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grace given at Baptism. V. WHO CAN BAPTIZE? 1256 The ordinary ministers of Baptism are the bishop and priest and, in the Latin Church, also the deacon.57 In case of necessity, anyone, even a non-baptized person, with the required intention, can baptize58 , by using the Trinitarian baptismal formula. The |
intention required is to will to do what the Church does when she baptizes. The Church finds the reason for this possibility in the universal saving will of God and the necessity of Baptism for salvation.59 VI. THE NECESSITY OF BAPTISM 1257 The Lord himself affirms that Baptism is necessary |
for salvation.60 He also commands his disciples to proclaim the Gospel to all nations and to baptize them.61 Baptism is necessary for salvation for those to whom the Gospel has been proclaimed and who have had the possibility of asking for this sacrament.62 The Church does not know of any |
means other than Baptism that assures entry into eternal beatitude; this is why she takes care not to neglect the mission she has received from the Lord to see that all who can be baptized are "reborn of water and the Spirit." God has bound salvation to the sacrament of |
Baptism, but he himself is not bound by his sacraments. 1258 The Church has always held the firm conviction that those who suffer death for the sake of the faith without having received Baptism are baptized by their death for and with Christ. This Baptism of blood, like the desire |
for Baptism, brings about the fruits of Baptism without being a sacrament. 1259 For catechumens who die before their Baptism, their explicit desire to receive it, together with repentance for their sins, and charity, assures them the salvation that they were not able to receive through the sacrament. 1260 "Since |
Christ died for all, and since all men are in fact called to one and the same destiny, which is divine, we must hold that the Holy Spirit offers to all the possibility of being made partakers, in a way known to God, of the Paschal mystery."63 Every man who |
is ignorant of the Gospel of Christ and of his Church, but seeks the truth and does the will of God in accordance with his understanding of it, can be saved. It may be supposed that such persons would have desired Baptism explicitly if they had known its necessity. 1261 |
As regards children who have died without Baptism, the Church can only entrust them to the mercy of God, as she does in her funeral rites for them. Indeed, the great mercy of God who desires that all men should be saved, and Jesus' tenderness toward children which caused him |
to say: "Let the children come to me, do not hinder them,"64 allow us to hope that there is a way of salvation for children who have died without Baptism. All the more urgent is the Church's call not to prevent little children coming to Christ through the gift of |
holy Baptism. VII. THE GRACE OF BAPTISM 1262 The different effects of Baptism are signified by the perceptible elements of the sacramental rite. Immersion in water symbolizes not only death and purification, but also regeneration and renewal. Thus the two principal effects are purification from sins and new birth in |
the Holy Spirit.65 For the forgiveness of sins . . . 1263 By Baptism all sins are forgiven, original sin and all personal sins, as well as all punishment for sin.66 In those who have been reborn nothing remains that would impede their entry into the Kingdom of God, neither |
Adam's sin, nor personal sin, nor the consequences of sin, the gravest of which is separation from God. 1264 Yet certain temporal consequences of sin remain in the baptized, such as suffering, illness, death, and such frailties inherent in life as weaknesses of character, and so on, as well as |
an inclination to sin that Tradition calls concupiscence, or metaphorically, "the tinder for sin" (fomes peccati); since concupiscence "is left for us to wrestle with, it cannot harm those who do not consent but manfully resist it by the grace of Jesus Christ."67 Indeed, "an athlete is not crowned unless |
he competes according to the rules."68 "A new creature" 1265 Baptism not only purifies from all sins, but also makes the neophyte "a new creature," an adopted son of God, who has become a "partaker of the divine nature,"69 member of Christ and co-heir with him,70 and a temple of |
the Holy Spirit.71 1266 The Most Holy Trinity gives the baptized sanctifying grace, the grace of justification: - enabling them to believe in God, to hope in him, and to love him through the theological virtues; - giving them the power to live and act under the prompting of the |
