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57345772879d6814001ca53c | What type of channel is WCVW 57? | Public Broadcasting | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010[update], the Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research. The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV ... |
57345772879d6814001ca53d | What Richmond-area station is affiliated with CBS? | WTVR-TV 6 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010[update], the Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research. The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV ... |
5734580c879d6814001ca543 | How many representatives make up the Richmond city council? | nine | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council repres... |
5734580c879d6814001ca544 | What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch? | mayor | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council repres... |
5734580c879d6814001ca545 | How many years does the term of a Richmond city council representative last? | four | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council repres... |
5734580c879d6814001ca546 | On what day of the week does the city council meet? | Mondays | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council repres... |
5734580c879d6814001ca547 | In what month does the city council not meet? | August | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council repres... |
57345902acc1501500babe21 | What is A. Carl Prince's religious affiliation? | Baptist | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nIn 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Ric... |
57345902acc1501500babe22 | What is the current mayor of Richmond? | Dwight C. Jones | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nIn 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Ric... |
57345902acc1501500babe23 | In what year was the first black Baptist minister elected to the city council? | 1990 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nIn 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Ric... |
57345902acc1501500babe24 | In what district did A. Carl Prince win election to the city council? | Eighth | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nIn 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Ric... |
57345902acc1501500babe25 | What political organization supported the city council candidacy of A. Carl Prince? | Richmond Crusade for Voters | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nIn 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Ric... |
5734596aacc1501500babe2b | How many high schools are there in Richmond? | eight | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it wa... |
5734596aacc1501500babe2c | How many primary and secondary school students attend school in Richmond? | 24,000 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it wa... |
5734596aacc1501500babe2d | For whom is the Governor's School in Richmond named? | Maggie L. Walker | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it wa... |
5734596aacc1501500babe2e | Where was Richmond's Governor's School rated by Newsweek in 2012? | 16 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it wa... |
5734596aacc1501500babe2f | When did Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts open its doors? | 2010 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it wa... |
573459cbacc1501500babe35 | What type of university is the University of Richmond? | private | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Semin... |
573459cbacc1501500babe36 | What is a for-profit university in Richmond? | South University - Richmond | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Semin... |
573459cbacc1501500babe37 | What does BTSR stand for? | Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Semin... |
573459cbacc1501500babe38 | Where is John Tyler Community College located? | Chesterfield County | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Semin... |
573459cbacc1501500babe39 | What is Richmond's public university? | Virginia Commonwealth | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Semin... |
57345a6cacc1501500babe3f | How many kilometers away from Richmond is Richmond International Airport? | 11 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over... |
57345a6cacc1501500babe40 | About how long does it take to drive from Richmond International Airport to Williamsburg? | an hour | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over... |
57345a6cacc1501500babe41 | How many airlines operate out of Richmond International? | nine | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over... |
57345a6cacc1501500babe42 | What percentage increase in passenger traffic did Richmond International experience between 2005 and 2006? | 13 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over... |
57345a6cacc1501500babe43 | What direction do you travel to get from Richmond to Sandston? | southeast | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over... |
57345b47879d6814001ca54d | What is the street address if the Greyhound bus terminal in Richmond? | 2910 N Boulevard | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provid... |
57345b47879d6814001ca54e | How long does a bus trip from Richmond to New York City take? | 7.5 hours | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provid... |
57345b47879d6814001ca54f | What is the lowest fare on Megabus? | $1 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provid... |
57345b47879d6814001ca550 | How much did the Department of Transportation give to Richmond for its Rapid Transit System? | $25 million | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provid... |
57345b47879d6814001ca551 | What city in Maryland does Megabus travel to? | Baltimore | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nRichmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provid... |
57345be2879d6814001ca557 | What counties does the GRTC link to Richmond? | Henrico, and Chesterfield | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nLocal transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield... |
57345be2879d6814001ca558 | Along with Short Pump, what comprises the far part of the West End? | Innsbrook | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nLocal transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield... |
57345be2879d6814001ca559 | According to a GRTC report, what is an example of what most of its riders lack? | private vehicle | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nLocal transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield... |
