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appreciation of imperative and object-oriented programming. Programming assignments are an integral part of this course. Prerequisite: CSC 110 or Permission of Instructor. This course develops the discipline of computing and the roles of professionals by introducing software engineering early in |
the learning process. This course formally presents abstract date types (ADTs). The ADTs presented are stacks, queues, lists, trees, graphs and tables. Simple sorting and searching techniques, along with their efficiency are studied. The use of pointers and recursion is |
covered. Programming assignments are an integral part of this course. Prerequisite: CSC 111. This course covers the manner in which the computer is used to solve problems. Lectures cover the style and techniques necessary to solve problems using the Visual |
Basic programming language. Object-oriented programming (OOP) will be covered. This course will allow students to take advantage of the many new capabilities of building applications in a graphical user interface (GUI). This course emphasizes the organization and operation of real |
computer systems at the architectural level. The mapping of statements and constructs in a high-level language onto sequences of machine instruction is studied, as well as the internal representation of simple data types and structures. Topics include the fetch/execute cycle, |
bus structures, memory hierarchy, addressing modes, and subroutines. Alternative architectures, such as vector and parallel models, are presented. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisites: CSC 111, MAT 161. This course is the capstone course for the AS degree in Computer |
Science. The course focuses on software engineering and requires a major software project. Topics include: object-orientation, software design tools and techniques (such as data flow diagrams, structure charts, CRC cards, algorithms, pseudocode), software reuse, software test strategies, and documentation standards. |
Prerequisite: CSC 112. This course is an introduction to game programming techniques and gaming development. Topics include 2D graphics and code generated animation, sound technologies, interactivity, and multi-player games. Prerequisite: CSC 111 or CSC 264 or Permission of Instructor. This |
course is an introduction to the administration of servers operating in a client server environment. Students will be introduced to the system software running client server networks, and will learn to install, configure, monitor, and manage a network server. Specific |
topics include server software installation, protocols, shells, system and user administration, scripts, and daemons. Students will be exposed to several different operating systems and several server applications, such as Web, ftp, database, and mail servers. Three lecture hours. Prerequisite: CIS |
130 or Permission of Instructor. The fundamentals of database design and implementation are introduced with an emphasis on data relationships. Utilization of a Database Management System (DBMS) and its components will be covered, along with Structured Query Language (SQL) and |
data security techniques. Prerequisite: CIS/CSC major with sophomore standing. An introduction to the C++ language which provides software developers with an "extendable" language in which abstract data types suitable for a given application can be created and then used as |
naturally as built-in data types. While based on the C programming language, C++ provides data and function encapsulation, function overloading, inheritance, strong typing, and other features needed for object-oriented programming (OOP). This makes C++ a true high-level language suitable for |
professional software engineering. The language constructs and OOP methods are introduced with a series of examples of increasing sophistication which are the basis of project assignments. Four lecture hours and one optional recitation hour per week. Prerequisite: CSC 110 or |
Permission of Instructor. This course introduces object-oriented Java using current technical advances in programming methodology, Web-based applications, and applications for hand-held devices. Java methods, classes, objects, inheritance, graphics, animation, and networking are discussed. Four lecture hours per week. ... |
110 or Permission of Instructor. This course builds upon the fundamental topics explored in CSC 162. More advanced topics involving object oriented programming (OOP) will be studied. This includes Graphical User Interface (GUI); File and Database Management; ActiveX controls; Networking, |
Internet and World Wide Web applications; Multimedia applications; and Dynamic Data Structures. Prerequisite: CSC 162 or Permission of Instructor. This course focuses on the language and programming fundmentals of the C# language and object-oriented programming, in the context of the |
.NET development environment. Topics covered will include: the .NET platform including common language runtime and framework, Visual Development Environment, Object-Oriented Programming, C# Language and Application Structure, basic GUI constructs, and basic concepts of XML. This course may not be used |
