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that this is not a Landmark in either of these Jurisdictions, since neither New York not Texas admit Wardens to Grand Lodge. In the General Assemblies of Ancient times each Mason, Craftsman or Entered Apprentice, represented himself. In Grand Lodges Masons are represented by their officers. Evidently a change has |
been made in the manner of governing the Craft. As a Landmark is not subject to change, this particular principle of law does not conform to Mackey's definition of a Landmark. No wonder his neighbor's landmark is a matter of confusion to brethren from neighboring but differing Jurisdictions! Mackey's fourteenth |
Landmark asserts that every Mary Mason has the right of visitation. Just what is a "right?" Until that word is defined this so-called Landmark cannot be discussed intelligently. If it here means "power superior to all other powers," then it is merely nonsense. If it here means "privileged until a |
higher privilege overcomes it," how may it be considered to conform to the requirements of a Landmark? Even so, how can the word "right" be translated "privilege?" A privilege may be withdrawn; an inherent right cannot! as many Jurisdictions rule on the "right of visit" in different ways - even |
those which have adopted Mackey's list - it can hardly be considered a true Landmark, "if" we judge by Mackey's own pronouncement on what constitutes a Landmark and "if" the word "right" means what it says. In some jurisdictions a Mason cannot visit without a good standing card; in others |
any member may object to any visitor and the Master must exclude; in still others, some Masters close the doors of their lodges to all visitors on election nights, and so on. Occasionally there is a conflict between ritual and Landmarks as adopted. A certain Jurisdiction lists fifty-four Landmarks, of |
which Number 18 reads: "Every Lodge, Grand or Subordinate, when lawfully congregated, must be regularly clothed, tyled and opened before it can proceed to work." Many other Jurisdictions agree that it is a Landmark that a Lodge must be "duly tiled." Our ancient brethren met on high hills and low |
vales to observe the approach of cowans and eavesdroppers. Did they "truly tile?" California Lodge No. 1 of the District of Columbia was chartered to go to California during the gold rush of 1849. Had that Lodge (now California No.1 on the register of the Grand Lodge of California) been |
wrecked going around the horn; had only the members of the Lodge, with their charter, been saved upon an otherwise uninhabited island; if they then held meetings with no tiler - since there were no cowans or eavesdroppers against whom to tile - would they have violated the so-called Landmark? |
Many rituals give "three" as the irreducible minimum for a Master Mason's Lodge; a Lodge must have a Master and two Wardens. If under some strange circumstances, three and only three met as a Lodge, what becomes of the so-called Landmark which requires a Tiler? Secrecy undoubtedly conforms to the |
classification of the three essentials of a Landmark; but about "the means" of securing secrecy is at least room for argument. Other Masonic laws, good where in force but not necessarily Landmarks, are Mackey's 8th: "The prerogative of the Grand Master to make Masons at sight" and the 11th Landmark |
of a Western Grand Lodge which reads: "Every person, to be made a Mason must be a man of lawful age, free born and; hale and sound, as a man ought to be." Several Grand Jurisdictions have enacted legislation preventing a Grand Master from convening an Emergent Lodge for the |
purpose of Making a Mason "at sight." Others consider that it is an inherent right of Grand Masters to convene Emergent Lodges (that is, give a certain number of brethren a dispensation to hold a Lodge) and that no law can take this right from him. If a Landmark cannot |
be changed, and this "has been" changed, is it truly a Landmark, or merely a matter of common law? All will agree that no woman can be made a Mason. But what becomes of the "lawful age" provision in the face of the fact that Washington - and many another |
man - was made a Mason before he was twenty-one? He would be a daring debater who argued that the Father of His Country was not regularly and legitimately initiated. The "hale and sound" provision is by no means universal; many Jurisdictions stick to the strict letter of the "doctrine |
of the perfect youth" while others admit the lame and the halt under a Grand Master's dispensation, Worshipful Master's judgment or even Grand Lodge law relaxing restrictions in favor of men of the Army or Navy who had arms or legs shot off in the war! A number of Grand |
Jurisdictions have never adopted any list or classification of Landmarks. The thought back of such absence of legislation may be understood from the following, from R.W. Charles C. Hunt, Grand Secretary and Grand Librarian of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. "We hold that the power of the Grand Lodge of |
Iowa in the Jurisdiction of Iowa is limited only by the Ancient Landmarks. We do not attempt to make a list of the Landmarks. "We believe it as unnecessary to adopt an official list of scientific laws, such as the law of gravitation. The Landmarks. like scientific laws, are valid |