57345be2879d6814001ca55a | What is GRTC an initialism of? | Greater Richmond Transit Company | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nLocal transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield... |
57345c6a879d6814001ca55f | What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond? | Staples Mill Road Station | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all servic... |
57345c6a879d6814001ca560 | What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper? | Main Street Station | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all servic... |
57345c6a879d6814001ca561 | In what year was Richmond's railroad station renovated? | 2004 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all servic... |
57345c6a879d6814001ca562 | Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station? | Newport News | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all servic... |
57345c6a879d6814001ca563 | Why does the Main Street Station only receive rail traffic from Newport News and Williamsburg? | track layout | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all servic... |
57345ceb879d6814001ca569 | Who is Richmond's electricity supplier? | Dominion Virginia Power | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nElectricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear G... |
57345ceb879d6814001ca56a | How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in? | nine | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nElectricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear G... |
57345ceb879d6814001ca56b | Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator? | North Anna Nuclear Generating Station | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nElectricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear G... |
57345ceb879d6814001ca56c | In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located? | Chester | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nElectricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear G... |
57345ceb879d6814001ca56d | What type of power plant is Darbytown? | natural gas | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nElectricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear G... |
57345d6a879d6814001ca573 | How many kilometers of sewer lines exist in Richmond? | 61 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 mi... |
57345d6a879d6814001ca574 | How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin? | 44-million-gallon | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 mi... |
57345d6a879d6814001ca575 | How many Richmond inhabitants get their water from the wastewater treatment plant? | 62,000 | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 mi... |
57345d6a879d6814001ca576 | How much sewage and stormwater can the treatment plant adjacent to the James River treat daily? | 70 million gallons | [
"Richmond,_Virginia\n\nThe wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 mi... |
57341ab74776f4190066187b | Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals? | relatively few | [
"Infection\n\nAmong the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends up... |
57341ab74776f4190066187c | Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what? | Infectious disease | [
"Infection\n\nAmong the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends up... |
57341ab74776f4190066187d | What does the severity of a disease resulting from a pathogen depend on? | ability of that pathogen to damage the host | [
"Infection\n\nAmong the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends up... |
57341ab74776f4190066187e | What can a host's immune system do to a host? | cause damage | [
"Infection\n\nAmong the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends up... |
57341ab74776f4190066187f | What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of? | host defenses | [
"Infection\n\nAmong the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends up... |
57341bef4776f41900661897 | What is one way of proving that a given disease is infectious? | satisfy Koch's postulates | [
"Infection\n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postu... |
57341bef4776f41900661898 | What must an infectious agent only be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates? | patients and not in healthy controls | [
"Infection\n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postu... |
57341bef4776f41900661899 | What is Koch's second postulate? | patients who contract the agent also develop the disease | [
"Infection\n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postu... |
57341bef4776f4190066189a | Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases? | because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual | [
"Infection\n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postu... |
57341bef4776f4190066189b | What is the causative spirochete of syphilis? | Treponema pallidum | [
"Infection\n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postu... |
57341c75d058e614000b695a | When are infectious diseases called contagious diseases? | when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person | [
"Infection\n\nInfectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/t... |
57341c75d058e614000b695b | What is a contagious disease a subset of? | infectious disease | [
"Infection\n\nInfectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/t... |
57341c75d058e614000b695c | What sets a contagious disease after from a standard infectious disease? | especially infective or easily transmitted | [
"Infection\n\nInfectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/t... |
57341c75d058e614000b695d | Diseases with vector transmission or sexual transmission don't often require what type of isolation? | medical | [
"Infection\n\nInfectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/t... |
57341c75d058e614000b695e | What is not always respected in popular use? | specialized connotation of the word "contagious" | [
"Infection\n\nInfectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/t... |
57341d3f4776f419006618a9 | When does infection begin? | when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. | [
"Infection\n\nInfection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individ... |
57341d3f4776f419006618aa | What group is not easily infected? | humans | [