If the city feels hotter to you in the summer, you're right. The Japan Meteorological Agency has proved that all the asphalt and tall buildings and exhaust heat are indeed to blame. "Urban heat islands" raised the daily August temperatures by 1 to 2 degrees in Japan's three biggest megalopolises of Tokyo, Osaka and Nag... |
time the JMA has analyzed the effects of urban heat islands, where asphalt, buildings and heat from the exhaust of automobiles and air conditioners and other factors contribute to a rise in temperatures. The JMA used data from last August to simulate air temperatures on the assumption that all ground surface was covere... |
activities in the three megalopolises, and compared the numerical outcomes with what was actually recorded. The urban heat islands accounted for rises of about 2 degrees in the cities' central areas and about 1 degree on their outskirts, JMA officials said. It is believed that air temperatures have risen about 3 degree... |
both global warming and urban heat islands, but the JMA has never evaluated to what extent the urban heat islands are responsible. "Urbanization accounted for as much part of the temperature rises as global warming," a JMA representative said. "The situation is thought to be similar in other regions of advanced urbaniz... |
In a new study launched Wednesday by the International Energy Agency (IEA), weeks ahead of the Durban Climate Change talks, scientists warn that if the current trend to build high-carbon generating infrastructures continues, the world's carbon budget will be swallowed |
up by 2017, leaving the planet more vulnerable than ever to the effects of irreversible climate change. According to the IEA's World Energy Outlook, today's energy choices are likely to commit the world to much higher emissions for the next |
few decades. The current industrial infrastructure is already producing 80% of the world's "carbon budget". The report estimates that global primary energy demand rebounded by a remarkable 5% in 2010, pushing CO2 emissions to a record 30.6 gigatonnes (Gt) in |
2010. Subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption of fossil fuels jumped to over $400bn (£250.7bn). The IEA warns of a "lock in" effect; whereby high-carbon infrastructures built today contribute to the old stock of emissions in the atmosphere, thus increasing the |
danger of runaway climate change. According to the report, there are few signs to suggest that the urgently needed change in direction in global energy trends is under way. As the world gears up towards the Durban talks later this |
month and Rio+20 in seven months, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) plans to launch a new report on 23 November 2011 that reviews the latest data on the gap between commitments by nations to reduce their emissions and the actual |
emissions reductions required to keep global temperature rise under 2 degrees C. The report also tackles the question - How can the gap be bridged? The new report is a follow up to "Bridging the Gap", which was launched last |
December and became a key benchmark for the international climate negotiations in Cancun. UNEP will also launch on 25 November a study that will outline the measures and costs of reducing black carbon and non-CO2 gases to slow climate change. |
The new UNEP report outlines a package of 16 measures which could reduce global warming, avoid millions of premature deaths and reduce global crop yield losses by tackling black carbon, methane and ground-level ozone - substances known as short-term climate |
Arguably, the most significant advancement of the 21st century, social media has had a profound impact on our lives. But has it improved our lives? It is a question with |
a philosophical ring and one that opens up a host of other queries. First, we must analyse the conveniences and abilities social media has given us. If one is to |
measure the noteworthiness of broadband by calculating the amount of time spent on specific elements, then social media would come on top. Facebook boasts a billion users and Twitter 500 |
million. That's one out of every seven human beings alive on earth and this doesn't even take into consideration the numbers conversing online through Google+ and what not. It isn't |
just how many social media users there are on earth that indicates how much an influence it has had on our lives. It is the amount of time such a |
large proportion of the human population spends on these sites. A study late last year concluded that one out of every seven minutes online are spent on Facebook, while similar |
figures are to be expected with Twitter. However, has this actually improved our lives? A report by published in the Guardian in mid-March established a correlation between Facebook usage and |
levels of obsessions with self-image, shallow friendships and being a socially disruptive narcissist. The theory was that the social media site had become a platform for empty self-expression and popularity |
contesting. Social media does have its benefits of course. One would have to look no further than the Arab Spring to identify these. The platform's ability to organise and mobilise |