Holy Spirit through the gifts of the Holy Spirit; - allowing them to grow in goodness through the moral virtues. Thus the whole organism of the Christian's supernatural life has its roots in Baptism. Incorporated into the Church, the Body of Christ 1267 Baptism makes us members of the Body |
of Christ: "Therefore . . . we are members one of another."72 Baptism incorporates us into the Church. From the baptismal fonts is born the one People of God of the New Covenant, which transcends all the natural or human limits of nations, cultures, races, and sexes: "For by one |
Spirit we were all baptized into one body."73 1268 The baptized have become "living stones" to be "built into a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood."74 By Baptism they share in the priesthood of Christ, in his prophetic and royal mission. They are "a chosen race, a royal priesthood, |
a holy nation, God's own people, that [they] may declare the wonderful deeds of him who called [them] out of darkness into his marvelous light."75 Baptism gives a share in the common priesthood of all believers. 1269 Having become a member of the Church, the person baptized belongs no longer |
to himself, but to him who died and rose for us.76 From now on, he is called to be subject to others, to serve them in the communion of the Church, and to "obey and submit" to the Church's leaders,77 holding them in respect and affection.78 Just as Baptism is |
the source of responsibilities and duties, the baptized person also enjoys rights within the Church: to receive the sacraments, to be nourished with the Word of God and to be sustained by the other spiritual helps of the Church.79 1270 "Reborn as sons of God, [the baptized] must profess before |
men the faith they have received from God through the Church" and participate in the apostolic and missionary activity of the People of God.80 The sacramental bond of the unity of Christians 1271 Baptism constitutes the foundation of communion among all Christians, including those who are not yet in full |
communion with the Catholic Church: "For men who believe in Christ and have been properly baptized are put in some, though imperfect, communion with the Catholic Church. Justified by faith in Baptism, [they] are incorporated into Christ; they therefore have a right to be called Christians, and with good reason |
are accepted as brothers by the children of the Catholic Church."81 "Baptism therefore constitutes the sacramental bond of unity existing among all who through it are reborn."82 An indelible spiritual mark . . . 1272 Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the |
Christian with the indelible spiritual mark (character) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of salvation.83 Given once for all, Baptism cannot be repeated. 1273 Incorporated into the Church by Baptism, the faithful have received the sacramental |
character that consecrates them for Christian religious worship.84 The baptismal seal enables and commits Christians to serve God by a vital participation in the holy liturgy of the Church and to exercise their baptismal priesthood by the witness of holy lives and practical charity.85 1274 The Holy Spirit has marked |
us with the seal of the Lord ("Dominicus character") "for the day of redemption."86 "Baptism indeed is the seal of eternal life."87 The faithful Christian who has "kept the seal" until the end, remaining faithful to the demands of his Baptism, will be able to depart this life "marked with |
the sign of faith,"88 with his baptismal faith, in expectation of the blessed vision of God - the consummation of faith - and in the hope of resurrection. 1275 Christian initiation is accomplished by three sacraments together: Baptism which is the beginning of new life; Confirmation which is its strengthening; |
and the Eucharist which nourishes the disciple with Christ's Body and Blood for his transformation in Christ. 1276 "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I |
have commanded you" (Mt 28:19-20). 1277 Baptism is birth into the new life in Christ. In accordance with the Lord's will, it is necessary for salvation, as is the Church herself, which we enter by Baptism. 1278 The essential rite of Baptism consists in immersing the candidate in water or |
pouring water on his head, while pronouncing the invocation of the Most Holy Trinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. 1279 The fruit of Baptism, or baptismal grace, is a rich reality that includes forgiveness of original sin and all personal sins, birth into the new life by |
