id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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573359544776f41900660872 | What was the value of CDOs at their peak in 2006? | close to $2 trillion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Mark Zandi testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010: \"The securitization markets also remain impaired, as investors anticipate more loan losses. Investors are also uncertain about coming legal and accounting rule changes and regulatory r... |
573359544776f41900660873 | What was the private issuance of CDOs in 2009? | less than $150 billion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Mark Zandi testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010: \"The securitization markets also remain impaired, as investors anticipate more loan losses. Investors are also uncertain about coming legal and accounting rule changes and regulatory r... |
573359544776f41900660874 | Almost all of the asset-backed issuance in 2009 was supported by what Federal Reserve program? | TALF | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Mark Zandi testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010: \"The securitization markets also remain impaired, as investors anticipate more loan losses. Investors are also uncertain about coming legal and accounting rule changes and regulatory r... |
57335b42d058e614000b58e1 | Following the collapse in the housing bubble, what happened to a number of commodity prices? | Rapid increases | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nRapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some... |
57335b42d058e614000b58e2 | How much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008? | nearly tripled from $50 to $147 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nRapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some... |
57335b42d058e614000b58e3 | What did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008? | plunging | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nRapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some... |
57335b42d058e614000b58e4 | What is one of the reasons experts believe contributed to the volatilaty in oil prices in 2008? | monetary policy | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nRapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some... |
57335b42d058e614000b58e5 | Consumers tend to have less money to spend on other goods, when the price of which commodity is higher? | gasoline | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nRapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some... |
57335c77d058e614000b5907 | Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008? | Michael Greenberger | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founde... |
57335c77d058e614000b5908 | Who did Michael Greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures? | IntercontinentalExchange | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founde... |
57335c77d058e614000b5909 | Who founded the Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange? | Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founde... |
57335c77d058e614000b590a | Who purchased the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001? | IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founde... |
57335c77d058e614000b590b | Where are regulated future exchanges located? | London and New York | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founde... |
57335ed14776f419006608d5 | Who is one of the feminist economists that believe the financial crisis revealed a crisis of mainstream economics and call for a complete reshaping of the economy? | Ailsa McKay | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nFeminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjørnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession, and call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics... |
57335ed14776f419006608d6 | Feminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjornhold believe that the financial crisis and response reveal a crisis of ideas in this? | mainstream economics | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nFeminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjørnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession, and call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics... |
57335ed14776f419006608d7 | According to feminist economists McKay and Bjornholt, would type economics should be included in a reshaping? | feminist economics | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nFeminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjørnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession, and call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics... |
57335ed14776f419006608d8 | What do economists McKay and Bjornholt want to occur in the economy, economic theory, and economics profession? | a reshaping | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nFeminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjørnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession, and call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics... |
573360014776f4190066090a | Who was the current Governor of the Reserve Bank of India that predicted the crisis in 2005? | Raghuram Rajan | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nCurrent Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan had predicted the crisis in 2005 when he became chief economist at the International Monetary Fund.In 2005, at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan, who was about to retire as chairman of the US Federal Reserve, R... |
573360014776f4190066090b | When did Raghuram Rajan become chief economist the the International Monetary Fund? | 2005 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nCurrent Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan had predicted the crisis in 2005 when he became chief economist at the International Monetary Fund.In 2005, at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan, who was about to retire as chairman of the US Federal Reserve, R... |
573360014776f4190066090c | In 2005, where did Rajan deliver a controversial paper that was critical of the financial paper? | at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nCurrent Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan had predicted the crisis in 2005 when he became chief economist at the International Monetary Fund.In 2005, at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan, who was about to retire as chairman of the US Federal Reserve, R... |
573360014776f4190066090d | What was the name of Raghuram Rajan's controversial paper delivered in 2005? | "Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?" | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nCurrent Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan had predicted the crisis in 2005 when he became chief economist at the International Monetary Fund.In 2005, at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan, who was about to retire as chairman of the US Federal Reserve, R... |
573360014776f4190066090e | What are risks called that generate severe adverse consequences with small probability but generous compensation the rest of the time? | tail risks | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nCurrent Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan had predicted the crisis in 2005 when he became chief economist at the International Monetary Fund.In 2005, at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan, who was about to retire as chairman of the US Federal Reserve, R... |
5733612b4776f41900660932 | Who was one of the only mainstream economist to predict the financial crisis? | Raghuram Rajan | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argume... |
5733612b4776f41900660933 | What did Raghuram Rajan speak of? | Great Moderation | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argume... |
5733612b4776f41900660934 | Who credit 12 heterodox economists with predicting the crisis in his research credits? | Dirk Bezemer | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argume... |
5733612b4776f41900660935 | How did the Austrian economic school regard the crisis? | as a vindication | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argume... |
