text stringlengths 59 1.12k |
|---|
demonstration study of the northern Colorado Front Range urban corridor and the entire Rocky Mountain Front Range urban corridor with links to projects, datasets, and publications. Program to keep common species common by identifying those species and plant communities that are not adequately represented in existing co... |
projects, applications, status maps, and a searchable database. Describes the value of molecular biology genetic tools in enhancing the delineation of the genetic diversity and the effects of environmental degradation on living species. Links to research, which differentiated two species of sage-grouse. Geographic Anal... |
about land surface change, environmental and human health, fire and urban ecology, and natural hazards to help decision-makers in land-use planning and land management. Field methods, topics of investigation, shoreline changes, publications, and satellite imagery related to geologic and hydrologic processes affecting L... |
large estuary in the Gulf Coast region. Description of the Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination (GeoMAC) project, online maps of current wildland fire locations using Netscape Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, and user guide on how to use mapping application. Review of the size of breeding populations of Gia... |
states in the Mississippi, Atlantic, Central, and Pacific flyways and the management problems caused by rapid increases of local breeding populations. Site for Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, which provides information about biological resources in the Great Lakes Basin. Links to personnel, publications, data, l... |
Lakes issues, and research. Website of the Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science program to understand the framework and processes of the Gulf of Mexico using Tampa Bay as a pilot study. Links to publications, digital library, water chemistry maps, epiphytes, and field trips. Tide stage, specific conductance, water tempera... |
freshwater inflow at selected Hudson River (New York) gages updated every 4-hours to measure the effects of freshwater withdrawals and upstream movement of the salt front. Airborne scanning laser surveys (LIDAR) are used to obtaining data to investigate the magnitude and causes of coastal changes that occur during seve... |
Links to examples of coastal mapping during specific hurricanes. A brief definition and explanation of hypoxia with special reference to the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone along the Louisiana-Texas coast as well as extensive links to USGS and other related information resources. Information about the causes and impact of ... |
with links to USGS and other Federal agency information and activities related to nutrients in the Mississippi River Basin and hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Description of the use of a miniature video-camera system deployed at nests of passerine species in North Dakota to videotape predation of eggs or |
nestlings by animals such as mice, ground squirrels, deer, cowbirds and others. Recent physical changes over time, including trends toward earlier snowmelt runoff, decreasing river ice, and increasing spring water temperatures, may affect salmon populations; we want to know how important these effects are. Article from... |
the Nation's Biological Resources on the serious impacts to river systems due to damming and flow regulation, and rehabilitation, monitoring, and research on such rivers. Landscapes of interwoven wetlands and uplands offer a rich set of ecosystem goods and services. Changes in climate and land use can affect the value |
of those services. We study these areas to understand how they may be changing. We conducted a national landowner survey, evaluated short-term vegetation responses to land management practices (primarily grazing, haying, and burning), and initiating a long-term vegetation monitoring study for wetland buffers. Descripti... |
long-term management of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) inhabiting the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Includes links to reports in PDF format and cooperating organizations. Links to research projects that will improve the ability to detect, monitor, and predict the effects of invasive species, including exotic ... |
Pacific Southwest (California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona). Will salt marshes survive if sea level rises quickly? The answer depends on whether the areas surrounding them can allow salt marsh fauna and flora to migrate there. Local topography, both natural and manmade, is the main factor limiting this migration. Handboo... |
monitoring methods for lake management, including program design, sampling methods and protocol, biota and chemical sampling methods, laboratory methods, preservation of data and samples, glossary, and bibliography. (PDF file, 92 pp.) This website is a gateway to information and data on Lake Tahoe with links to Lake Ta... |
history, lake facts, GIS Data, DEM, DOQ, DLG imagery, bathymetry, satellite imagery, land cover, census, soils, pictures, and general maps. Homepage for the Leetown Science Center in West Virginia conducting research on aquatic and terrestrial organisms and their supporting ecosystems with links to directions, general ... |
Researchers are concerned about a fish that's turning into a new threat to the ecology of Lake Tahoe. Biologists with the University of Nevada, Reno say they're finding a growing number of giant goldfish in the lake. While officials have been working for years in trying to keep the lake's water crystal clear, researche... |
goldfish is particularly worrisome because goldfish eat a lot and excrete "lots of nutrients." Those nutrients stimulate algae growth. The goldfish, some of which have grown to 18 inches, could also eat smaller fish, creating new competition for native trout. Chandra says with no prior studies on goldfish for guidance,... |
