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sciences. Dr. Michael Kavanaugh of the University of Montana, Missoula, will collaborate with the Exploratorium in San Francisco to create the Brainzone, a neuroscience learning center. Designed for K-12 students and adults, the Brainzone will feature four exhibits, a computer learning laboratory to teach neuroscience ... |
of fruit fly neurobiology. The Brainzone will open in a high-profile retail mall that tallies 7 million annual visits and will also travel to isolated, underserved, rural, and tribal schools throughout the state. Dr. Dina Markowitz of the University of Rochester in New York will develop, field test, disseminate, and ev... |
for high school biology students. The activities, designed so that teachers can easily integrate them into existing curricula, will also educate students about the ways in which neuroscience research directly applies to their lives as well as about careers that require neuroscience knowledge. This project will also rec... |
workshops for their peers throughout New York and the United States. Dr. Leslie Miller of William Marsh Rice University in Houston will develop a game-based Web site to help high school students understand the role of clinical trials in the research process. Players will assume various professional roles in clinical tr... |
adoption of new treatments based on neuroscience research. Dr. Nancy Moreno of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston leads a group that will develop, evaluate, and disseminate an inquiry-based science and health curriculum to enhance students' neuroscience knowledge and understanding in grades K-5. Teachers will be abl... |
through the development of programs at the Institute, a high school course, and a digital toolkit of educational materials for K-12. The programs will help students understand how the brain interacts with the rest of the body to shape responses to the environment. The activities will emphasize personal aspects of healt... |
Utah in Salt Lake City will develop inquiry-based, multimedia educational applications for touch-interface devices to teach students the neurophysiology of the five senses. The applications will demonstrate how research can lead to improved treatments for sensory impairments. Local, state, regional, and national worksh... |
Doctors Urge Parents to Lower Volume Controls on Holiday Electronics MONDAY Dec. 21, 2009 -- If you're giving your teenager an iPod or other music player this holiday season, consider a bonus present to help their hearing: Preset the top volume level to one-half or two-thirds of the actual maximum. That's the advice fr... |
They warn that sound over 85 decibels -- well short of the volume limit some music players carry -- can cause hearing loss. People are also at risk when they listen to music for too long. "As parents, we can't hear how loud their music is when they have the earbuds in, so this is an important step," Dr. Ron |
Eavey, chair of the medical center's Department of Otolaryngology, said in a Vanderbilt news release. "I can tell you that if you hear the music coming from their headphones, it is too loud, but an easier way to know for sure is to preset the device. This will still allow them to listen to and enjoy their music but wil... |
safeguard against ear-damaging volume levels." Many music players can be programmed to not allow their volume to go beyond a specified level. Anne Marie Tharpe, professor and chair of hearing and speech sciences at Vanderbilt, said in the same release that hearing loss isn't always obvious, especially in kids. "The sym... |
April 30, 2009 Dear Child Care Provider, As the number of cases of H1N1 (swine flu) virus continues to increase across the country, we wanted to make sure you had important information as a child care provider about steps you might consider taking to help keep the children in your |
care healthy. If a child at your facility becomes ill with flu-like symptoms, please send that child home immediately and disinfect your child care environment thoroughly. The child should be tested by their local physician to determine if they have the H1N1 virus. The child should not return to the |
facility until they are cleared by the doctor. Dismissal of students should be strongly considered in schools with a confirmed or a suspected case linked to a confirmed case by disease investigation (epidemiology). This determination should be made in conjunction with your Regional Office of Pubic Health Medical Direct... |
other facilities, such as schools, close because of a confirmed case of H1N1 virus you should resist taking these children into your center temporarily. Accepting these children into your center only negates the reason of why the facility closed in the first place - to keep the virus from spreading |
to others. In addition, if parents of children at the facility travel to Mexico, they should isolate themselves upon return and is up to the child care center if they will let the child return. Below are additional steps provided by the Centers for Disease Control that you should consider |
taking at your facility to help prevent the spread of disease, as well as share with parents. Remind children and care providers to wash their hands or use alcohol-based hand cleaners, and make sure that supplies are available to prevent the spread of germs. - Encourage care providers and children |
