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JOHN THE PRESBYTER, author, also known as John the elder, said by some to have written some of the Johannine books of the Bible. To him also is attributed a |
Coptic version of the life of Saint PISENTIUS, bishop of Qift (Coptos), dating from the mid-seventh century. The text has reached us in only one codex (British Museum, London, Or. |
7026, Budge, 1910, pp. 75-127). The Life of Pisentius is made up of miraculous episodes; these do not always appear in the same order in the different versions and may |
sometimes have additions or omissions—in some cases homiletic passages. De L. O'Leary (1930) identifies four versions: one in Sahidic Coptic, attributed to John the Presbyter; one in Bohairic Coptic, attributed |
to MOSES OF QIFT; and two in Arabic, one shorter than the other. O'Leary also gives a careful summary of the versions. The text is clearly based on a preexisting |
collection of episodes, so that it is later than the version attributed to Moses of Qift. The main feature of the version attributed to John the Presbyter is that it |
has the form of a real homily, with an added prologue, conclusion, and personal reflections by the author. These are of an encomiastic or moral nature, inserted between episodes or |
groups of episodes. The most interesting sections are the prologue (which also discusses the literary justification for the work), a digression on Jacob, another on Moses, to whom Pisentius is |
[Editorial note: [...] indicates use of Coptic, Greek, Arabic, or Egyptian text. Original script is available for viewing in the PDF format of this article.] SULLAM (or scala). The Arabic term for a Coptic-Arabic dictionary is sullam (ladder; plural salalim), because the words are arranged to the left (Coptic) and the ... |
of which two versions survive, Sahidic (Munier, 1930, pp. 1-43) and Bohairic, both found in many manuscripts (Graf, 1947, pp. 372-74). It is not a dictionary but a glossary of terms in biblical and liturgical books, mainly the New Testament, a portion of the Old Testament, and some liturgical texts. The words are given... |
order in which they occur, except repetitions. The sullam begins with the Gospel of St. John because of its easy style. Anba Yuhanna did not intend to write a dictionary in the modern sense of the term but a manual for his readers, to enable them to understand religious texts. The beginning of St. John’s Gospel runs as... |
(MUQADDIMAH), wrote another “rhymed” scala, which he finished in 1263-1264. He used a larger number of liturgical books and two ancient scalae, as is revealed in the preface of his book. His scala is lost. As a sullam muqaffa, or rhymed scala, it was arranged after the last letter of the words. It comprised two parts: ... |
words with prefixes and suffixes (Sidarus, 1978, p. 130). An independent work is the anonymous Sahidic-Arabic Daraj as-Sullam (Book of Steps), called in Greek [...] and in Sahidic [...] (The Rung of the Ladder; Munier, 1930, pp. 67-249). Its contents are as follows: chapter 1, miscellanea, as particles, prepositions, n... |
God, good qualities of men, the heavens, the earth, the sea and mountains, the whole universe; chapters 20-23, various subjects; chapters 24-26, words and sentences of the Old Testament (lacking in al-Samannudi’s scala); chapter 27, “difficult” words (hnlexic eumokh ibid., pp. 135-36). An anonymous Greek-Bohairic-Arabi... |
as they occurred in the text. Alphabetical arrangement was a relatively late development. The first alphabetical dictionary in the world was perhaps Glaukias’ lexicon, dating from 180 B.c. In the beginning, the alphabetical order was not strictly observed, for only the first letter was taken into consideration, and lat... |
(fifth or sixth century AD.) was entirely alphabetical (Schwyzer, 1939, p. 29). So it seems that the alphabetical arrangement in Coptic lexicography was an independent attempt to arrange words in alphabetical order. Furthermore, the demotic “alphabetical” word list had nothing to do with Coptic classification, as there... |
They descend from Iber, and Iberos is attested as a personal name ([...]). One must read [...], a Georgian. Coptic glossaries were highly appreciated in the Middle Ages and even in modern times as they permitted their readers access to the sense of the Holy Scriptures in Coptic. The situation is however somewhat differ... |
collect words in religious sources from original texts and not from secondhand glossaries. But ordered lexicons containing words from daily life are constantly referred to, mainly for natural history, geography, and, of course, dictionaries (Crum, 1939; Vycichl, 1983). These lexicons were written at a time when Coptic,... |
language was full of Arabic words, as one can see from a medical papyrus (Chassinat, 1921) or a treatise on alchemy (Stern, 1885). There seem to be only very few words of Arabic origin in the scalae; for example, B [...], rice (Kircher, 1643, p. 194) modern Arabic ar-ruzz, a medieval and modern form of urz (with many v... |
Kircher’s Lingua Aegyptiaca Restituta (1643). Although it certainly does not meet modern standards, it was for its time excellent and marks the very beginning of Coptic studies in Europe. Champollion used it 180 yea rs later for deciphering the hieroglyphs. Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical... |