protests has been cited as the catalyst behind the Arab protests that saw the overthrow of prominent dictators throughout the Middle East. These uprisings were branded 'Twitter Revolutions' and it |
is supposed that the ability to network and spread news through social media sites helped the protests spread in a way that would not have been possible otherwise. While one |
cannot exactly obtain a broadband speed test and determine the connection levels in the countries involved in the Arab Spring at the time; it is accepted that high speed connections |
were available in the right places throughout the Middle East. This increases the likelihood of social media having had a fundamental role to play in the uprisings. However, it has |
also been suggested that the impact of social media on these revolutions has been overstated, particularly in the Western media. This logic argues that there were large scale revolutions before |
social media, indicating that the protests would have spread regardless. In truth, it is likely that social media did play some role. Nevertheless, that it was impactful in the toppling |
of unjust regimes and tyrannical governments is a credit to the existence of social media. In Britain, the 2011 riots fueled by social media, which allowed the organisation of rebellions. |
Such negative aspects have however brought about positives as many rioters who used social media to arrange and express their involvement in looting sessions, were easily tracked down by the |
police. What Constitutes an Improvement to Our Lives? Upon deliberation, the question of whether or not social media has improved our lives is somewhat unanswerable without knowing the full meaning |
of life. What is improvement for something you do not know the nature of? What can be said is that social media has changed our lives and made many aspects |
Photography - Overview The millions of photographs in the Museum's collections compose a vast mosaic of the nation's history. Photographs accompany most artifact collections. Thousands of images document engineering projects, |
for example, and more record the steel, petroleum, and railroad industries. Some 150,000 images capture the history, art, and science of photography. Nineteenth-century photography, from its initial development by W. |
H. F. Talbot and Louis Daguerre, is especially well represented and includes cased images, paper photographs, and apparatus. Glass stereographs and news-service negatives by the Underwood & Underwood firm document |
life in America between the 1890s and the 1930s. The history of amateur photography and photojournalism are preserved here, along with the work of 20th-century masters such as Richard Avedon |
Teaching Students to Dialogue One of the most important lessons I learned this year was that I cannot rely on my students to come into my classroom knowing how to |
interact with one another. Instead, it is my job to teach them. Below is the handout I use in my classroom to do just that. It is based on a |
Yellow tangs, Zebrasoma flavescens, are reef fish found in the waters west of Hawaii and east of Japan in the Pacific Ocean. They mainly live off the coast of Hawaii, but are also found in the more western ranges of their habitat, including the islands Ryukyu, Mariana, Marshall, Marcus, and |
Wake. They prefer subtropical waters. (Agbayani, 2008; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Yellow tangs are reef-associated fish. Their preferred water temperature is around 21 degrees Celsius. They inhabit coral reefs in subtropical waters, but generally do not live in tropical seas. Yellow tangs mainly live in the sub-surge zone... |
reef, this is the area with the least wave action. Zebrasoma flavescens live at depths of 2 to 46 meters. The clear larva of yellow tangs develop into marine plankton, in this stage they are carried close to reefs where they settle in coral crevices. (Agbayani, 2008; Ogawa and Brown, |
2001; Reynolds and Casterlin, 1980; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Yellow tangs have a clear larval stage before developing into juveniles. Juveniles and adults have a narrow, oval body. They have an average length-weight ratio between 2.93 and 3.16. They have a long snout for eating algae, a large dorsal fin with |
four to five spines, and an anal fin with three spines. Like other surgeonfish and tangs (Acanthuridae), yellow tangs have a white, scalpel-like spine on both sides of the tail that can be used for defense or aggression. Yellow tangs are named for their bright yellow coloring; the only area |
that is not yellow is the white spine. At night, this bright yellow color changes to a darker, grayer yellow with a white lateral line. (Agbayani, 2008; Froese, 1998; Guiasu and Winterbottom, 1998; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999; Wood, 2008) Yellow tangs begin their lives as fertilized eggs floating in open water. |
After hatching, the clear, pelagic larvae develop in the plankton. They enter the acronurus larva stage where they develop an oval body, dorsal and ventral fins, and spines. After about ten weeks, they enter a planktonic stage. Here, waves carry them to a coral reef where they take refuge and |