5733612b4776f41900660936 | Which former Fed Chair confessed in Congressional testimony to being forced to return to lax monetary supply? | Alan Greenspan | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argume... |
5733625f4776f41900660962 | Which magazine ran a cover story claiming that most economists failed to the the financial crisis? | BusinessWeek | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nA cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists faile... |
5733625f4776f41900660963 | The financial crisis of 2007 was the worst economic crisis since which crisis that occurred in the 1930s? | Great Depression | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nA cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists faile... |
5733625f4776f41900660964 | Which school at University of Pennsylvania examined in their online business journal why economists failed to predict the crisis? | The Wharton School | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nA cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists faile... |
5733625f4776f41900660965 | Which economist did the New York Times state warned of a crisis as early as September 2006? | Nouriel Roubini | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nA cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists faile... |
5733625f4776f41900660966 | What was economist Roubini called by the New York Times for predicting a collapse of the housing market? | "Dr. Doom" | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nA cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists faile... |
573363724776f41900660995 | Who wrote the 2007 book The Black Swan? | Nassim Nicholas Taleb | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nStock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, ... |
573363724776f41900660996 | What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb? | David Brooks | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nStock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, ... |
573363724776f41900660997 | What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb warn about for years prior to the financial crisis of 2007? | the breakdown of the banking system | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nStock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, ... |
573363724776f41900660998 | What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb make a fortune on by making a big financial bet? | banking stocks | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nStock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, ... |
5733651b4776f419006609bf | Who is the market strategist that believes distinctions exist between the current crisis and the Great Depression? | Phil Dow | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nMarket strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total dro... |
5733651b4776f419006609c0 | How much did the Dow Jones average fall during a period of 17 months? | 50% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nMarket strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total dro... |
5733651b4776f419006609c1 | What was the percentage the Dow Jones fell in the Great Depression? | 54.7% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nMarket strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total dro... |
5733651b4776f419006609c2 | Who was the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times in March 2009? | Floyd Norris | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nMarket strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total dro... |
573365f4d058e614000b5a14 | Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis? | Northern Rock | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOne of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat T... |
573365f4d058e614000b5a15 | Who did Northern Rock request security from? | Bank of England | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOne of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat T... |
573365f4d058e614000b5a16 | When did Northern Rock investors panic and a bank run begin? | September 2007 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOne of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat T... |
573365f4d058e614000b5a17 | When was Northern Rock taken into public hands? | February 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOne of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat T... |
573365f4d058e614000b5a18 | Which bank early problems in 2007 were an indicator of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions? | Northern Rock | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOne of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat T... |
5733679bd058e614000b5a4e | Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States? | IndyMac | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh large... |
5733679bd058e614000b5a4f | Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of? | Countrywide Financial | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh large... |
5733679bd058e614000b5a50 | Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States? | IndyMac Bank | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh large... |
5733679bd058e614000b5a51 | On what date did IndyMac fail? | July 11, 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh large... |
5733679bd058e614000b5a52 | Who was IndyMac's parent corporation? | IndyMac Bancorp | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThe first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh large... |
573368994776f41900660a3f | IndyMac often made loans without verifying what? | the borrower’s income | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer lo... |
573368994776f41900660a40 | What was questionable on IndyMac's underlying collateral? | Appraisals | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer lo... |
573368994776f41900660a41 | IndyMac gave loans to borrower's with what type credit histories? | poor | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer lo... |
573368994776f41900660a42 | IndyMac offered this type of questionable loans to borrowers? | risky | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer lo... |
573368994776f41900660a43 | IndyMac resisted efforts by regulators to tighten this criteria of their loans? | issuing criteria | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer lo... |
57336a43d058e614000b5aa7 | When did Moody's and Standard & Poor downgrade a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds? | April 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded ... |
57336a43d058e614000b5aa8 | What was the value of IndyMac's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in April 2008? | $160 million | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded ... |
57336a43d058e614000b5aa9 | What was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds in April 2008? | Moody's | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded ... |
57336a43d058e614000b5aaa | If IndyMac's downgraded MBS bond ratings had been in effect at March 31, 2008, what would the bank's capital ratio have been? | 9.27% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded ... |
57336a43d058e614000b5aab | What is a well capitalized ratio? | minimum 10% risk-based | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded ... |
57336bbb4776f41900660a89 | Who is the Senator that asked FDIC if it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits? | Charles Schumer (D-NY) | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nSenator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. W... |
57336bbb4776f41900660a8a | What does the abbreviation FDIC stand for? | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nSenator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. W... |
57336bbb4776f41900660a8b | How much of IndyMac's total deposits of $18.9 billion on March 31, 2008 were considered brokered deposits? | a little over $7 billion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nSenator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. W... |
57336bbb4776f41900660a8c | Had the FDIC disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date, the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $500 million a month? | June 30 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nSenator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. W... |