only in so far as they are true and their adoption by any so-called body has no effect whatever on their validity. Individual scientists may list what they conceive to be the laws of nature, but no scientific society would undertake officially to adopt these laws as the official laws |
of the science in which they are interested. "The very definition of a Landmark is a fundamental law or principle of Masonry which no body of men or Masons can change or modify. Anything that can be adopted can be repealed. If a Grand Lodge has the power to adopt, |
it has the power to modify or repeal. It is the very fact that they unalterable that makes them similar to scientific laws which cannot be changed or altered by any man or body of men." Some authorities have attempted to formulate lists of Ancient Landmarks which no Mason would |
question. For instance, one very old Jurisdiction states that the Landmarks are: a. Monotheism, the sole dogma of Freemasonry. b. Belief in immortality. c. The Volume of Sacred Law, an indispensable part of the furniture of a Lodge. d. The legend of the Third Degree. f. The symbolism of the |
operative art. g. A Mason must be a freeborn male adult." But then adds "The above list of Landmarks is not declared to be exclusive." Dr. Joseph Fort Newton suggests five fundamentals on which all Masons can agree: "The Fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of man, the moral law, the |
Golden Rule and the hope of a life everlasting." Those who question these as Landmarks usually qualify by agreeing that they are teachings of the Order, but are in doubt as to just how old all of them may be, as such. Dean Roscoe Pound, whose "Masonic Jurisprudence" is generally |
considered to be among the most profound analyses of Landmarks, thinks seven are unquestionable: (1) Belief in God; (2) Belief in the persistence of personality; (3) a Book of the Law as an indispensable part of the furniture of every Lodge; (4) The legend of the Third Degree; (5) Secrecy; |
(6) The symbolism of the operative art; and, (7) That a Mason must be a man free born and of age." Of thirty-nine Jurisdictions of our forty-nine, eighteen either have adopted, recognized or follow Mackey's list of twenty-five Landmarks; two use the Old charges, or Old Charges and General Regulations |
as Landmarks; eight have adopted, recognized or follow lists of Landmarks of their own, and eleven either have not adopted, do not recognize, or do not follow any special compilation of Landmarks, preferring to leave the question untouched. Reduced to a percentage basis, Mackey is followed in 46.1% plus of |
these thirty-nine Jurisdictions; Old charges and Regulations in 5.1%; own Landmarks in 20.5% plus and no special list in 28.2% plus. Obviously there is no universality of opinion as to what is and what is not a Landmark, and yet all Jurisdictions agree there "are" Landmarks. Many "Laws of Nature" |
recognized in former times are believed in no longer; knowledge of science and of nature is in a state of flux. What appears to be the truth today may be the error of tomorrow. Possibly this is true also of our conception of the ancient Landmarks, and that no list |
of all those fundamentals of the Craft which are "actually" Landmarks is possible. Both that statement and this bulletin are without prejudice to the undoubted fact that in those Jurisdictions which have adopted any list of Landmarks, whether all inclusive or not, the principles there denominated as Landmarks have the |
Here is a fun one, There was a man who greatly enjoyed golf. He also could make a perfectly consistent swing. So out of curiosity he decided to challenge a |
mathematician. So first he brought the mathematician to a golf field, with his golf club, a tee, and a ball. He sets the ball on the tee, all ready to |
swing, and then he asks the mathematician, “Write me a formula where z is the total distance the ball will travel, assuming there is no wind, the ground is level, |
The ball starts one inch off the ground, and I hit it with x force at y angle, all before I hit the ball.” He then swings his club, hits |
the ball and much to his surprise the mathematician succeeds. Not only did the mathematician have a flawless formula, but he also had the shortest formula he could have possibly |
DefinitionBy Mayo Clinic staff CLICK TO ENLARGE |Visual acuity test| |Manual visual field testing| A complete eye exam involves a series of tests designed to evaluate your vision and check for eye diseases. Your eye doctor may use a variety of instruments, shine bright lights directly at your eyes and |
When exposed to cold temperatures, especially with a high wind chill factor and high humidity, or to a cool, damp environment for prolonged periods, your body's control mechanisms may fail to keep your body temperature normal. When more heat is lost than your body can generate, hypothermia, defined as an internal body ... |
result. Wet or inadequate clothing, falling into cold water and even not covering your head during cold weather can increase your chances of hypothermia. Signs and symptoms of hypothermia include: - Slurred speech - Abnormally slow breathing - Cold, pale skin - Loss of coordination - Fatigue, lethargy or apathy - Confu... |