Shoah exhibits educate, provoke sad memories HAMILTON — It was difficult for Emmy Weisz to watch the documentary on Anne Frank. As a child in Amsterdam, just one year younger than Frank, Weisz had walked the same streets, stepped inside |
the same buildings as the famed diarist. But Weisz attended the opening of Anne Frank: A History for Today because she knows it is important to share these stories and educate the community. The official opening, presented in partnership with |
Temple Anshe Sholom and the Canada Netherlands Friendship Association, took place Nov. 18. Anne Frank: A History for Today is one of two travelling exhibitions brought to Hamilton’s Temple Anshe Sholom by the Hamilton Jewish Federation Holocaust Education Committee. Anne |
Frank: A History for Today juxtaposes the Frank family’s story against world events before, during and after the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. The exhibit includes photographs of the Frank family and the other occupants |
of the secret annex. Making its Canadian première, Dutch Resistance Art and Official Propaganda, about the period from 1940 to 1945, conveys the Nazi oppression of Holland and its citizens during the occupation. The exhibit is based on three collections |
from the archives of the Anne Frank Center in New York City, with original propaganda posters distributed by the Nazi-controlled Dutch government; linoleum and woodcut prints by Marie de Zaaijer, and original drawings by Dutch artist Henri Pieck. The exhibits |
are on display until Friday, Nov. 30. Dignitaries who spoke at the opening ceremony included Hamilton Jewish Federation president Larry Szpirglas, the temple’s Rabbi Jordan Cohen, the honorary consul for the Netherlands, Richard ter Vrugt, MP David Sweet, Hamilton Mayor |
Bob Bratina, MPP Ted McMeekin and Mario Silva, incoming Canadian chair, Task Force for International Co-operation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research. Szpirglas expressed hope that these exhibits will serve as springboards for discussions about respect, inclusion and social cohesion, |
as well as conversations about bullying, racism and prejudice. Sweet, who along with Silva received a humanitarian award from the committee, called the exhibit an “important and meaningful educational initiative.” He said he’s sometimes asked, “Why people don’t just move |
on?” in regard to the Holocaust. “Any people who have suffered near total annihilation should be assured that for eternity their loss will be remembered,” he said. The opening ceremony also included students from Waterdown District High School and St. |
Jean de Brebeuf Catholic High School speaking about the exhibits, which were housed at the schools for one month before moving to the temple. Students were trained as docents, and hundreds of community members and students toured the exhibits. Weisz, |
82, was a hidden child in Holland. Her father was killed, as were 42 of her close relatives. Her two step-siblings were also hidden. Her mom survived by lying about being Jewish. In May 1943, Weisz escaped on her own |
into hiding. She estimates she hid in 36 different places, having to flee many times after being betrayed. She was often in one room by herself with just one book to keep her company. “I read Ben Hur so many |
times,” she said while touring the exhibit. “Often there was a Bible. I became quite the expert in the New Testament.” Once, one of the daughters living in a home where she was hiding was dating a police officer. He |
warned the family that police would be coming around that evening. That night, Weisz spent hours hiding in a ditch on top of a mountain and watched many children being taken away. She remembers how she felt when she was |
liberated in April 1945. “I was so sure cruelty like that would never happen again,” she said. “But of course, it has.” Weisz married her husband, Erich, in Holland, and they moved to Canada in 1954. They had two children. |
One of my favorite science fiction ideas is in a short story called Light of Other Days about something called “slow glass.” Light took decades to pass through. In this story, the idea was that people could buy glass windows that took so long for the light to pass through, that they could nostalgically watch long gone ... |
their children playing outside as toddlers long after they had gone off to college, or green fields with horses where now ugly cities grew. It was about the speed of light. Here is a concept that is similar. Instead of slow windows, it is slow walls. RavenBrick has made a nanotech wall that can slow down the day’s heat... |
into a building. Using phase-changing material at the molecular level, you get to transfer the warmth of the sun’s heat from the afternoon well into the night. RavenBrick makes several clean tech materials for building that greatly reduce energy needs, most notably windows that turn off the sun, like Sage Electrochromi... |
is this “slow wall”. They claim that their glass-clad Smart Wall: RavenSkin could literally reduce your heating bill to zero! (Coupled with good building design, of course, you can’t expect a zero bill if you put leaky windows in their wall!) Their wall can delay solar heat gain from hot afternoons, to later that night... |