which man becomes an adoptive son of the Father, a member of Christ and a temple of the Holy Spirit. By this very fact the person baptized is incorporated into the Church, the Body of Christ, and made a sharer in the priesthood of Christ. 1280 Baptism imprints on the |
soul an indelible spiritual sign, the character, which consecrates the baptized person for Christian worship. Because of the character Baptism cannot be repeated (cf. DS 1609 and DS 1624). 1281 Those who die for the faith, those who are catechumens, and all those who, without knowing of the Church but |
acting under the inspiration of grace, seek God sincerely and strive to fulfill his will, can be saved even if they have not been baptized (cf. LG 16). 1282 Since the earliest times, Baptism has been administered to children, for it is a grace and a gift of God that |
does not presuppose any human merit; children are baptized in the faith of the Church. Entry into Christian life gives access to true freedom. 1283 With respect to children who have died without Baptism, the liturgy of the Church invites us to trust in God's mercy and to pray for |
their salvation. 1284 In case of necessity, any person can baptize provided that he have the intention of doing that which the Church does and provided that he pours water on the candidate's head while saying: "I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and |
of the Holy Spirit." 4 Cf. Council Of Florence: DS 1314: vitae spiritualis ianua. 5 Roman Catechism II,2,5; Cf. Council Of Florence: DS 1314; CIC, cann. 204 § 1; 849; CCEO, can. 675 § 1. 6 2 Cor 5:17; Gal 6:15; Cf. Rom 6:34; Col 2:12. 7 Titus 3:5; Jn |
3:5. 8 St. Justin, Apol. 1,61,12:PG 6,421. 9 Jn 1:9; 1 Thess 5:5; Heb 10:32; Eph 5:8. 10 St. Gregory Of Nazianzus, Oratio 40,3-4:PG 36,361C. 11 Roman Missal, Easter Vigil 42: Blessing of Water. 12 Cf. Gen 1:2. 13 Roman Missal, Easter Vigil 42: Blessing of Water. 14 1 Pet |
3:20. 15 Roman Missal, Easter Vigil 42: Blessing of Water. 16 Roman Missal, Easter Vigil 42: Blessing of Water: "Abrahae filios per mare Rubrum sicco vestigio transire fecisti, ut plebs, a Pharaonis servitute liberata, populum baptizatorum præfiguraret." 17 Cf. Mt 3:13. 18 Mt 28:19-20; cf. Mk 16:15-16. 19 Mt 3:15. |
20 Cf. Phil 2:7. 21 Mt 3:16-17. 22 Mk 10:38; cf. Lk 12:50. 23 Cf. Jn 19:34; 1 Jn 5:6-8. 24 Cf. Jn 3:5. 25 St. Ambrose, De sacr. 2,2,6:PL 16,444; cf. Jn 3:5. 26 Acts 2:38. 27 Cf. Acts 2:41; 8:12-13; 10:48; 16:15. 28 Acts 16:31-33. 29 Rom 6:3-4; |
cf. Col 2:12. 30 Gal 3:27. 31 CE 1 Cor 6:11; 12:13. 32 1 Pet 1:23; cf. Eph 5:26. 33 St. Augustine, In Jo. ev. 80,3:PL 35,1840. 34 SC 64. 35 Cf. RCIA (1972). 36 SC 65; cf. SC 37-40. 37 Cf. AG 14; CIC, cann. 851; 865; 866. 38 |
Cf. CIC, cann. 851, 2o; 868. 39 Cf. Rom 6:17. 40 Jn 3:5. 41 Cf. RBC 62. 42 Gal 3:27. 43 Mt 5:14; cf. Phil 2:15. 44 Rev 19:9. 45 Mk 10:14. 46 CIC, can. 864; cf. CCEO, can. 679. 47 AG 14; cf. RCIA 19; 98. 48 AG 14 |
§ 5. 49 LG 14 § 3; cf. CIC, cann. 206; 788 § 3. 50 Cf. Council of Trent (1546): DS 1514; cf. Col 1:12-14. 51 Cf. CIC, can. 867; CCEO, cann. 681; 686,1. 52 Cf. LG 11; 41; GS 48; CIC, can. 868. 53 Cf. Acts 16:15,33; 18:8; 1 |
Cor 1:16; CDF, instruction, Pastoralis actio: AAS 72 (1980) 1137-1156. 54 Cf. Mk 16:16. 55 Cf. CIC, cann. 872-874. 56 Cf. SC 67. 57 Cf. CIC, can. 861 § 1; CCEO, can. 677 § 1. 58 CIC, can. 861.2. 59 Cf. 1 Tim 2:4. 60 Cf. Jn 3:5. 61 Cf. |
Mt 28:19-20; cf. Council of Trent (1547) DS 1618; LG 14; AG 5. 62 Cf. Mk 16:16. 63 GS 22 § 5; cf. LG 16; AG 7. 64 Mk 10 14; cf. 1 Tim 2:4. 65 Cf. Acts 2:38; Jn 3:5. 66 Cf. Council of Florence (1439): DS 1316. 67 |
Council of Trent (1546): DS 1515. 68 2 Tim 2:5. 69 2 Cor 5:17; 2 Pet 1:4; cf. Gal 4:5-7. 70 Cf. 1 Cor 6:15; 12:27; Rom 8:17. 71 Cf. 1 Cor 6:19. 72 Eph 4:25. 73 1 Cor 12:13. 74 1 Pet 2:5. 75 1 Pet 2:9. 76 Cf. |
1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 5:15. 77 Heb 13:17. 78 Cf. Eph 5:21; 1 Cor 16:15-16; 1 Thess 5:12-13; Jn 13:12-15. 79 Cf. LG 37; CIC, cann. 208-223; CCEO, can. 675:2. 80 LG 11; cf. LG 17; AG 7; 23. 81 UR 3. 82 UR 22 § 2. 83 Cf. |
Rom 8:29; Council of Trent (1547): DS 1609-1619. 84 Cf. LG 11. 85 Cf. LG 10. 86 St. Augustine, Ep. 98,5:PL 33,362; Eph 4:30; cf. 1:13-14; 2 Cor 1:21-22. 87 St. Irenaeus, Dem ap. 3:SCh 62,32. 88 Roman Missal, EP I (Roman Canon) 97. |
What is feline diabetes? Diabetes mellitus, the clinical name for "sugar diabetes," is a condition that affects the concentration of glucose, a type of sugar, in a cat's blood. Diabetes in cats is rarely the result of a shortage of |
insulin (Type I Diabetes). More commonly, diabetes results when a cat's body has trouble using the insulin it has made properly (Type II Diabetes). Insulin affects the way a cat's body uses food. When a cat eats, food is broken |
