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Question: Why should all medicine be available over the counter? Jacob Appel: Well it’s interesting you ask that because historically in the United States, all medicine was available over the counter without a prescription. It’s interesting to note one of the first “medications” that you needed a prescription for in th... |
Prohibition and doctors would prescribe beer for various ailments, for small pox, for rabies, for measles. I should add, not effectively. This is not a good remedy. And from that, from the interest in protecting the rights of doctors, over time, the prescription right of doctors, which is really what it’s about. The th... |
People don’t know the consequences of the medication. The reality is, in the world of the internet, in the world of the educated consumer, most people go to the doctor and say, “This is what I want medically, and there are enough doctors out there that honor this request anyway. That the harm of not letting some people... |
over the counter and forcing them to have a doctor’s appointment with the added cost will keep certain people from getting the medical care they need. Which in my opinion is far greater a risk than the small number of people who might not be educated enough or informed themselves enough to use medicine in a dangerous w... |
it’s important to keep in mind there are many people out there, and I see them every day who really do need medication. Medical medication, psychiatric medication, who know they need it, who don’t get it because they haven’t been able to get to a doctor, or can’t afford a doctor, or have time to see a doctor to get |
MRA is a study of the blood vessels using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer, an MRA makes two-dimensional and three-dimensional pictures. Reasons for Test This test is done in order to: - Identify diseased, narrowed, enlarged, and blocked blood vessels - Locate internal... |
inside your body such as joint replacements or a pacemaker. Make sure your doctor knows of any internal metal before the test. Some people may also have an allergic reaction to the contrast dye. Talk to your doctor about any allergies you have. Also, let your doctor know if you have liver or kidney problems. These may ... |
for your body to get rid of the contrast. What to Expect Prior to Test Before the test, your doctor may: - Ask about your medical history - Perform a physical exam - Do blood tests If your doctor prescribes a sedative: - Arrange for a ride home. - Do not eat or drink for at least four hours before |
the exam. - Take the sedative 1-2 hours before the exam, or as directed. At the MRI center, you will be asked if you have something in your body that would interfere with the MRA, such as: - Pacemaker or implantable defibrillator - Ear implant - Metal fragments in your eyes or in any other part of your body - |
Implanted port device, such as an insulin pump - Metal plate, pins, screws, or surgical staples - Metal clips from aneurysm repair - Retained bullets - Any other large metal objects in your body You may be: - Given earplugs or headphones to wear. The MRI machine makes a loud banging noise. - Given an injection of a con... |
into your vein. - Allowed to have a family member or friend with you during the test. Description of the Test If contrast is used, a small IV needle will be inserted into your hand or arm before you are moved into the MRI machine. The contrast will be injected during one set of images. It helps to make some |
organs and vessels easier to see on the pictures. You might have an allergic reaction to the dye, but this is rare You will lie on a special table. This table will be moved inside the opening of the MRI machine. Most MRIs consist of 2-6 sets of images. Each one will take between 2-15 minutes. You will need to |
lie still while the images are being taken. You may need to hold your breath briefly. Technicians will communicate with you through an intercom from another room. - You will be asked to wait at the facility while the images are examined. The technician may need more images. - If you took a sedative, do not drive or ope... |
until it wears off. - If you are breastfeeding and receive contrast dye, you and your doctor should discuss when you should restart breastfeeding. Information available has not found any ill effects to the baby if a breastfeeding mother has had contrast dye. - Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions. How Long Will... |
test is painless. If contrast is used, you may experience a stinging sensation when the IV is inserted. Your doctor will discuss the findings with you and any treatment you may need. Call Your Doctor Call your doctor if any of the following occur: - New or worsening symptoms - Allergic or abnormal symptoms if contrast ... |
you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away. - Reviewer: Michael J. Fucci, DO; Brian Randall, MD - Review Date: 05/2013 - - Update Date: 05/20/2013 - |