This helps regulate the internal temperatures of buildings. It has excellent R-values to begin with (R-11 or more) so it insulates like a normal wall limiting the conduction and convection of heat. The magic – or science fiction – part is achieved by converting incoming sunlight to infrared, and then directing the flow... |
it to come through the walls. The problem with super well-insulated buildings is that sometimes you do want the suns heat getting in, and regular insulated walls are dumb walls that don’t know when to send the heat in and when to shut it out. The Smart Wall knows because you can tell it. Susan Kraemer writes at CleanTe... |
PV-Insider , SmartGridUpdate and GreenProphet and has been published at Ecoseed, NRDC OnEarth, MatterNetwork, Celsius, EnergyNow and Scientific American. As a former serial entrepreneur in product design she brings an innovator's perspective on inventing a carbon-constrained civilization: If necessity is the mother of ... |
Benefits of touch typing on task performance: I assume that when comparing skilled individuals, two handed touch typing on a traditional keyboard is faster, more reliable, and more automatic, than the other methods of text input that you mention (e.g., phone or tablet keyboards). These advantages are discussed here. - ... |
not need to be allocated to the keyboard which permits more attention to be placed on the content or the screen. - The greater reliability and automaticity mean that less attention needs to be allocated to the task of typing than to other methods. - A more consistent keyboard layout across devices further justifies the... |
the cognitive and performance benefits of skilled touch typing, check out Yechiam et al (2003). Discussing the benefits of touch typing over visual typing, they state: One main distinction of the touch-typing strategy appears to be the ability to look at the screen while typing and to devote a minimal level of visual s... |
the memorization of key positions and finger trajectories, which makes touch-typing a difficult skill to acquire. Other differences between touch-typing and visually guided typing include touch typists' (a) use of all fingers of both hands, as opposed to the use of one hand of only some of the fingers; (b) fixed assign... |
of the palms (Crooks, 1964). Broader cognitive benefits of touch typing: While I have not read any specific research testing the idea, I think the benefits of touch typing relate to its superiority as a text entry method and not as some broader tool for brain integration. A large body of research on psychomotor and cog... |
to be minimal. The domains would need to have some overlapping elements. More broadly, there is a strong link between unemployment and depression (e.g., Frese & Mohr, 1987). Engaging in meaningful or enjoyable activity might help improve mood in some cases (e.g., juggling, mastering some other new skill). However, I do... |
Cooper, W. E. (1983). Introduction. In W. E. Cooper (Ed.), Cognitive aspects of skilled typewriting (pp. 1-38). New York: Springer-Verlag. - Crooks, M. (1964). Touch typing for teachers. London: Pitman. - Frese, M., & Mohr, G. (1987). Prolonged unemployment and depression in older workers: A longitudinal study of inter... |
A trio of superstar health innovators have a message for the broken U.S health care system: broaden the definition of health to include basic life necessities, bring care to where |
people live and study how it’s done in poor countries where you can’t always rely on expensive tests and drugs to make people better. The persuasive new report on “re-aligning |
health with care” is written by Harvard doctors Paul Farmer (co-founder of the medical nonprofit Partners in Health) and Heidi Behforouz (executive director of the Prevention And Access To Care |
And Treatment [PACT] program) and Rebecca Onie, CEO of the nonprofit Health Leads. In it, they argue that with some rethinking, the U.S. can deliver better care at a lower |
price. They lay out the central problem here: The health care system is in crisis, driven chiefly by escalating costs, suboptimal health outcomes, scarce primary care resources, and rising poverty. |
At the same time…a growing number of health providers around the globe have learned to deliver high-quality health care at low cost. Now we need to align our resources in |
the United States to bring this knowledge fully to bear in saving dollars and lives. Sounds great, but how to do it? The key, they write in the Summer 2012 |
edition of the Stanford Social Innovation Review is to change the way we view the “product” of health care, the places it’s delivered and the providers who dole out patient |
care. Health Includes Basic Needs The authors cite a 2007 study at Johns Hopkins Medical Center in which 98 percent of pediatric residents said that referring well-child patients for help |
with basic needs could improve the children’s health. “But how many of those residents routinely screened their patients for food sufficiency? Only 11 percent.” The moral: Health care is much |
bigger than just prescribing medicine. This is the founding principle of Rebecca Onie’s Health Leads, a group that recruits student volunteers to support doctors prescribing food, heat and other basics |
to low-income patients. In Brazil, they deal with this problem through a program that routinely sends low-income children home after hospitalizations with resources to make sure they have access to |