Interactive Tool: When Are You Most Fertile? What does this tool measure? Back to top Click here to find out when you are most likely to get pregnant. This interactive |
tool estimates your peak fertility period, also known as your "fertile window." This is when you are most likely to get pregnant. Do not use this tool to prevent pregnancy. |
To find your peak fertility period, the tool first calculates the day you are most likely to ovulate. This is the day an ovary releases an egg. In the tool, |
you will enter the typical length of your menstrual cycle, and you will click on the first day of your last menstrual period. - To know how long your cycles |
are, track the number of days on a calendar for 2 or 3 months or cycles. Your menstrual cycle begins with the day your period starts and ends the day |
before your next period starts. - If you do not know the number of days in your menstrual cycle, you can use 28 days. This is the average length of |
a menstrual cycle. But if your cycle is longer or shorter than that, or if it is not always the same length, this tool will not predict your fertile window |
very well. This calculator is meant to give you a rough estimate. Women usually ovulate at day 15, but it's also normal to ovulate well before or after the 15-day |
mark. For information about reading your body's signs to tell when you will ovulate, see Fertility Awareness. Health Tools Back to top Health Tools help you make wise health decisions |
or take action to improve your health. |Interactive tools are designed to help people determine health risks, ideal weight, target heart rate, and more.| What do the results tell me? |
Back to top Your "fertile window" is up to 6 days long, once a month. It includes: - The day you ovulate. This is when you have the best chance |
of becoming pregnant. (A human egg usually lives for only 12 to 24 hours after ovulation. This is why you are not likely to get pregnant by having sex a |
day after you ovulate.) - The 5 days before ovulation. This is because sperm can live in a woman's body for 3 to 5 days after sex. When an egg |
is released, one of these sperm is ready to fertilize it. If you want to become pregnant, try to have sex every day or every other day from your first |
fertile day to your last fertile day. What's next? Back to top If your periods are irregular, this calculator is not a good way to predict your ovulation dates. Do |
not use this tool to prevent pregnancy. Source: Fritz MA, Speroff L (2011). Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 8th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. References Back to top Other |
Works Consulted - Fritz MA, Speroff L (2011). Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 8th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Credits Back to top |Primary Medical Reviewer||Adam Husney, MD - |
Image: Sierra Nevada Corporation Sierra Nevada Corporation’s Dream Chaser spacecraft is being prepared for its first test flights as part of NASA’s commercial space program, and it’s a design that wouldn’t look out of place on a poster stuck to a 10-year-old’s wall. The Dream Chaser is one of three vehicles competing f... |
to the International Space Station and elsewhere in low Earth orbit. Unlike its capsule competitors from Boeing and SpaceX, the Dream Chaser is a flying, lifting body design that could land on a runway, much closer in concept to the orbiters that were retired in 2011. Sierra Nevada announced that it will be partnering ... |
to build the second Dream Chaser vehicle. The two companies will also collaborate on ongoing parts of NASA’s commercial crew program, which is currently in the Certification Products Contract phase. Sierra Nevada, SpaceX and Boeing are developing versions of their space vehicles that will meet NASA certification for sa... |
world-class team of partner organizations,” said Mark Sirangelo, head of Sierra Nevada’s space system group. Lockheed Martin will build the next Dream Chaser at the facility in Michaud, Louisiana where the external tanks for the space shuttles were made. The company is no stranger to the current commercial space progra... |
be used by the Dream Chaser as well as Boeing’s CST-100 spacecraft. Sierra Nevada says the first Dream Chaser spacecraft is currently bring prepared for transport at the company’s facility in Colorado. In the next few weeks SNC expects to transport the vehicle to Edwards Air Force Base in California’s Mojave Desert whe... |
from a helicopter at 12,000 feet and and is expected to reach speeds of around 300 knots (345 mph) before landing at a touchdown speed of around 180 knots (207 mph). For the initial test flights, the Dream Chaser will glide to the ground autonomously without a pilot. The glide flights are scheduled to begin within the ... |
the flight test vehicle will make just a few flights to gather the data necessary to further refine the flight characteristics of the design. The second Dream Chaser – built by Lockheed Martin – will be the vehicle used for sub-orbital flight testing that the company hopes will begin in the next two years. NASA is expe... |
Ear Mites (Otodectes) in Cats What are ear mites? The ear mite Otodectes cynotis is a surface mite that lives on cats, dogs, rabbits and ferrets. It is usually found |
in the ear canal but it can also live on the skin surface. The entire ear mite life cycle takes place on animals. Ear mites are highly contagious, and cats |
become infested by direct contact with another infested animal. The mite is barely visible to the naked eye and may be seen as a white speck moving against a dark |
background. What is the life cycle of the ear mite? It takes approximately 3 weeks for a mite to develop from egg to adult, going through a total of 5 |
stages. Adult ear mites live about 2 months, during which time they continually reproduce. The entire ear mite life cycle takes place on the host animal, although mites can survive |
for a limited time in the environment. What are the clinical signs of ear mites? Ear mites are the most common cause of feline ear disease and infection. They are |