Random acts of kindness go a long way toward putting a smile on someone’s face and reshaping a not-so-great day into a special memory that impacts not just the recipient |
but everyone that person comes in contact with that day. Next week, imagine how many people you can touch by taking a moment to thank a nurse for a job |
well-done. First, you will bring a smile to the nurse. Then, the nurse will unknowingly share that smile with patients and colleagues throughout the day and those people will pass |
the gesture along to the people they interact with. In a busy clinic or hospital, your simple “thank you” to a nurse will touch hundreds of people. We celebrate National |
Nurse’s Week in early May to coincide with Florence Nightingale’s birthday. Just as Nightingale tirelessly cared for soldiers during the Crimean War (1853-1856), our nurses care for all types of |
patients—some are very sick and others are generally healthy. Make plans to surprise a nurse with a random act of kindness during Nurse’s Week and know that your thoughtful expression |
will not only make the nurse’s day, but you will share kindness with many people who may need a boost. You will never know it, but your actions may help |
a patient overcome a frightening diagnosis or help a young family cope with grief. What a terrific way to say thank you and honor our nurses! Sylvia T. Brown, EdD, |
ST. PAUL, Minn. (4/23/2012) —Approximately 70 percent of the seed soybeans planted this year in Minnesota will be treated with fungicides. This is a dramatic change from 10 years ago |
when most farmers planted untreated soybeans. This change requires increased care to keep seed soybeans separate from harvested soybeans headed to market. Federal law provides a zero tolerance for treated |
soybeans at market. That means that a single treated seed can contaminate a truck, bin or silo. Your elevator can hold you legally responsible for the contamination because of a |
problem that started with one treated soybean. University of Minnesota Extension recommends that growers take these steps to avoid mistakes that can take place during the rush of planting: - |
Make sure nobody on your farm dumps leftover soybean seed into a storage bin. - Do not use the same equipment to transport treated seed and soybeans sold for grain. |
- Clean all equipment that comes in contact with treated seed. - Manage treated seed before and after planting to reduce the potential for problems. - Buy only the seed |
you need to minimize dealing with leftover treated soybeans. - Work with your seed supplier to develop a plan to dispose of any leftover treated seed. In addition to avoiding |
costly penalties because of soybean contamination, handling treated soybeans with care is the right thing to do. Fungicides have a place in seed beds, but not on a dinner plate, |
which is why it's important to keep treated seed soybeans separate from your soybean harvest. Take time this spring to pay attention to farm safety, both your personal safety and |
easy: the Haskell 'show' function conveniently wraps a string in quotation marks. So we simply have two copies of once piece of code: one without quotes followed by one in quotes. In C, on the other hand, there is a bit of a gotcha. You need to explicitly write code |
to print those extra quotation marks. And of course, just like in Haskell, this code needs to appear twice, once out of quotes and once in. But the version in quotes needs the quotation marks to be 'escaped' using backslash so it's notactually the same as the first version. And |
that means we can't use exactly the same method as with Haskell. The standard workaround is not to represent the quotation marks directly in the strings, but instead to use the ASCII code for this character and use C's convenient %c mechanism to print at. For example: Again we were |
lucky, C provides this great %c mechanism. What do you need in a language to be sure you can write a self-replicator? It turns out there is a very general approach to writing self-replicators that's described in Vicious Circles. What follows is essentially from there except that I've simplified the |
proofs by reducing generality. We'll use capital letters to represent programs. Typically these mean 'inert' strings of characters. I'll use square brackets to indicate the function that the program evaluates. So if P is a program to compute the mathematical function p, we write [P](x) = p(x). P is a |
to be the result of running P with input x. Now we define P(x) to be the program P modified so that it no longer takes an argument or input but instead substitutes the 'hard-coded' value of x instead. In other words [P(x)] = [P](x). P(x) is, of course, another |
program. There are also many ways of implementing P(x). We could simply evaluate [P](x) and write a program to simply print this out or return it. On the other hand, we could do the absolute minimum and write a new piece of code that simply calls P and supplies it |
with a hard-coded argument. Whatever we choose is irrelevant to the following discussion. So here's the demand that we make of our programming language: that it's powerful enough for us to write a program that can compute P(x) from inputs P and x. This might not be a trivial program |