down into very small components that the body can use. One component, carbohydrate, is converted into several types of sugars, including glucose. Glucose is absorbed from the intestines into the blood. Once in the bloodstream, glucose travels to cells where |
it can be absorbed and used as a source of energy-if insulin is present. Without enough insulin, glucose can't enter cells and builds up in the bloodstream. So a cat may act hungry all the time and eat constantly, but |
still lose weight because its cells can't absorb glucose. Most cats develop Type II Diabetes, in which their cells no longer respond normally to the amounts of insulin produced by the pancreas. While many cats initially require daily insulin injections, |
the treatment goal is to correct the factors or conditions causing insulin resistance. If these factors, such as obesity, can be adequately controlled, many cats will experience temporary remission or permanent resolution of their diabetes. Many cats with Type II |
Diabetes will experience marked improvement in their insulin sensitivity when changed to a species-appropriate high protein, low carbohydrate food. However, not all cats with diabetes are suited to this type of diet. Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough evaluation and |
recommend the most appropriate diet and treatment for your cat's diabetes. - Older Cats - Neutered Male Cats - Physical Inactivity - Medications (Steroids and Progestins) If you think your cat may be at risk, make an appointment today to |
get your cat checked for diabetes. Diabetes is one of many conditions that can affect your cat and cause visible changes in behavior and other signs. That's why it's important your cat be thoroughly examined by a veterinarian at least |
once a year or more frequently, if your veterinarian advises. - Drinks more water than usual (polydipsia) - Urinates more frequently, produces more urine per day, or has "accidents" outside the litter box (polyuria) - Always acts hungry (polyphagia), but |
maintains or loses weight - Is less active or sleeps more (lethargic) - Has thinning, dry, or dull hair When evaluating your cat for diabetes, your veterinarian may ask about these signs and will check your cat's general health to |
rule out the possibility of other conditions or infections. A sample of your cat's urine may be tested first for the presence of glucose, ketones, and/or a urinary tract infection. If glucose is present in your cat's urine, your veterinarian |
will want to determine your cat's blood glucose concentration and fructosamine concentration. If the blood glucose concentration is consistently higher than normal, your cat's pancreas may not be secreting enough insulin or your cat's body is "resistant" to the insulin |
being produced. Regardless of the cause for increased blood sugar, your pet is suffering from diabetes mellitus. A diabetes diagnosis is considered definite when glucose is found at a persistently high concentration in blood and in urine. - Diet–determining the |
best type of food for your cat. Cats, as carnivores, often have significant improvement in their blood sugar levels when placed on a high protein, low carbohydrate food. This is also the perfect time to address weight loss if your |
cat is overweight or obese - Insulin–how to store and administer it properly - Hypoglycemia–how to identify and treat potentially life-threatening low blood sugar - At-home monitoring you should perform and when you should alert your veterinarian. Ask how you |
should monitor your cat for the possibility of diabetes remission - Recommended veterinary rechecks - Diabetes Mellitus in Cats Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the pancreas. In simple terms, it is caused by the failure of the pancreas to |
regulate blood sugar. Click on the link to learn more. - Diabetes in Cats – Testing and Monitoring There are several recommended tests to have done on your cat when Diabetes Mellitus is suspected. Cats can live happily and healthfully |
with diabetes if proper monitoring is performed by you at home and your cat has regularly scheduled visits with your veterinarian. For the best monitoring of a diabetic cat and the highest chance of diabetic remission, blood glucose can be |
checked by you at home. Ask your veterinarian if this monitoring approach might be right for you and your cat. Click on the link to learn more. - Giving Injections to Cats Diabetes Mellitus can be controlled in cats by |
administering daily insulin injections. Click on the link to learn more. To learn more about diabetes in dogs and cats, check our Pet Health Library. Special thanks to our partners |