the second most common ectoparasite (external parasite) found on cats; the most common is the flea. Infestations are most common in kittens and young cats although cats of any age |
can be affected. Clinical signs of infestation vary in severity from one cat to another and include combinations of: 1. Ear irritation causing scratching at the ears or head shaking |
2. A dark waxy or crusty discharge from the ear 3. Areas of hair loss resulting from self-trauma - scratching or excessive grooming 4. A crusted rash around or in |
the ear 5. An aural hematoma - a large blood blister on the ear, caused by rupture of small blood vessels between the skin and cartilage - caused by scratching |
at the ears Skin lesions most frequently affect the ear and surrounding skin but occasionally other areas of the body may be affected. How are ear mite infestations diagnosed? Typical |
clinical signs with a history of contact with other cats or dogs would suggest the involvement of ear mites. Although ear mites cause over half of all feline ear disease, |
other conditions can result in very similar clinical signs and must be ruled-out before treatment is begun. A veterinarian makes the diagnosis by observing the mite. This is usually straightforward |
and may be done either by examination of the cat's ears with an otoscope or by microscopic examination of discharge from the ear. If the ears are very sore, the |
cat may need to be sedated to allow the ears to be properly examined and treated. How are ear mites treated? Three steps are required to treat ear mites successfully: |
1. Treat the ears of all affected and susceptible pets 2. Treat the skin of all affected and susceptible pets 3. Treat the indoor environment because the mite is capable |
of limited survival off pets "It is necessary for the entire course of treatment to last a minimum of three weeks." Your veterinarian will advise you about which insecticidal products |
are suitable. There are several ear medications licensed for the treatment of ear mites in cats. No medication can penetrate the eggs or pupae, so treatment is directed at killing |
the adult and larval forms. Because of the length of the life cycle, it is necessary for the entire course of treatment to last a minimum of three weeks. There |
are no products licensed for use on the house or on an animal's skin but many products licensed for flea control are effective. Your veterinarian may ask to re-examine the |
cat to ensure that the mites have been eliminated after the initial treatment has been performed. Do ear mites affect people? Ear mites may cause a temporary itchy rash on |
n his thoughtful history of Eton, Christopher Hollis points out the complexities involved when discussing matters of class distinction at the school and in society as a whole during the centuries since its founding. First of all what we may |
call a Whig theory of history doesn't really apply; that is, class distinctions have not, as many have claimed, gradually attenuated. Things are more complicated than that. When discussing either British society or the institution of the English Public School, |
one frequently encounters the claim, as Hollis puts it, "that class distinctions are perhaps still strong but . . . that they have been gradually and steadily growing less over the generations. The truth is . . . by no |
means so simple. Turning to the issue of class in the Eton Henry VI founded, he argues, It would be somewhat less than a half truth to say that Eton was in its foundation a school for poor boys. In |
the first place of course the 'poor and needy' boys whom Henry had in mind were not the sons of serfs. They were rather the sons of tradesmen. In the second place in the Middle Ages instruction in a school |
was almost always free. Eton was in no way unique in providing free tuition. The originality in Henry's plan was his conception of a school in which poor and needy' scholars were to be educated side by side with richer |
commensales. Nonetheless, despite the king's apparently radical juxtaposition of sons of tradesman and nobility, one form of class distinction — well known since Victorian times — did not yet exist: Up to the beginning of the nineteenth century no one |
ever suggested that the local tradesman's son — the son of the man who made no pretence to be a gentleman — should be excluded from the school. Eton of the early nineteenth century was by no means what could |
be called a democratic or an egalitarian school. The sons of noblemen had what would seem to us offensive and ridiculous privileges within the school —a special dress — a special seat in Chapel and the like. On occasion at |
any rate, as appears in various Memoirs, they behaved with ill-bred insolence towards their inferiors within the school. Yet class distinctions were so clearly established in society at large that it was not thought that the nobleman's son could be |
in any way contaminated or his prestige put in jeopardy if he had to spend his school days sitting at the same bench or kneeling at the same block as a tradesman's son. When and why, then, did fear of |
class contamination come about? With increasing social mobility, for as long as everyone assumed they existed in a rigidly hierarchical society in which each order and occupation had an essentially fixed position, no one feared that they might be mistaken |
for someone of a lower social and economic class. Perhaps surprisingly — until, that is, one thinks about the matter a bit — the upwardly mobile, rather than members of the established nobility, first demanded class separation: It was the |
middle class after their victory in 1832 which brought in this notion of personal segregation — of the class school. It was the manufacturers who had recently raised themselves from the ranks who did not feel confident that their children |
would preserve their refinement if they were educated alongside tougher and poorer boys. It was in the second half of the nineteenth century that there appeared for the first time the notion of a school to which only the sons |