nutrition, sanitation and psychological support, the paper notes. But in the U.S., the current system provides few incentives to connect patients with basic needs. For example, the authors write that |
Medicaid reimbursements are specifically forbidden when it comes to getting patients plugged in to social services, or helping them obtain food stamps or energy assistance. Health Workers In The Community |
Paul Farmer is an authority on radically rethinking where care is provided. In Haiti’s Central Plateau, with just one doctor for every 50,000 people, Farmer helped pioneer the concept of |
paying community health workers, or accompagnateurs, to visit the homes of patients to make sure they take their medicines, but also attend to other critical needs, like transportation, shoddy housing |
and emotional support. Based on this model, the PACT program was launched in Boston to serve the sickest and most vulnerable HIV-positive and chronically ill patients in the city. That |
model, in turn, has expanded to help other poor, chronically sick patients who live in “the shadow of Harvard’s finest hospitals.” Beyond The M.D. By expanding the ranks of community |
health workers, the authors note, doctors, nurses, social workers and other professionals can “practice to the top of their license” and spend more time doing what they’re trained to do. |
This “task-shifting” also saves money and reduces inefficiencies. The paper concludes: It is by no means a new discovery that poverty and poor health are linked or that health resources |
are more likely to be used if they are offered conveniently to the recipient, or that a goal as complex and ambitious as “health” can be effectively pursued only with |
a multidisciplinary team of workers. But what’s new is this: The U.S. health care system has reached a tipping point. Reform is in the air with primary care especially positioned |
Gwayasdums village is a small community located on Gilford Island. The village is the traditional home of the Kwikwasut'inuxw people, though throughout the historic era a number of groups have used the site as a winter village. Other Kwakwaka'wakw groups that identify closely with Gilford Island are the Gwawa'enuxw, th... |
Kwikwasut'inuxw, formed an informally related cluster of social groupings collectively known as Qui'kwasi ki la or "living inside the mountains". The groups had their own potlatch ring, and they used Gwayasdums as a winter village. Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections. |
NASA / JPL-Caltech / STScI / ESA This image of a pair of colliding galaxies called NGC 6240 shows them in a rare, short-lived phase of their evolution just before they merge into a single, larger galaxy. Click on the image for a larger version. Nothing draws a crowd like |
a spectacular crash - whether it's a NASCAR auto race or a galactic collision. Over the past month, Internet users voted for a cosmic smash-up as their favorite target for a future close-up from the Hubble Space Telescope, and this week you can feast your eyes on two fantastic images |
of galaxies in gridlock. The first "train wreck" comes from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. This is a biggie: Two huge galaxies, each anchored by a central black hole that's millions of times as massive as the sun, are moving toward an imminent pile-up. Exactly how imminent? Millions of years after |
the scene captured in this image - a time span that's a mere blink of the eye on the cosmic scale. "One of the most exciting things about the image is that this object is unique," Stephanie Bush of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, says in a news release about |
the observations. "Merging is a quick process, especially when you get to the train wreck that is happening. There just aren't many galactic mergers at this stage in the nearby universe." Spitzer's image of NGC 6240, which is 400 million light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus, highlights the bursts of |
infrared radiation as the dust and gas from the two galaxies slam together. All that pressure creates new generations of hot stars, blazing away in infrared wavelengths even though the radiation in visible wavelengths is obscured by dust clouds. Because of this phenomenon, these starry swirls are known as luminous |
infrared galaxies. In the news release, the Spitzer science team point to the streams of stars being ripped off the galaxies - "tidal tails" that extend into space in all directions. And this is just the warmup act: Bush and her colleagues expect the galactic black holes to hit head-on. |
That would upgrade NGC 6240's status to that of an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy, thousands of times as bright in infrared as our own Milky Way. The findings are detailed in The Astrophysical Journal. In addition to Bush, the paper's co-authors include Zhong Wang, Margarita Karovska and Giovanni Fazio, all of |
the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. This week's other galactic crash was witnessed by the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile. Two galaxies are piling into each other 70 million light-years away in the constellation Libra, and just as in the case of NGC 6240, the clashing clouds o... |