continue to develop and grow. (Brough and Brough, 2008; Sale, et al., 1984; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999; Wood, 2008) Zebrasoma flavescens can spawn in groups or in pairs. When in groups, females release eggs and males release sperm into open water where fertilization occurs. When in pairs, the male courts a |
female by changing colors and exhibiting a shimmering movement. The two fish then swim upward and simultaneously release their eggs or sperm into the water. Males may spawn with multiple females in one session, while females typically spawn only once a month. (Brough and Brough, 2008; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999; Wood, |
2008) Yellow tangs reproduce externally. Their spawning peaks from March to September, but some fish spawn at all times throughout the year. An average female can release about 40,000 eggs. (Agbayani, 2008; Detroit Zoological Society, 2008; Lobel, 1989) There is no parental investment in yellow tangs beyond the fertili... |
eggs. Juvenile yellow tangs are often territorial. This trait usually diminishes as the fish mature and start to roam wider areas of the reef. Adult tangs live singly or in small, loose groups. These groups sometimes contain other species of fish, like sailfin tang (Zebrasoma veliferum). Yellow tangs are diurnal. |
During the day, tangs move from place to place, grazing on algae; at night, they generally rest alone in coral reef crevices. (Agbayani, 2008; Atkins, 1981; Brough and Brough, 2008; Wood, 2008) When they are juveniles, yellow tangs have small home ranges that they defend, often staying within a few |
meters of one area. Not much is known about the home ranges of adult yellow tangs. (Parrish and Claisse, 2005) When mating, males change colors and exhibit a shimmering movement to attract females. In defense or aggression, yellow tangs extend their fins to full length, greatly increasing their size. They |
also expose their scalpel-like scales on their fins as a warning sign. They use these not only to defend themselves from predators, but also to scare away competitors for food or territory. (Brough and Brough, 2008; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Yellow tangs have a long, down-turned mouth with small teeth that |
are specialized for grazing on algae. Because they are mainly herbivores, they spend a large amount of their time grazing either alone or in groups. A large portion of their diet consists of uncalcified and filamentous algae that grows on coral reefs. In addition to smaller types of algae, yellow |
tangs feed on macroalgae, such as seaweed. Yellow tangs will also eat some types of zooplankton. (Guiasu and Winterbottom, 1998; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999; Wylie and Paul, 1988) Predators of Zebrasoma flavescens include larger fish and predatory invertebrates such as crabs and octopi. Yellow tangs rely on camouflage and t... |
fins to protect themselves. To humans, these fish appear bright yellow, but, to other fish, yellow tangs blend in very well with coral reef backgrounds. According to Marshall et al. (2003) wavelength differences between yellow and average reef color become negligible at the depths where yellow tangs are found. In |
addition to camouflage, Zebrasoma flavescens use their scalpel-like fins for defense. (Barry and Hawryshyn, 1999; Detroit Zoological Society, 2008; Marshall, et al., 2003; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Yellow tangs, along with other algae feeders, are crucial parts of coral reef ecosystems. They feed on algae and seaweed tha... |
reefs, preventing them from overgrowing and killing corals. Yellow tangs are also a food source for larger fish and invertebrates. (Detroit Zoological Society, 2008; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Yellow tangs are important for tourism and the aquarium trade. Their bright yellow color is well recognized by scuba divers and ot... |
on Hawaiian reefs. They are also a valuable resource in aquarium trade; they are the number one collected fish for export out of Hawaii. Their coloring, hardiness, and low cost all attribute to their popularity in marine aquariums, making them one of the ten most popular fish. (Brough and Brough, |
2008; Ogawa and Brown, 2001; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Yellow tangs, along with other surgeonfish (Acanthuridae), are not generally dangerous. When they are young, they possess venom glands. As they age into juveniles and adults, they lose these glands. If yellow tangs are provoked, they can inflict deep injuries with th... |
sharp blades on their tails. (Agbayani, 2008; Waikïkï Aquarium, 1999) Zebrasoma flavescens is not a threatened or endangered species. Tanya Dewey (editor), Animal Diversity Web. Kara Zabetakis (author), University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Kevin Omland (editor, instructor), University of Maryland, Baltimore County... |
60 degrees south latitude), Australia, Asia, and the western hemisphere. This is the world's largest ocean, covering about 28% of the world's surface. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as |