of gentlemen should be admitted and reforms, desirable in themselves, were then for the first time twisted so as to preserve the exclusive character of the school. One paradoxical result of these changed attitudes was that during the first two |
decades of the twentieth century Eton "was much more egalitarian within itself than had been the Eton of fifty years before. The boys were less conscious of social differences among themselves. But also the social differences among them were much |
less. To be an Etonian was then in itself the real social distinction, and it was much more firmly believed than it had been earlier that gentle birth both required and produced a higher moral code" (291). Hollis, Christopher. Eton: |
The art of painting portrait miniatures has its origin with the illuminators of medieval times, whose tiny depictions of scenes from the Bible were incorporated into manuscripts. This art form developed and expanded in sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe when a demand grew for small mementos of wives and children ... |
of our wife or family in our wallets today. Miniature portraits played an important role in the personal relations of the upper middle-class and the nobility of the time; they were tokens of affection or love. In that respect they were similar to mourning brooches containing plaited locks of the hair of the “dearly dep... |
portraits came to be used by the royal courts of Europe as things approaching a currency. They were given to royal favourites by the monarch, exchanged with other Kings, Princes or Ambassadors, or created to commemorate a royal engagement or marriage. As the American periodical Scribner’s Magazine commented in 1897: th... |
in the palm of the hand had an intimate and personal quality, it was a pledge of affection, often a gauge of stolen joys; it could be carried by the exiled in never so hurried a flight, could be concealed in the lid of a comfit case Prior to the eighteenth century, miniatures were painted in an assortment of media: oil... |
enamel — but watercolour nevertheless predominated. They were also painted variously on vellum, chicken-skin or cardboard, and even on copper. During the eighteenth century, however, watercolour on ivory became the standard medium, and this continued until the miniature was gradually replaced by daguerreotypes and phot... |
North America was in mid-Victorian times. Miniatures were usually small and oval or round. Some were as tiny as 40 mm by 30 mm. They were often enclosed in a locket or a covered “portrait box”. Indeed, the housing for the portraits was sometimes decorated with elements of death or romance such as carved initials or flo... |
for mourning, appropriate imagery was sometimes incorporated on the reverse of the locket or frame, such as mourners at a tomb. As the genre moved into Victorian times some miniatures grew larger (up to 150 mm by 200mm) and were painted in square or rectangular form, to be displayed on walls or in cabinets. The innovat... |
by the Italian painter Rosalba Carriera in about 1700 as it provided a luminous surface for transparent pigments such as watercolour. The ivory was cut from the elephant’s tusk in thin sheets lengthways, sometimes so thin as to be almost translucent. Ivory is, however, difficult to paint on with watercolour, being grea... |
pumice. They also bleached it in sunlight to make it more white. Another technique was to degrease it with vinegar and garlic, or by pressing it with a hot iron between sheets of paper. Some artists used a brush with a single hair, and added gum arabic to the paint to make it stickier. Some added liquid from the gall b... |
bulls to make it flow more easily. Victorian society particularly appreciated the technical difficulties of painting such small fine portraits, and that led to a finer appreciation of the particular aesthetics of the genre. Generally-speaking Victorian miniatures encompassed a lighter palette of colour, monochromatic b... |
painters of the early nineteenth century were John Engleheart (1784 to 1862) and his uncle George Engleheart (1750 to 1829) (who kept his colours in small, specially-made round ivory boxes with screw lids. He used only ivory palettes, ivory mixing-bowls, small ivory basins in sets, and ivory brush rests), Richard Coswa... |
known in the latter half of the nineteenth century include: Alyn Williams (1865 to 1955), Maria Eliza Burt (1841 to 1931) (she married the well-known war artist, William Simpson) and the Australian Bess Norris (1878 to 1939). Alyn Williams founded the Society of Miniature Painters in 1896, but its name soon changed to ... |
Even the first census of 1801 divided the population into those 'chiefly employed in agriculture', those 'chiefly employed in trade, manufacturers or handicraft', and others. From 1841 onwards, information was |
gathered on each person's occupation and this formed the basis for very detailed tables. The 1841 occupational tables, used here, listed over 3,000 different occupational titles. This was partly because |
no advance plans had been made for dealing with the enormous range of job titles people gave, but by 1881 the more organised classification used in the county level tables |
covered 414 categories. Unfortunately, because of the need to reorganise these statistics into different areas, for 1971 to 1991 we must work with data for over 10,000 wards, and only |
a very simple industrial classification is available for these. We therefore present long-run industrial change using just six broad sectors. In general, early census reports applied just one classification to |
occupations, which led to three separate issues getting mixed up: social status, what the individual worker did, and what their employer's business was. Modern censuses have separate tables for each |
of these. NB our 1841 data are geographically crude, which results in some districts in the same county having identical figures. Our detailed statistics are held in structures called nCubes, |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.