to use soap and water to wash hands when hands are visibly soiled, or an alcohol-based hand cleaner when soap and water are not available and hands are not visibly soiled. - Encourage care providers to wash their hands to the extent possible between contacts with infants and children, such |
as before meals or feedings, after wiping the child's nose or mouth, after touching objects such as tissues or surfaces soiled with saliva or nose drainage, after diaper changes, and after assisting a child with toileting. - Encourage care providers to wash the hands of infants and toddlers when the |
hands become soiled. - Encourage children to wash hands when their hands have become soiled. Teach children to wash hands for 15-20 seconds (long enough for children to sing the "Happy Birthday" song twice). - Oversee the use of alcohol-based hand cleaner by children and avoid using these on the |
sensitive skin of infants and toddlers. - Rub hands thoroughly until the alcohol has dried, when using alcohol-based hand cleaner. - Keep alcohol-based hand cleaner out of the reach of children to prevent unsupervised use. - Ensure that sink locations and restrooms are stocked with soap, paper towels or working |
hand dryers. - Ensure that each child care room and diaper changing area is supplied with alcohol-based hand cleaner when sinks for washing hands are not readily accessible. Alcohol-based hand cleaner is not recommended when hands are visibly soiled. Keep the child care environment clean and make sure that supplies |
are available. - Clean frequently touched surfaces, toys, and commonly shared items at least daily and when visibly soiled. - Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered household disinfectant labeled for activity against bacteria and viruses, an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant, or EPA-registered chlor... |
any EPA-registered disinfectant. If EPA-registered chlorine bleach is not available and a generic (i.e., store brand) chlorine bleach is used, mix ¼ cup chlorine bleach with 1 gallon of cool water. - Keep disinfectants out of the reach of children. Remind children and care providers to cover their noses and |
mouths when sneezing or coughing. - Advise children and care providers to cover their noses and mouths with a tissue when sneezing or coughing, and to put their used tissue in a waste basket. - Make sure that tissues are available in all nurseries, child care rooms, and common areas |
such as reading rooms, classrooms, and rooms where meals are provided. - Encourage care providers and children to wash their hands or use an alcohol-based hand rub as soon as possible, if they have sneezed or coughed on their hands. In addition, CDC recommends that if a child, parent or |
care provider becomes ill and experiences any of the following warning signs, emergency medical care should be sought. In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: - Fast breathing or trouble breathing - Bluish skin color - Not drinking enough fluids - Not waking up or not |
interacting - Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held - Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough - Fever with a rash During this health crisis, please continue to monitor the Department of Health and Hospitals (DHH) website for the most |
up to date and relevant information related not only to your personal health but also to the operation of your child care facility. The Department of Social Services follows the recommendations of DHH regarding community health issues. A special web site regarding the H1N1 virus has been set up by |
The chart said the patientís problem today was a painful spider bite. It seemed a little unlikely to me, because I donít see too many of the creepy critters in mid-January, but I agreed to take a look. What I found was a big angry red bump on the patientís |
lower back. It was about the size of a half-dollar and very tender. Right in the center was a pustule (the medical term for a zit). A brief discussion with the patient revealed this had happened to his spouse a couple of weeks before. Was it a spider infestation? Not |
quite. This is the one of the commonest presentations of a different kind of critter Ė a microscopic one Ė known as community-acquired MRSA. MRSA stands for methicillin resistant staph aureus. This antibiotic-resistant bug first appeared years ago in hospitals. Itís still there. Unfortunately, the bug has become so com... |
that it made the jump to the community setting. MRSA has also become so common that it is now one of the leading causes of skin and soft-tissue infections. As with its cousin, staph aureus, once exposed, a person can carry this bacteria on the skin without knowing it. However, |
MRSA is a bit more potent and can take advantage of minor skin injury to enter the soft tissue and cause deeper infection. Sometimes, MRSA starts as a pimple and may resolve without treatment. Other times it may begin as, or evolve, to become a deeper infection under the skin. |
The resulting red, painful, hard bump is frequently mistaken for a spider bite. Left unattended, the infection may abscess, forming a pocket of pus (also known as a boil). Sometimes, pus will spontaneously drain. Not uncommonly, it becomes necessary for the doctor to drain the abscess using a scalpel blade |
(after injecting a local anaesthetic to numb it). The earlier MRSA skin and tissue infections are diagnosed, the better. I have seen abscesses become quite large and deep. These are more difficult to treat and take longer to heal. Even though MRSA is resistant to some antibiotics, thankfully, MRSA infections |