(infants) Signs and symptoms usually develop slowly. People with hypothermia typically experience gradual loss of mental acuity and physical ability, so they may be unaware that they need emergency medical treatment. Older adults, infants, young children and people who are very lean are at particular risk. Other people... |
by mental illness or Alzheimer's disease and people who are intoxicated, homeless or caught in cold weather because their vehicles have broken down. Other conditions that may predispose people to hypothermia are malnutrition, cardiovascular disease and an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). To care for someone with h... |
the person's breathing. If breathing stops or seems dangerously slow or shallow, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. - Move the person out of the cold. If going indoors isn't possible, protect the person from the wind, cover the head, and insulate the individual from the cold ground. - Remove wet clo... |
Don't apply direct heat. Don't use hot water, a heating pad or a heating lamp to warm the person. Instead, apply warm compresses to the center of the body — head, neck, chest and groin. Don't attempt to warm the arms and legs. Heat applied to the arms and legs forces cold blood back toward the heart, lungs and brain, |
causing the core body temperature to drop. This can be fatal. - Don't give the person alcohol. Offer warm nonalcoholic drinks, unless the person is vomiting. - Don't massage or rub the person. Handle people with hypothermia gently because their skin may be frostbitten, and rubbing frostbitten tissue can cause severe da... |
Blacks in metropolitan Hartford are slightly more segregated by neighborhood than Latinos, the census study found. But because blacks tend to be more segregated in U.S. cities and suburbs, metro Hartford's segregation ranking for blacks was significantly better - 24th |
of 43 - in 2000. » The latest on traffic, delays and road construction delivered to your mobile phone. Click to sign up to receive text alerts! The Hartford metropolitan area - a 58-town, 1.2 million person region - was |
the fourth most segregated among 36 metros for Latinos in 2000, trailing only Providence, New York and Newark, according to the census study. The study tracked the distribution of people across the nation's largest cities and suburbs between 1980 and |
2000. During that period , Hispanics grew more segregated in most U.S. metro areas the Census Bureau studied, probably because of rapid foreign immigration in those regions. But Greater Hartford bucked that trend. Between 1980 and 2000, only three of |
the metro areas studied by the Census Bureau - San Antonio, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Fla., and Miami - experienced higher rates of Latino integration than Greater Hartford. In contrast, most Northeast metropolitan areas, including Providence, New York and Boston, saw significant |
increases in Latino segregation. Fernando Betancourt, director of the legislature's Latino and Puerto Rican Affairs Commission, said economic advancement has given some Latinos access to new neighborhoods. "Still, I am very aware of the incredible concentration of Latinos in urban |
areas, and how poverty correlates with that fact," he said. And some experts argued that metro Hartford's relatively high Latino segregation standing is the more significant measure to consider than a modest trend toward integration. "I just don't think this |
is one of the places that Latinos did very well," said John Logan, a sociologist at the State University of New York at Albany who studies segregation. "My reading of Hartford is that as the Hispanic population grew substantially in |
the last 20 years, it remained very highly segregated, unusually segregated." In a state where public schools are organized along neighborhood lines and town boundaries, neighborhood residential segregation isn't just a moral issue. It's a legal and financial one - |
especially with Connecticut facing a budget crisis and the prospect that it may need to spend even more on school desegregation because of the Sheff vs. O'Neill case. The state Department of Education says Connecticut has authorized more than $1 |
billion to facilitate school desegregation since the 1997 verdict favoring the plaintiffs in the 13-year-old Sheff case, which charged that segregation was preventing minority students from receiving an equal education. The Sheff plaintiffs say those remedies are not sufficient. Neither |
side would comment on their discussions, nor on how much money could be at stake. But one lawyer for the plaintiffs said that while the progress in neighborhood segregation was good news, the pace of change was too slow to |
mean much for school integration. "That's like waiting for the glaciers to melt to put out a fire," said Dennis Parker, of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. "You need to do something more quickly." While a few suburbs near Hartford |
have many more black and Latino residents than a decade ago, Parker said many of Hartford's outlying suburbs are not becoming significantly more diverse. "In fact, having schools that are not racially and ethnically isolated may speed the process of |
housing change, because the composition of the schools has an effect on where people choose to live," Parker said. The 2000 Census counted about 114,000 Hispanics and 106,000 blacks in the Hartford metro area. Many Latinos are highly concentrated in |