gas and dust are sparking waves of stellar fireworks. |This color composite image from the ESO Very Large Telescope in Chile shows Arp 261. Click on the picture for a larger version. These galaxies, collectively known as Arp 261, aren't as big as the monsters in NGC 6240. They're on |
the scale of dwarf galaxies, similar to the Magellanic Clouds orbiting the Milky Way. In this week's image advisory, the ESO says the focus of research in this picture actually isn't the wide-screen view of smashing galaxies, but a detailed look at an unusually long-lasting, X-ray-emitting supernova. This image adds |
little white bars to highlight the location of the supernova. The picture also includes other objects at a wide range of distances. If you click on a higher-resolution view, you'll be able to make out a sprinkling of background galaxies on the right side of the picture. Those galaxies may |
be 50 to 100 times farther away than Arp 261, the ESO says. Toward the top left corner of the picture, you can see two red-green-blue streaks. Those are two small asteroids in our solar system's main asteroid belt. The streaks are multicolored because the ESO's picture was taken through |
different color filters - and the asteroids were moving through the telescope field even as the exposures were switched from one filter to the next. Correction for 3:30 p.m. ET March 18: I fixed a bad link to the Saturn transit story ... Sorry about that! After reading all the |
perceptive comments below, I've also edited the item to straighten something out about the timing of events at NGC 6240. We will likely see an even more spectacular pile-up there millions of years from now, but because the galaxies are so distant, and because the speed of light is finite, |
Since its origin, the Scouting program has been an educational experience concerned with values. In 1910, the first activities for Scouts were designed to build character, physical fitness, practical skills, and service. These elements were part of the original Cub Scout program and continue to be part of Cub Scouting ... |
should also extend into every aspect of Cub Scouting. Cub Scout leaders should strive to use Cub Scouting's 12 core values throughout all elements of the program—service projects, ceremonies, games, skits, songs, crafts, and all the other activities enjoyed at den and pack meetings Cub Scouting's 12 Core Values Contrib... |
and showing concern for the well-being of others. Being helpful and working together with others toward a common goal Being brave and doing what is right regardless of our fears, the difficulties, or the consequences. Having inner strength and confidence based on our trust in God. ||Health and Fitness: Being personally... |
and being worthy of trust. Sticking with something and not giving up, even if it is difficult. Being cheerful and setting our minds to look for and find the best in all situations. Using human and other resources to their fullest. Showing regard for the worth of something or someone. Fulfilling our duty to God, country... |
the Scout Law Boy Scouts learn and strive to live by the Scout Law: A Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent Many of the core values of Cub Scouting relate directly to the Scout Law: |Health and Fitness Character can be defined as the col... |
commitment and action. Character development should challenge Cub Scouts to experience core values in six general areas: God, world, country, community, family, and self. Character is "values in action." The goals of the Cub Scout leader are - to seek out and maximize the many opportunities to incorporate character dev... |
to his family, community, country, world, and God Character development should not be viewed as something done occasionally as part of a separate program, or as part of only one area of life. For in reality, character development is a part of everything a Cub Scout does. Character development lessons can be found in ev... |
to developing character, the complete person must be considered. Character development involves at least three critical areas: - Know (thought) - Commit (feeling) - Practice (behavior) In Cub Scouting, addressing these three critical areas and relating them to values is referred to as Character Connections. Character C... |
understand what honesty means and they must be able to reason about and interpret each situation, and then decide how to apply the principles of honesty. What do I think or know about the core value? How does the context of this situation affect this core value? What are some historical, literary, or religious examples... |
moral motivation. Children must be committed to doing what they know is right. They must be able to understand the perspectives of others, to consider how others feel, and to develop an active moral conscience. Why is this core value important? What makes living out this core value different? What will it take to live ... |
of moral habits through guided practice. Children need opportunities to practice the social and emotional skills necessary for doing what is right but difficult, and to experience the core values in their lives. How can I act according to this core value? How do I live out this core value? How can I practice this value... |
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