can still be treated with other types of antibiotics when needed. For small abscesses, sometimes scalpel drainage is all that is needed. People with weakened immune systems may be more susceptible to recurrent MRSA infection. This includes people on immune suppressing drugs, those with chronic illness and the elderly. ... |
course, the whole problem with resistant bacteria began with, and continues to be, the overuse of antibiotics. These powerful drugs should be saved for true bacterial infections in situations where they have been shown to benefit. The decision about when to use antibiotics should be part of an honest conversation |
There are many types of biomass—organic matter such as plants, residue from agriculture and forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes—that can now be used to produce fuels, chemicals, and power. Wood has been used to provide heat for thousands of years. This flexibility has resulted in incr... |
renewable energy consumed in the United States was biomass-based in Biomass technologies break down organic matter to release stored energy from the sun. Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass. Most biofuels are used for transportation, but some are used as fuels to produce electricity. The expanded... |
environment. Current biofuels research focuses on new forms of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, and on biofuels conversion processes. Ethanol—an alcohol—is made primarily from the starch in corn grain. It is most commonly used as an additive to petroleum-based fuels to reduce toxic air emissions and increase oct... |
use is relatively small, but its benefits to air quality are Biodiesel is produced through a process that combines organically-derived oils with alcohol (ethanol or methanol) in the presence of a catalyst to form ethyl or methyl ester. The biomass-derived ethyl or methyl esters can be blended with conventional diesel f... |
organic matter that is available on a renewable basis. These materials are commonly referred to Biomass feedstocks include dedicated energy crops, agricultural crops, forestry residues, aquatic crops, biomass processing residues, municipal waste, and animal waste. Dedicated energy crops Herbaceous energy crops are pere... |
(also known as elephant grass or e-grass), bamboo, sweet sorghum, tall fescue, kochia, wheatgrass, and others. Short-rotation woody crops are fast-growing hardwood trees that are harvested within 5 to 8 years of planting. These include hybrid poplar, hybrid willow, silver maple, eastern cottonwood, green ash, black wal... |
oil and meal, wheat starch, and vegetable oils. They generally yield sugars, oils, and extractives, although they can also be used to produce plastics as well as other chemicals and Agriculture Crop Residues Agriculture crop residues include biomass materials, primarily stalks and leaves, that are not harvested or remo... |
straw, and rice straw. With approximately 80 million acres of corn planted annually, corn stover is expected to become a major feedstock for biopower Forestry residues include biomass not harvested or removed from logging sites in commercial hardwood and softwood stands as well as material resulting from forest managem... |
variety of aquatic biomass resources, such as algae, giant kelp, other seaweed, and marine microflora. Biomass Processing Residues Biomass processing yields byproducts and waste streams that are collectively called residues and have significant energy potential. Residues are simple to use because they have already been... |
commercial, and institutional post-consumer waste contains a significant proportion of plant-derived organic material that constitute a renewable energy resource. Waste paper, cardboard, wood waste, and yard waste are examples of biomass resources in municipal waste. Farms and animal-processing operations create animal... |
biomass feedstocks, such as municipal waste, are found throughout the United States. Others, such as energy crops, are concentrated in the eastern half of the country. As technologies develop to more efficiently process complex feedstocks, the biomass resource base will expand. Collecting Gas from Landfills Landfills c... |
Methane is the same energy-rich gas that is in natural gas, the fuel sold by natural gas utility companies. It is colorless and odorless. Natural gas utilities add an odorant (bad smell) so people can detect seeping gas, but it can be dangerous to people or the environment. New rules require landfills to collect methan... |
Solar could be answer to rising energy bills Research by leading free solar installer A Shade Greener shows that solar could be the answer to rising energy bills. Recent research |
shows that energy prices have double from 1990 to 2011 leaving consumers struggling to pay their energy bills. According to official figures from the Department of Energy and Climate Change |
the average cost of a domestic electricity bill is now £533 and consumers are paying an average of 13.55 pence per kilowatt hour for their energy. The official DECC energy |
trends publication shows the real cost that consumers paid for their electricity during 2011. A typical solar electric system has been shown to cut a households electric bill by 37% |
reducing the average UK bill by £197 based on 2011 DECC figures. The current availability of free solar, the drop in solar costs over the last 2 years and the |