relatively few neighborhoods, almost all of them in either Hartford or New Britain; while blacks are most highly concentrated in Hartford, Bloomfield and Windsor. Blacks and Latinos are about equally likely to live in neighborhoods where their own ethnic group |
Chromosomes are present in every cell of the body. These chromosomes carry the DNA information that defines many aspects of an individual's life. DNA evidence is used to determine if |
the individual will develop normally or not. There are a few genetic abnormalities that may be caught at an early stage of pregnancy. The tendency is to suggest that such |
pregnancies be terminated as they would only lead to the development of children who are born with abnormalities. The karyotype test is used to collect the information needed relating to |
the health and functioning of the chromosomes. There are several steps that need to be followed in order to perform the karyotype test. The sample is collected from a newborn |
baby or from the amniotic fluid of a pregnant woman. The entire karyotype test procedure requires one week to be performed. This is because the cells need to be collected |
and then divided and allowed to grow. When these cells grow in the laboratory, the doctors can identify the necessary genetic information in order to make a diagnosis. The actual |
process of collecting information from the chromosomes is complicated and requires extremely precise work. There is a specialized type of laboratory used for such testing. This is known as a |
cytogenetics laboratory. Cytogenetics is a relatively modern field of medicine. For this reason, one may not find a cytogenetics laboratory in every hospital. There are specialty hospitals that deal with |
issues relating to genetics. One needs to have the karyotype test done in such a location. The chromosome karyotype test is conducted to identify a number of different genetic conditions. |
One such syndrome is Down's syndrome. One may also discover conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome, Philadelphia syndrome and Turner syndrome. All these conditions involve complications relating to the genetic makeup |
of cells. In order to understand these conditions further, one may speak with the doctor for clarifications. There is no preparation required for the karyotype test. In fact, as far |
as the patient is concerned, the karyotype test takes less than a minute to perform. If the test is performed on a pregnant woman, then it will be done when |
she visits the clinic for a checkup. If the karyotype test is done on a new born baby, then it will be done in the hospital itself. Samples may then |
be transported to the appropriate laboratory capable of conducting the chromosome karyotype test. You could check with your doctor for the karyotype test cost as these rates would vary accordingly. |
Women with heart disease are at greater risk than other women when going through a pregnancy, but most still have positive outcomes, a registry showed. Compared with healthy pregnant women, those with structural or ischemic heart disease had higher rates |
heart disease were magnified in women with cardiomyopathies and in those living in developing countries, the researchers reported online in the European Heart Journal. However, they wrote, "most patients with adequate counseling and optimal care should not be discouraged and |
can go safely through pregnancy." Because of a limited amount of data detailing the effects of heart disease on pregnancy outcomes, the European Society of Cardiology started the European Registry on Pregnancy and Heart Disease in 2007. The ongoing registry |
enrolls pregnant women who have valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, ischemic heart disease, or cardiomyopathies. For the current analysis, the researchers looked at data on 1,321 pregnant women who were enrolled from 60 hospitals in 28 countries from 2007 |
to 2011. The median age was 30. Most of the patients (72%) were in New York Heart Association class I, and only 0.3% were in NYHA class IV. The most frequent diagnosis was congenital heart disease (66%), followed by valvular |
heart disease (25%), cardiomyopathy (7%), and ischemic heart disease (2%). The median duration of pregnancy was 38 weeks, and the median birth weight was 3,010 grams (6 pounds 10 ounces). Thirteen of the mothers died -- seven from cardiac causes, |
three from thromboembolic events, and three from sepsis. The highest mortality rate occurred in patients with cardiomyopathy, who also carried higher rates of heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. "Cardiomyopathy is uncommon during pregnancy, but it is difficult to manage a |
pregnancy in the context of left ventricular dysfunction or peripartum cardiomyopathy with a high risk of an adverse outcome for both the mother and the baby," the authors noted. "Our study shows that more attention needs to be paid to |
this group." During pregnancy, 26% of the women were hospitalized, a much higher rate than seen in healthy pregnant women (2%). More than one-third of the admissions (39%) were for heart failure; 31% were for obstetric reasons, including pregnancy-induced hypertension, |