to write, but it's not conceptually hard either. It doesn't have gotchas like the quotation mark issue above. Typically we can compute P(x) by some kind of textual substitution on P. With that assumption in mind, here's a theorem: any program P that takes one argument or input has a |
fixed point, X, in the sense that running P with input X gives the same result as just running X. Given an input X, P acts just like an interpreter for the programming language as it outputs the same thing as an interpreter would given input X. So here's a |
proof: Define the function f(Q) = [P](Q(Q)). We've assumed that we can write a program that computes P(x) from P and x so we know we can write a program to compute Q(Q) for any Q. We can then feed this as an input to [P]. So f is obviously |
= Q0(Q0). So Q0(Q0) outputs itself when run! What's more, this also tells us how to do other fun stuff like write a program to print itself out backwards. And it tells us how to do this in any reasonably powerful programming language. We don't need to worry about having |
to work around problems like 'escaping' quotation marks - we can always find a way to replicate the escape mechanism too. So does it work in practice? Well it does for Haskell - I derived the Haskell fragment above by applying this theorem directly, and then simplifying a bit. For |
C++, however, it might give you a piece of code that is longer than you want. In fact, you can go one step further and write a program that automatically generates a self-replicator. Check out Samuel Moelius's kpp. It is a preprocessor that converts an ordinary C++ program into one |
that can access its own source code by including the code to generate its own source within it. Another example of an application of these methods is Futamura's theorem which states that there exists a program that can take as input an interpreter for a language and output a compiler. |
Principles of Design Balance in design is similar to balance in physics. A large shape close to the center can be balanced by a small shape close to the edge. A large light toned shape will be balanced by a small dark toned shape (the darker the shape the heavier it appears to be) Graduation of size and direction produ... |
linear perspective. Graduation of colour from warm to cool and tone from dark to light produce aerial perspective. Graduation can add interest and movement to a shape. A graduation from dark to light will cause the eye to move along a shape. Repetition with variation is interesting, without variation repetition can bec... |
painting can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at. Unless a feeling of chaos and confusion are what you are seeking, it is a good idea to carefully consider where to place your areas of maximum contrast. Harmony in painting is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar, related elements. Eg. Adja... |
similar shapes etc. Dominance gives a painting interest, counteracting confusion and monotony. Dominance can be applied to one or more of the elements to give emphasis. Relating the design elements to the idea being expressed in a painting reinforces the principal of unity. Eg. A painting with an active aggressive subj... |
rough texture, angular lines etc. whereas a quiet passive subject would benefit from horizontal lines, soft texture and less tonal contrast. Unity in a painting also refers to the visual linking of various elements of the work. |
What is Fluorescence? Fluorescence is the ability of certain chemicals to give off visible light after absorbing radiation which is not normally visible, such as ultraviolet light. This property has led to a variety of uses. Let’s shed some further light on this topic; consider the omnipresent “fluorescent” lights. Jus... |
of mercury vapor. The application of an electric current causes a stream of electrons to traverse the tube. These collide with the mercury atoms which become energized and consequently emit ultraviolet light. The inside of the tube is coated with a fluorescent material, such as calcium chlorophosphate, which converts t... |
used to produce color television pictures. The screen is coated with tiny dots of substances which fluoresce in different colours when they are excited by a beam of electrons which is used to scan the picture. But fluorescent materials had practical uses even before we dreamed of color television. One of the most amazi... |
synthetic compound, appropriately called fluorescein. Under ultraviolet light it produces an intense yellow-green fluorescence which during World War II was responsible for saving the lives of many downed flyers. Over a million pounds of the stuff were manufactured in 1943 and distributed to airmen in little packets to... |
it can be seen when the concentration of fluorescein is as little as 25 parts per billion, rescue planes easily spotted the men in the ocean. Aircraft carriers also made extensive use of fluorescein. The signal men on deck wore clothes and waved flags treated with the compound which was then made to glow by illuminatio... |