57336bbb4776f41900660a8d | How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to IndyMac? | $500 million | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nSenator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. W... |
57336d734776f41900660aa6 | What was the value of loans IndyMac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007? | $10.7 billion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nWhen home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders ... |
57336d734776f41900660aa7 | How much in deposits did account holders withdraw from IndyMac in late June 2008? | $1.55 billion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nWhen home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders ... |
57336d734776f41900660aa8 | What percent of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in late June 2008? | 7.5% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nWhen home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders ... |
57336d734776f41900660aa9 | Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac? | Charles Schumer | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nWhen home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders ... |
57336d734776f41900660aaa | What was the underlying cause of the failure on IndyMac? | unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nWhen home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders ... |
57336e80d058e614000b5af1 | On what date did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? | July 11, 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOn July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced pla... |
57336e80d058e614000b5af2 | What was the name of the bridge bank established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, liabilities and deposit accounts? | IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOn July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced pla... |
57336e80d058e614000b5af3 | On what date did the FDIC plan to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB? | July 14, 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOn July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced pla... |
57336e80d058e614000b5af4 | What is the maximum amount of funds the FDIC guarantees in insured accounts? | US$100,000 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOn July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced pla... |
57336e80d058e614000b5af5 | How many IndyMac account holders held funds in excess of the FDIC's insured amount of US$100,000? | roughly 10,000 depositors | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nOn July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced pla... |
57336f6e4776f41900660acd | How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008? | Over 100 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nInitially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 an... |
57336f6e4776f41900660ace | Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase? | Bear Stearns | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nInitially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 an... |
57336f6e4776f41900660acf | When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? | September and October 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nInitially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 an... |
57336f6e4776f41900660ad0 | When did Lehman's former CEO appear before Representative Henry A. Waxman? | Oct. 6, 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nInitially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 an... |
57336f6e4776f41900660ad1 | What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history? | Lehman Brothers | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nInitially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 an... |
5733703c4776f41900660ad7 | When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage? | September 2008 | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 bil... |
5733703c4776f41900660ad8 | The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in September 2008? | money market funds | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 bil... |
5733703c4776f41900660ad9 | What do money market funds frequently invest in? | commercial paper issued by corporations | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 bil... |
5733703c4776f41900660ada | How much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in September 2008? | $144.5 billion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 bil... |
5733703c4776f41900660adb | What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008? | 4.65% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 bil... |
57337227d058e614000b5b19 | Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? | shadow banking system | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to... |
57337227d058e614000b5b1a | What is the system with nearly equal the importance of traditional commercial banking? | shadow banking system | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to... |
57337227d058e614000b5b1b | The shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds? | investor funds | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to... |
57337227d058e614000b5b1c | What was Timothy Geithner's position during the fall of 2008? | U.S. Treasury Secretary | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nEconomist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to... |
57337343d058e614000b5b30 | How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009? | nearly one-third | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThis meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: \"It would take a number of... |
57337343d058e614000b5b31 | What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? | the collapse of the shadow banking system | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThis meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: \"It would take a number of... |
57337343d058e614000b5b32 | What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism? | Brookings Institution | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThis meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: \"It would take a number of... |
57337343d058e614000b5b33 | What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions? | some forms of securitization | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThis meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: \"It would take a number of... |
57337343d058e614000b5b34 | As of June 2009, the Brookings Institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap? | capital | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThis meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: \"It would take a number of... |
573374204776f41900660b02 | How much net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? | more than a quarter | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThere is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter ... |
573374204776f41900660b03 | In November 2008, how much was the U.S. stock index down from its 2007 high? | 45% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThere is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter ... |
573374204776f41900660b04 | In November 2008, how much had housing prices drop from their 2006 peak? | 20% | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThere is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter ... |
573374204776f41900660b05 | How much was home equity valued in the United States at its peak in 2006? | $13 trillion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThere is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter ... |
573374204776f41900660b06 | How much was home equity valued in the United States in mid-2008? | $8.8 trillion | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nThere is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter ... |
57337520d058e614000b5b4c | According to economist Dean Baker, a homeowner who has no equity if this type default risk? | serious | [
"Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nIn November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: \"There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great D... |
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