vaginal bleeding, pregnancy-induced diabetes, and abortion/missed abortion; 21% were for cardiac reasons other than heart failure; and 9% were for other reasons. The rate of cesarean delivery was significantly higher among the women with heart disease than has previously been |
seen in healthy pregnant women (41% versus 23%, P<0.001). Fetal mortality beyond 22 weeks of gestation or when the fetus was greater than 500 grams (1 pound 2 ounces) occurred at a higher rate in the women with heart disease. |
Most of those cases (62%) were listed as intrauterine fetal death without any further information, 21% were attributed definitely to the mother's condition, and 17% were related to structural fetal abnormalities. Neonatal mortality (within the first 30 days of life) |
(6.5% versus 0.9%, P<0.001). The authors noted that developed countries have much greater access than developing countries to optimal prenatal care and preconception counseling, even if it isn't used in all cases. "This is a very complex issue, but if |
achievable, pre-conception counseling focusing on the severity of the heart disease with a clear statement of the consequences of pregnancy may save lives," they wrote. The researchers acknowledged some limitations of the study, including the inability to perform extensive subgroup |
analyses because of small patient numbers, the fact that the input and quality of data was checked in only 5% to 10% of cases, and uncertainty about how representative the patient population is, considering the voluntary participation in the registry. |
From the American Heart Association: Primary source: European Heart Journal Roos-Hesselink J, et al "Outcome of pregnancy in patients with structural or ischemic heart disease: results of a registry of the European Society of Cardiology" Eur Heart J 2012; DOI: |
An abdominal aortic aneurysm can develop in anyone, but is most often seen in males over age 60 who have one or more risk factors. The larger the aneurysm, the more likely it is to rupture and break open. Aneurysms develop slowly over many years and often have no symptoms. If an aneurysm expands quickly, tears open (ru... |
of the vessel (aortic dissection), symptoms may develop suddenly. The symptoms of rupture include: Pain in the abdomen or back -- severe, sudden, persistent, or constant. The pain may spread to the groin, buttocks, or legs Any one of these tests may be done when you're having symptoms. If you have bleeding inside your ... |
aortic aneurysm repair. If the aneurysm is small and there are no symptoms: Surgery is rarely done if the aneurysm is small. You and your doctor must decide whether the risk of having surgery is smaller than the risk of bleeding if you do not have surgery. Your doctor may recommend checking the size of the aneurysm wit... |
see if it is getting bigger. Surgery is usually recommended for patients who have aneurysms bigger than 2 inches (5.5 cm) across and aneurysms that are growing quickly. The goal is to perform surgery before complications or symptoms develop. There are two approaches to surgery: In a traditional (open) repair, a large c... |
a graft made of man-made material, such as Dacron. The other approach is called endovascular stent grafting. This procedure can be done without making a large cut in your abdomen, so you may get well faster. If you have certain other medical problems, this may be a safer approach. Endovascular repair is rarely done for... |
good if an experienced surgeon repairs the aneurysm before it ruptures. When an abdominal aortic aneurysm begins to tear or ruptures, it is a true medical emergency. Less than 80% of patients survive a ruptured abdominal aneurysm. Calling your health care provider Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you have pain i... |
or is very bad. To reduce the risk of developing aneurysms: Eat a heart-healthy diet, exercise, stop smoking (if you smoke), and reduce stress to help lower your chances of having a blocked artery again. Your health care provider may give you medicine to help lower your cholesterol. If you were given medicines for bloo... |
asked you to. People over age 65 who have smoked at any time in their life should have a screening ultrasound performed once. Gloviczki P, Ricotta JJ II. Aneurysmal vascular disease. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007... |
Engl J Med. 2008;358:494-501. Lederle FA, Kane RL, MacDonald R, Wilt TJ. Systematic review: repair of unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:735-741. Braverman AC, Thompson RW, Sanchez LA. Diseases of the aorta. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook... |
See mail address, network address. A unique number identifying a node on a network. There are only two types of Addresses; Hardware = OSI Layer 2 & Internet = OSI layer 3. string Simple Street/Mailing address of referenced item - multiple address lines (if needed) are sequenced by "rank". THIS ELEMENT UNDER REVIEW FOR ... |
name, number, or code label. (1) A number, character, or group of characters which identifies a given device or a storage location which may contain a piece of data or a program step. (2) To refer to a device or storage location by an identifying number, character, or group of characters. Physical: A specific location ... |
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