incoming pilots could clearly see the deck and the need to use runway lights which would have drawn the attention of enemy aircraft was eliminated. Certain natural substances also fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Urine and moose fur are interesting examples. Prisoners have actually made use of this property of urine ... |
the moose fur? Well, in Canada and Sweden there are hundreds of accidents each year involving the collision of automobiles with moose. Some of these result in fatalities. Some car manufacturers are now considering fitting their vehicles with UV emitting headlights to reduce moose collisions! How’s that for putting the ... |
February 3, 2010 | 9 Few things in my life have brought me as much joy as watching sea otters play in the waters near Monterey, Calif. So when I |
heard this week that the frisky yet endangered critters may be slightly expanding their habitat, I figured everyone would think that was good news. Once hunted into near-extinction for their |
fur, the southern, or California, sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) now numbers around 2,600 to 2,700 animals, all of which live in a fairly small habitat range off the central |
California coast. The problem is that their extant habitat is the only place the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) grants them protected status. (Although they are also protected under California |
state law and the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act, those laws do not govern habitat.) Everything south of their current habitat is designated a "no-otter zone". The origins of this |
restriction shouldn’t surprise anyone. When otters were first listed as a threatened species under the ESA, they were protected everywhere, according to Allison Ford, executive director of The Otter Project |
in Monterey, Calif. But in order to protect species, the ESA requires the creation of a recovery plan. In this case the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wanted to try |
to move some otters to a new habitat. This "experimental population" would protect the southern otter from extinction in a catastrophic event, such as a major oil spill. But in |
order to create a new habitat for the otters, the government also created a no-otter zone, an area where the animals would not be able to impact the fishing or |
oil industries. Unfortunately, "the experimental population never thrived," Ford says. But the otter-free zone remains. And now some otters are swimming past that imaginary line in the surf in search |
of sea urchins and other tasty marine life in the forbidden zone. Fishermen are not happy with the encroachment. "Based on historic action, we think eventually they’ll wipe out the |
shellfish industry in California," Vern Goehring, executive director of the California Sea Urchin Commission, told the Associated Press. So why are sea otters swimming into verboten territory? "Food supply is |
always an impediment to otter survival and expansion," Ford says. "Scientists believe that food limitation is an issue in certain parts of the otter’s range." Ford says that large, bachelor |
otters "tend to go back and forth over the no-otter line. Certainly, abundant prey that otters like to eat exists in the no-otter zone," and because humans tend to like |
the same foods, that creates conflict. "Otters eat voraciously," Ford says. "They have a strong appetite, and eat 25 percent of their body weight every day." Otters do not have |
blubber, and use their fur and their high metabolisms to keep warm. Otters can impact fisheries and the industry’s ability to operate at the same productivity levels it is used |
to, Ford says, adding: "Sea urchin is where the big conflict is." But she points out that the very reason there is a sea urchin industry is because otters no |
longer exist in their historic habitats. "Otters are a keystone species, and they maintain sea urchins, which in turn eat kelp. When otters were removed from the ecosystem, you lost |
the kelp, which hurt total biodiversity." Restoring sea otters in other areas of California, Ford says, could actually increase biodiversity and create additional fishing markets. No matter what happens, the |
sea otter expansion won’t be anything that happens overnight. Populations have dipped slightly the past two years, and only a few dozen otters make their way regularly into the sans |
This is a video made by a group of students from the Department of Media & Communication, RUPP, Cambodia. Using a Weak Password Avoid simple names or words you can find in a dictionary, even with numbers tacked on the end. Instead, mix upper- and lower-case letters, numbers, and symbols. |
A password should have at least eight characters. One good technique is to insert numbers or symbols in the middle of a word, such as this variant on the word “houses”: hO27usEs! Leaving Your Full Birth Date in Your Profile It’s an ideal target for identity thieves, who could use |