Search This Site News :: School board learns of impact of iPads, 1 to 1 laptops at VSHS · 5:19pm January 14th, 2013 Members of the Vinton-Shellsburg School Board saw several demonstrations of how modern computer technology can help with education. Several teachers demonstrated how students are using Apple iPads |
and laptop computers to create videos, and learn reading and pronunciation skills. But first, the school board members had a chance for some training on their own iPads. The school district has replaced the laptop computers that the school board members used for meetings with iPads. Technology specialist Kim Meyer |
spent a half hour giving board members basic instructions in how to use the devices. The meeting took place in the library of Tilford Elementary Monday afternoon. District considering 1 to 1 computers at VSHS High School Principal Matt Kingsbury joined Meyer in sharing with the school board their proposal |
for providing each student at VSHS with his or her own laptop computer. The program would cost $700,000 with the money coming from the PPEL levy; no additional tax revenues would be required. The purchase would be repeated every four years; middle school students would eventually use the computers after |
the high school students received new ones. Kingsbury said the $700,000 includes computers, carrying bags, security and software. Kingsbury and Meyer told the board why they believe Macintosh computers are better than PCs. VS leaders have spoken about the 1 to 1 computer program with other districts. Students in those |
schools generally took very good care of their computers. Kingsbury and Meyer said that the tech committee at VSHS is putting together policies governing computer use, as well as possible fees for families if a student accidentally damages a computer. A survey by school officials indicated that 157 people responded |
that they were in favor of each student having his own computer; 25 respondents said no; and 76 said maybe. Concerns expressed in the survey included the cost of the program, the expense for families of students, and filtering to make sure that students do not use inappropriate web sites. |
Meyer and Kingsbury explained how current technogology allows the school IT personnel to monitor every computer in the system. The school board heard how students have used already computers to do several projects, including creating radio broadcasts and e-books. Kingsbury said he is working with VSHS staff on setting ... |
training sessions for students and teachers, as well as a meeting for parents; the plan is to have the computers available for the next school year, if the district and board grant final approval. "No decision has been made, but there is some momentum building," said Superintendent Mary Jo Hainstock. |
The president of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, had planned to use his leadership of the G20 this year to highlight some of the needs of the developing world. Instead, the focus of G20 summit in Cannes has been on the threat of a Greek default and destabilization of the eurozone. Europe’s |
financial crisis affects more than the 27 members of the European Union. “There is a direct relationship between the crisis in Europe and flows of resources to Africa and development efforts around the world,” says Sam Worthington of InterAction, the largest U.S. coalition of non-profit organizations devoted to debt re... |
and development. “Europe is one of the biggest centers of remittances around the world,” he explained. “As Europe gets poorer, those remittances begin to dry up. European banks have a large presence in Africa, bank credits will also continue to dry up. And as European countries begin to try to |
deal with their own fiscal crises, one of the first areas where we fear we will see cuts is in official development assistance.” Famine and food prices It’s ironic, Worthington said, that the debt crisis in the eurozone comes at the same time as the first famine of the 21st |
century in the Horn of Africa, with 13 million people being food insecure and another 750,000 people at risk of starvation. Contributing to the situation is the growing volatility of food prices, an issue that is also to be considered by G20 leaders. U.S. President Barack Obama (L) walks with |
French President Nicholas Sarkozy, after Obama's arrival at Espace Riviera for the G20 summit in Cannes, France, November 3, 2011. “The solutions being offered here in Cannes,” said Worthington, “are important but not sufficient. One of the big proposals being debated in the communiqué right now are issues of food |