governments upcoming Green Deal means that consumers have a range of options to use solar PV at home. Energy costs are predicted to rise significantly over the next 25 years |
with a typical household electricity bill breaking the £1,000 mark before then. Stewart Davies, Director of A Shade Greener urged, "Energy bills are only going to get more expensive and |
we need to be helping households that spend a large proportion of their household income on energy. Solar can help insulate those families against these inevitable price rises." Stewart continued |
to demonstrate; "According to our figures a typical household could save nearly £5,000* on their energy bills over a typical 25 year solar pv system lifetime based on 2011 figures |
provided by DECC. Our customers are currently saving a combined 1.7 million pounds a year on their electricity bills." *The nearly £5,000 figure is calculated by multiplying the annual £197 |
saving over 25 years, the agreement time of ASG's free systems. It does not however take into account future energy price rises or inflation which would greatly increase this figure. |
It is the lowest income households that are getting hit hardest by rising domestic energy costs. It is only due schemes such as the forthcoming Green Deal and privately funded |
In the September issue of ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR, there was an Industry Watch story titled “Efficiency from the Wall to the PC,” about an organization that is campaigning for more efficient power “cords.” There was a reference to a quote indicating |
only 50 percent of the power that leaves the outlet reaches the PC because energy “leaks” out of inefficient power cords. However, a typical PC line cord has 0.3 ohms of resistance. If the computer consumes 720W, that is 6A |
on 120V circuit. The power loss in the cord is 6A^2*0.3 ohm = 7.8W. Relative to the computer itself, that is approximately a 1 percent loss of power delivered from the outlet, a 99 percent efficiency rating. A few readers |
wrote to us about the inaccurate terminology. It should have read power “supplies,” and, of course, energy does not literally “leak” out of the power cord. It is lost within the inefficient components, such as the computer’s power supply. As |
with most power quality issues, Ohm’s and Kirchoff’s Laws still apply here. These rules are how we calculate the voltage and current through an electrical distribution system or an electronic circuit. Next, we need another similar equation, where power = |
voltage × current (though not necessarily a simple math multiplication in most cases with today’s systems). Finally, the formula for efficiency is useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed. In electrical engineering terms used by the utility |
companies, this definition equates to the parameter called “power factor” (PF). Many people today use the term “true power factor,” which is the watts (W) divided by the volt-amperes (VA). This agrees with the definition above. The W is the |
power used by the load. It is divided by the VA, which is the power delivered by the utility company, to obtain the PF. Of course, having a term called “true power factor” implies there is another term called “false |
power factor,” which isn’t correct; the opposite term is “displacement power factor” (DPF), which is the cosine of the angle between the voltage and current. In the old days prior to harmonic distorted and unbalanced systems, PF and DPF would |
be equal—but not anymore. However, that is a discussion for another day. The Web site from which the misworded quotes originated explains the inefficiency of the individual voltage regulators on other boards within the computer, as well as the load |
of the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to remove the heat from the building, and so on, further reducing the efficiency. Since most HVACs today use adjustable speed drives to be more efficient, the efficiency of the heat |
removal depends on the load that is directly impacted by the ambient temperature and emitted temperature from the loads, among other factors. The article on the Web site references an Electric Power Research Institute study on the efficiency of power |
supplies themselves. Efficiency of just a computer’s power supply depends on a number of factors, including the percentage of full-rated power that is being drawn from power supply, operating temperature, input AC voltage level and so on. What this graph |
doesn’t tell is, at lower loading, the current harmonic distortion goes up. So the real efficiency would have to account for the increased losses in the power transformers due to harmonic currents. Of course, the lower load means less power |
itself is being consumed, hence less carbon, energy and, therefore, money. You can see that determining the true efficiency of a computer needs accounting for many variables that can make the answer vary quite significantly. So, I advise anyone to |
take any claims of money savings through efficiency with a grain of salt. What I really think is important is not the efficiency, but the effectiveness of the power supplied. Efficiency should not be confused with effectiveness: A system that |
wastes most of its input power but produces exactly what it is meant to is effective but not efficient. The term efficiency only makes sense in reference to the desired effect. Examples include the incandescent light bulb—2 percent efficiency at |