it to obtain more information about you and potentially gain access to your bank or credit card account. If you’ve already entered a birth date, go to your profile page and click on the Info tab, then on Edit Information. Under the Basic Information section, choose to show only the |
month and day or no birthday at all. Overlooking Useful Privacy Controls For almost everything in your Facebook profile, you can limit access to only your friends, friends of friends, or yourself. Restrict access to photos, birth date, religious views, and family information, among other things. You can give only |
certain people or groups access to items such as photos, or block particular people from seeing them. Consider leaving out contact info, such as phone number and address, since you probably don’t want anyone to have access to that information anyway. Posting Your Child’s Name in a Caption Don’t use |
a child’s name in photo tags or captions. If someone else does, delete it by clicking on Remove Tag. If your child isn’t on Facebook and someone includes his or her name in a caption, ask that person to remove the name Mentioning That You’ll Be Away From Home That’s |
like putting a “no one’s home” sign on your door. Wait until you get home to tell everyone how awesome your vacation was and be vague about the date of any trip. Letting Search Engines Find You To help prevent strangers from accessing your page, go to the Search section |
of Facebook’s privacy controls and select Only Friends for Facebook search results. Be sure the box for public search results isn’t checked. Permitting Youngsters to Use Facebook Unsupervised Facebook limits its members to ages 13 and over, but children younger than that do use it. If you have a young |
child or teenager on Facebook, the best way to provide oversight is to become one of their online friends. Use your e-mail address as the contact for their account so that you receive their notifications and monitor their activities. “What they think is nothing can actually be pretty serious,” says |
Charles Pavelites, a supervisory special agent at the Internet Crime Complaint Center. For example, a child who posts the comment “Mom will be home soon, I need to do the dishes” every day at the same time is revealing too much about the parents’ regular comings and goings Copyrighted 2009, |
Bass, Blue Nose Bluenose Bass is a large fish, growing to over 50 kg, found in temperate waters of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and South America. They are particularly |
vulnerable to fishing pressure because they are long lived, mature late, and exhibit schooling and spawning aggregation behaviors making them easier to catch. Bluenose Bass sold in the U.S. primarily |
comes from New Zealand, but a small commercial Bluenose Bass fishery also occurs in Australia. Both fisheries are managed through total allowable catch limits. In New Zealand, abundance of Bluenose |
Bass has declined to low levels over the last decade, likely as a result of unsustainable catch rates, and there is a relatively high probability that the population is overfished. |
In Australia, abundance levels of Bluenose Bass populations appear to be more stable. The majority of Bluenose Bass are caught with bottom longlines or other hook-and-line gear, which may cause |
Scallop, Mexican Bay Mexican Bay Scallops are distributed from Baja California, Mexico to Northern Peru, including both sides of the Baja California Peninsula. They grow quickly, reach sexual maturity around 6 months of age and produce many eggs. After heavy fishing pressure that caused numbers to drop considerably, Me... |
Click the Study Aids tab at the bottom of the book to access your Study Aids (usually practice quizzes and flash cards). Study Pass is our latest digital product that lets you take notes, highlight important sections of the text using different colors, create "tags" or labels to filter your notes and highlights, and pr... |
interactive study aids, such as flash cards and quizzes. Highlighting and Taking Notes: If you've purchased the All Access Pass or Study Pass, in the online reader, click and drag your mouse to highlight text. When you do a small button appears – simply click on it! From there, you can select a highlight color, add not... |
purchased the All Access Pass, you can print each chapter by clicking on the Downloads tab. If you have Study Pass, click on the print icon within Study View to print out your notes and highlighted sections. To search, use the text box at the bottom of the book. Click a search result to be taken to that chapter or sect... |
(note you may need to scroll down to get to the result). View Full Student FAQs 16.4 Suggested Reading Axilrod, Stephen H. Inside the Fed: Monetary Policy and Its Management, Martin Through Greenspan to Bernanke. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. Hetzel, Robert L. The Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve: A History. Ne... |
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