 1770 | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made \"Marquis of Pombal\" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s \"enlightenment,\" while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocrac... |
5733afe1d058e614000b6051 | How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal? | until Joseph I's death in 1779 | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made \"Marquis of Pombal\" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s \"enlightenment,\" while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocrac... |
5733afe1d058e614000b6052 | What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty? | autocracy | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made \"Marquis of Pombal\" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s \"enlightenment,\" while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocrac... |
5733afe1d058e614000b6053 | What was Pombal's "enlightenment" an apparatus for? | crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation | [
"Portugal\n\nFollowing the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made \"Marquis of Pombal\" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s \"enlightenment,\" while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocrac... |
5733b1924776f41900661055 | Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline? | Napoleon | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Por... |
5733b1924776f41900661056 | How long did Portugal's decline last? | until the 20th century | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Por... |
5733b1924776f41900661057 | In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal? | 1822 | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Por... |
5733b1924776f41900661058 | To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court? | Brazil | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Por... |
5733b1924776f41900661059 | What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815? | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Por... |
5733b2a64776f4190066107b | What provoked the modernization and expansion of the Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus? | the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family | [
"Portugal\n\nAs a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Port... |
5733b2a64776f4190066107c | Portugese and British troops fought against the invasion of which country? | French | [
"Portugal\n\nAs a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Port... |
5733b2a64776f4190066107d | By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon? | 1815 | [
"Portugal\n\nAs a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Port... |
5733b2a64776f4190066107e | Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil? | until the Liberal Revolution of 1820 | [
"Portugal\n\nAs a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Port... |
5733b2a64776f4190066107f | Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin? | Porto | [
"Portugal\n\nAs a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Port... |
5733b49a4776f419006610bf | When was the Conference of Berlin held? | 1884 | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like No... |
5733b49a4776f419006610c0 | Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established? | to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like No... |
5733b49a4776f419006610c1 | During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped? | Scramble for Africa | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like No... |
5733b49a4776f419006610c2 | What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa? | Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like No... |
5733b49a4776f419006610c3 | When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa? | before the turn of the 20th century | [
"Portugal\n\nWith the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like No... |
5733b5944776f419006610f1 | On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered? | 1 February 1908 | [
"Portugal\n\nOn 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, pr... |
5733b5944776f419006610f2 | Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt? | on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 | [
"Portugal\n\nOn 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, pr... |
5733b5944776f419006610f3 | Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king? | Manuel II of Portugal | [
"Portugal\n\nOn 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, pr... |
5733b5944776f419006610f4 | On what day was King Manuel II overthrown? | 5 October 1910 | [
"Portugal\n\nOn 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, pr... |
5733b5944776f419006610f5 | During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest? | Political instability and economic weaknesses | [
"Portugal\n\nOn 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, pr... |
5733b70fd058e614000b612a | Who led the Estado Novo? | António de Oliveira Salazar | [
"Portugal\n\nThis in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the Europe... |
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