stocks in West Africa. At this point in time, it looks likely that some form of food reserves will be put in place but only for humanitarian uses in Africa. The broader question of regulation of food prices and the deeper fulfillment of the commitment made by the G8 at |
L’Aquila for f 22 billion dollars [in development aid] still remains elusive.” Strengthening the safey net Another goal of the G20 is to find new ways to improve the social safety nets of developing countries and support for development, education and climate mitigation. One proposal, back by Microsoft entrepreneur Bil... |
Gates, calls for a tax on international financial transactions. Some countries, including the United States, Britain, Japan and Brazil, oppose the tax. “The UK will clearly not be on board,” said Worthington, “so it will come down to Germany, France and other euro countries, a process that will need to |
make it through to [European Union headquarters in] Brussels. “It is unlikely France will act alone,” he continued. “We are seeing some support from South Africa and other groups. African countries have largely been silent in support for this tax, but if it is put in place it could generate |
up to 60 billion dollars in revenues.” He said supporters of tax are using a two-part approach. “The real question is what will be its uses?” he said. “Some in Germany say it should be used to offset deficits within European countries themselves. The battle for the tax itself is |
a big one. But the bigger battle is will this tax be used as a tool to finance some of the repayment effort s and financial efforts associated with Greece ? The concern of NGOs, he said, is that the poor and development projects will not benefit in the long |
run. French gendarmes stand near an anti G20 demonstrator who takes part in protest against globalization and tax havens, at the French-Monaco border in Cap d'Ail, November 3, 2011. “Our real cry here in Cannes,” said Worthington, “is that the problems the developed world is currently experiencing should not mean |
solutions are done on the backs of the world’s poor.” He adds that with global interconnectedness, the answers to the sluggish world economy require inclusive solutions. Inclusive growth means support for development efforts. “The growth in Africa and in other parts of the world are now central to the well-being |
of people [everywhere],” he said. “So there is now a direct economic relationship between development efforts in Africa, growth in African countries and the longer term global recovery,” said Worthington |
Over four years, college tuition, room and board, and textbooks can really add up. Since your time in college can be very expensive, it is important to start practicing good habits when it comes to spending money. Not only will these help you control spending now, but you will become savvier when it comes to saving in ... |
these tips to be more frugal on a student budget The first step to becoming more frugal in college is to develop a budget. Determine your monthly income, whether that be from your job or allowance from your parents. Then subtract your monthly expenses, including food, rent, and daily costs. From the remainder, save as ... |
leaving yourself a cushion in case you have extra expenses one month. The money left over is for spending. Once you’ve created your budget, stick to it! You’ve probably heard this one before, but dining out in restaurants or even buying fast food can add up quickly. Limit the number of times you dine out each week. Thi... |
you something to look forward to and a chance to spend time with your friends. Instead, be creative when you go grocery shopping. You can try new foods and experiment with cooking by eating at home. Although it’s nice to sit in a coffee shop and enjoy your favorite drink, these beverages are often expensive and not wor... |
Invest in a coffee pot so that you can still get your caffeine fix without the cost. Many shops even sell their coffee packaged in the supermarket. This will last you for a longer time and allow you to get the same coffee you like without spending so much. When it comes to major purchases, like electronics or textbooks... |
the time to do your research and find the best deals possible. Use comparison shopping engines that will allow you to compare prices on the products you want. When it comes to textbooks, think about alternative options. Look into ways to buy online, find used books, or even rent textbooks. Digital textbooks are another... |
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