emitting light; electronic amplifier—50 percent efficiency to speakers; and electric kettle—90 percent efficiency in boiling water. In a computer, the efficiency is significantly affected by the microprocessor. This has been brought to the forefront with AMD’s introduction of its newly |
minted quad-core processor, which is code-named Barcelona. According to InfoWorld, “the chip delivers more than twice the combined integer and floating-point performance of its two-core predecessor at the same thermal envelope … . That, to me, is a textbook example |
of a green technological advancement. It means AMD has minted a processor with significantly higher performance per watt than its predecessor, a metric that’s becoming increasingly important to datacenter operators.” So to readers who spotted the miswording that, if true, |
would have resulted in changing the laws of physics with regards to power cords efficiency, thank you for helping to get this corrected. And to those concerned about efficiency, perhaps we should broaden the scope to encompass the complete picture |
of effectiveness—what power the electric utility must supply to perform the work the consumer requires, whether a computer or an entire facility. EC BINGHAM, a contributing editor for power quality, can be reached at 732.287.3680. |
AS the electoral turmoil faded into the background, Ukraine marked two important anniversaries last week. The first was eight years since the Orange Revolution of 2004. The second was eight decades since the Holodomor. Holodomor literally means death by hunger. |
In 1932 and 1933, a vast famine in Soviet Ukraine killed three to seven million people, according to estimates. While people starved, the grain was shut away in barns for export. Many historians agree that the famine was man-made; some |
say it was genocide. Yet the Holodomor is not widely known about outside Ukraine. In the 1930s, it was hushed up by many western correspondents in return for access to the Kremlin. Among them was Walter Duranty of the New |
York Times, who received the Pulitzer Prize for his reporting from the USSR. (There have been calls to revoke his Pulitzer posthumously, so far unsuccessful). One of the exceptions was Welsh journalist Gareth Jones whose reporting of the Ukrainian famine |
had him banned from the USSR. He was later killed in mysterious circumstances at the age of only 29. Meanwhile, the cover-up has left “profound consequences for Ukraine, which remains poorly understood in the West,” says Rory Finnin, a lecturer |
in Ukrainian Studies at Cambridge University, where Mr Jones had been a student. Viktor Yushchenko, the former president of Ukraine, did a lot to raise awareness about the Holodomor. Kyiv now houses a stirring candle-shaped memorial and Holodomor museum. But |
the leader of the 2004 Orange Revolution has fallen from grace. In the October elections, Mr Yushchenko’s party, Our Ukraine, got just 1% of the vote, losing all its 72 seats in parliament. On the anniversary of the Orange Revolution |
last week only a small crowd gathered on the legendary Independence Square. Someone had brought along a portrait of Yulia Tymoshenko, the heroine of the Orange Revolution who remains behind bars. Another woman held a single orange. The tragedy of |
1932-1933 has become politicised. In his view of the Holodomor, the current president, Viktor Yanukovych, has differed from his predecessor. For the third year now, the commemorations took place without state support. Even so, on November 23rd events went ahead |
focus was on those who saved others from starvation. Before dusk 2,000 people gathered under the Holodomor memorial in Kyiv, decorated with loaves of bread, bunches of wheat and a sea of candles. At 4pm, there was a moment of |
silence and people across Ukraine lit candles in their windows. Octogenarian Kateryna, who grew up in the countryside before moving to Kyiv in the 1940s, was sitting beside a candle burning in her kitchen. She heaps sugar into her china |
In this lecture you will learn how to undertake Solving Quadratic Systems. First you will start with Linear Quadratic Systems as well as their Solutions, before you move into Quadratic Quadratic Systems and their Solutions. Lastly, you will learn how to solve Systems of Quadratic Inequalities. linear-quadratic system, ... |
to solve. quadratic-quadratic system, use elimination to solve. inequalities, remember the conventions about graphing boundaries using either solid or dotted lines. If possible, check your solutions to systems of equations by graphing. Solving Quadratic Systems Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important poi... |
One of the more difficult and uncomfortable types of pain comes from nerve pain (called Neuropathic Pain or Neuropathies). Whether the pain comes from diabetes, shingles, fibromyalgia, chemotherapy, or a host of other causes, this searing, burning, electric shock kind of pain can leave you miserable. Unfortunately, mos... |
still not trained in treating nerve pain, and give anti-inflammatory medications like Motrin (which are not effective) or narcotics, which are modestly effective. The good news is that NERVE PAIN IS VERY TREATABLE. Many studies have shown that using nutritional support with lipoic acid 300 mg 2x day, Acetyl L-Carnitine |
500-1,500 mg 2x day, Inositol (500-1,000 mg a day), and Vitamins B6 (50-100 mg a day) and B12 (500-5,000 mcg a day—both B vitamins and Inositol are in the Energy Revitalization System vitamin powder) can actually help heal the nerves and decrease or eliminate the pain. Nerves take time to |
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