well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. uses smells or other chemicals to communicate having markings, coloration, shapes, or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment; being difficult to see or otherwise detect. humans benefit economically by promoting... |
on the appreciation of natural areas or animals. Ecotourism implies that there are existing programs that profit from the appreciation of natural areas or animals. animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature fertilization takes place outside the fema... |
egg and spermatozoan An animal that eats mainly plants or parts of plants. having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature. offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc... |
across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes). seaweed. Algae that are large and photosynthetic. A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. In inse... |
is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis. having the capacity to move from one place to another... |
swimming the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets. |
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females. structure produced by the calcium carbonate skeletons of coral polyps (Class Anthozoa). Coral reefs are found in warm, shallow oceans with low nutrient availability. They form the basis for |
rich communities of other invertebrates, plants, fish, and protists. The polyps live only on the reef surface. Because they depend on symbiotic photosynthetic algae, zooxanthellae, they cannot live where light does not penetrate. mainly lives in oceans, seas, or other bodies of salt water. breeding is confined to a par... |
season remains in the same area reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female associates with others of its species; forms social groups. uses touch to communicate defends an area within the home range, occupied by a single animals or group of animals |
of the same species and held through overt defense, display, or advertisement the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. an animal which has an organ capable of injecting a poisonous substance into a wound (for example, scorpions, jellyfish, and rattlesnakes). |
Zebrasoma flavescens (Acanthuridae). Pacific Science, 35: 263-264. Barry, K., C. Hawryshyn. 1999. Effects of incident light and background conditions on potential conspicuousness of Hawaiian coral reef fish. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79: 495-508. Brough, D., C. Brough. 2008. "A... |
color pattern, diet switching and the phylogeny of the surgeonfish genus Zebrasoma. Bulletin of Marine Science, 63: 277-294. Lobel, P. 1989. Ocean current variability and the spawning season of Hawaiian reef fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 24: 161-171. Marshall, N., K. Jennings, W. McFarland, E. Loew, G. Losey... |
Biology of Hawaiian Coral Reef Fishes. BioOne, 3: 467-480. Ogawa, T., C. Brown. 2001. Ornamental reef fish aquaculture and collection in Hawaii. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation, 3: 151-169. Parrish, J., J. Claisse. 2005. "University of Hawaii, Department of Zoology" (On-line pdf). Post-settlement Life History of Key... |
You might check the following: The fuel pressure regulator (1) is a diaphragm-operated cartridge relief valve with the fuel pump pressure on one side and the regulator spring pressure and intake manifold vacuum on the other. A retainer (2) holds |
the fuel pressure regulator. The regulator's function is to maintain a constant pressure differential across the injectors at all times. The pressure regulator compensates for engine load by increasing the fuel pressure as engine vacuum drops. With the ignition ON |
leaving the engine off (zero vacuum), the fuel pressure at the pressure test connection should be 415-455 kPa (6O-66 psi) . If the pressure is too low, poor performance could result. If the pressure is too high, excessive odor may |
result. The engine coolant temperature sensor is a thermistor (a resistor which changes value based on temperature) mounted in the engine coolant passage. Low coolant temperature produces a high resistance 100,000 ohms at -40°C (-40°F) while high temperature causes low |
resistance 70 ohms at 130°C (266°F). The VCM supplies a 5 volt signal to the engine coolant temperature sensor through a resistor in the VCM and measures the voltage. The voltage will be high when the engine is cold. The |
voltage will be low when the engine is hot. By measuring the voltage, the VCM calculates the engine coolant temperature. Engine coolant temperature affects most systems the VCM controls. The scan tool displays engine coolant temperature in degrees. After engine |
start-up, the temperature should rise steadily to about 9O°C (194°F) then stabilize when thermostat opens. If the engine has not been run for several hours (overnight), the engine coolant temperature and intake air temperature displays should be close to each |
other. When the VCM detects a malfunction in the Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor circuit, the following Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) s will set: DTC P0117 circuit low. DTC P0118 circuit high. DTC P0125 excessive time to Closed Loop. DTC |
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