"Infection\n\nInfection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individ... |
57341d3f4776f419006618ab | What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic | [
"Infection\n\nInfection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individ... |
57341d3f4776f419006618ac | What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections? | Individuals who have a suppressed immune system | [
"Infection\n\nInfection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individ... |
57341d3f4776f419006618ad | What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells? | intracellular | [
"Infection\n\nInfection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individ... |
57341dc0d058e614000b696a | What does wound colonization refer to? | nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound | [
"Infection\n\nWound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or com... |
57341dc0d058e614000b696b | What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds? | replicating | [
"Infection\n\nWound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or com... |
57341dc0d058e614000b696c | What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by? | extrinsic organisms | [
"Infection\n\nWound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or com... |
57341dc0d058e614000b696d | What species colonizes the mammalian colon? | anaerobic bacteria | [
"Infection\n\nWound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or com... |
57341dc0d058e614000b696e | What's the difference between an infection and a colonization? | only a matter of circumstance | [
"Infection\n\nWound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or com... |
57341e404776f419006618c3 | Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected? | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization | [
"Infection\n\nBecause it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medica... |
57341e404776f419006618c4 | What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? | symptoms and signs | [
"Infection\n\nBecause it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medica... |
57341e404776f419006618c5 | What is increased pain an indicator of? | infection | [
"Infection\n\nBecause it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medica... |
57341e404776f419006618c6 | What does not rule out infection? | absence of pain | [
"Infection\n\nBecause it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medica... |
57341fdd4776f419006618d3 | Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host? | damage | [
"Infection\n\nDisease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphy... |
57341fdd4776f419006618d4 | What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of? | toxins | [
"Infection\n\nDisease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphy... |
57341fdd4776f419006618d5 | What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do? | paralyzes muscles | [
"Infection\n\nDisease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphy... |
57341fdd4776f419006618d6 | What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis? | staphylococcus | [
"Infection\n\nDisease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphy... |
57341fdd4776f419006618d7 | What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease? | less than 5% | [
"Infection\n\nDisease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphy... |
5734203ed058e614000b6982 | Why do persistent infections occur? | body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection | [
"Infection\n\nPersistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some virus... |
5734203ed058e614000b6983 | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual presence of? | the infectious organism | [
"Infection\n\nPersistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some virus... |
5734203ed058e614000b6984 | How can some viruses main a persistent infection? | by infecting different cells of the body | [
"Infection\n\nPersistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some virus... |
5734203ed058e614000b6985 | What never leave the body when acquired? | Some viruses | [
"Infection\n\nPersistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some virus... |
5734203ed058e614000b6986 | Where does the herpes virus hide? | in nerves | [
"Infection\n\nPersistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some virus... |
573420d9d058e614000b6996 | What does diagnosis of an infectious sometimes involve identifying? | an infectious agent either directly or indirectly | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated... |
573420d9d058e614000b6997 | Many minor infectious diseases are diagnosed by what type of presentation? | clinical | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated... |
573420d9d058e614000b6998 | How are minor infectious diseases treated? | without knowledge of the specific causative agent | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated... |
573420d9d058e614000b6999 | What can be identified given sufficient effort? | all known infectious agents | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated... |
573420d9d058e614000b699a | Why is it often not worth bothering to identify an infectious agent? | greatly outweighed by the cost | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated... |
573421ecd058e614000b69b2 | How is diagnosis of infectious disease almost always initiated? | by medical history and physical examination | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic feature... |
573421ecd058e614000b69b3 | What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow? | detailed identification | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic feature... |
573421ecd058e614000b69b4 | What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining? | microscopic features | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic feature... |
573421ecd058e614000b69b5 | What can organisms be directly identified by? | its genotype | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic feature... |
573421ecd058e614000b69b6 | What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities? | X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR | [
"Infection\n\nDiagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic feature... |
573422a84776f4190066191d | What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? | Microbiological | [
"Infection\n\nMicrobiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Mo... |
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