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the story of the free African American community that lived here during the decades leading up to and during the Civil War. Fort Davis is important in understanding the presence of African Americans in the West and in the frontier military because the 24th and 25th U.S. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery on the E... |
the name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey (Baly), after his mother Harriet Bailey. On October 16, 17, and 18, 1859, John Brown and his "Provisional Army of the United States" took possession of the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry. |
First published in 1925, the Winnie the Pooh stories made Pooh into the world’s most loved and trusted bear. Pooh, a bear of “very little brain,” is always searching for |
honey. The heartwarming tales of Pooh and his friends in 100 Acre Woods were based on the stuffed animals owned by the author’s son, Christopher Robbins. Disney first introduced film |
audiences to the lovable Pooh in 1966. The Winnie the Pooh key ring collection includes Pooh and his friends gloomy Eeyore, bouncy Tigger, and cute Piglet who tries to be |
Whenever experts talk about digestive health, the one word that comes up more often than not is fiber. Rich in vitamins and minerals, fiber works by sponging and scouring your |
digestive tract. It's one of the best-known preventives and cure-alls for constipation, and it can be helpful in managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent research conducted at Baylor College of |
Medicine in Houston reveals it may also relieve heartburn and protect against gastroesophageal reflux disease. What's more, "eating a sufficient amount of fiber daily helps with weight loss, lowers ‘bad' |
cholesterol and has been shown to protect against heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer," notes Dr. Wes Jones, a gastroenterologist and founder of the Cape Fear Center for |
Digestive Diseases in North Carolina. Yet despite all the buzz, most Americans consume only half the recommended 25 to 30 grams of fiber they should eat every day, according to |
the USDA. If you're one of them, it's time to add more fiber to your diet. But do it gradually to give your body time to adjust, advises Jones, author |
of Cure Constipation Now: A Doctor's Fiber Therapy to Cleanse and Heal. This will help you avoid bloating and other temporary side effects. Then, once your body has adjusted, follow |
these tips to get enough fiber in your diet every day. At the Grocery Store Read labels: Certain foods like grains and beans are naturally high in fiber, and many |
others have fiber added. Foods labeled "high fiber" contain 5 grams or more per serving. Those labeled "good source" of fiber have at least 2.5 grams per serving. Opt for |
whole grains: Look for "whole grain flour" as the first ingredient listed on breads and pasta. Or try quinoa, bulgur, barley or brown rice. Stock up on flax: One of |
the highest sources of fiber, flaxseed can be sprinkled on salads or yogurt and added to smoothies, sauces and soups. Ground flaxseed can be substituted for fat in some baked |
goods and gives any food a big burst of fiber. Meal by Meal Start the day right: Have a high-fiber cereal like shredded wheat or oatmeal. Top your breakfast with |
a tablespoon of flax plus fruit and nuts for a double dose of fiber. Choose fruits and vegetables highest in fiber: Artichokes, broccoli, berries, figs, pears and apples -- along |
with many other fruits and vegetables -- have 5 or more grams of fiber per serving. Eat them alongside a whole-grain sandwich for a heart- and digestion-friendly midday meal. Munch |
on fiber-rich snacks: Carrot and celery sticks with hummus or guacamole make a yummy pick-me-up, as do sliced apples with chunky peanut butter, dried fruit and nuts. Load up on |
legumes: Peas, lentils, garbanzo beans and other legumes make tasty side dishes and are healthy additions to salads, soups and stews. All plant-based foods contain fiber, but "not all types |
of high-fiber foods and fiber supplements behave in your gut the same way," says Jones. To combat constipation, ease IBS, relieve heartburn or simply optimize your overall health, Jones recommends |
varying the types of fiber you eat by including a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts in your diet throughout the day, every day. *DISCLAIMER*: The information |
contained in or provided through this site section is intended for general consumer understanding and education only and is not intended to be and is not a substitute for professional |
advice. Use of this site section and any information contained on or provided through this site section is at your own risk and any information contained on or provided through |
Breast ironing tradition targeted in Cameroon. Every morning before school, nine-year-old Terisia Techu would undergo a painful procedure. Her mother would take a burning hot pestle straight out of a fire and use it to press her breasts. With tears |
in her eyes as she recalls what it was like, Terisia tells CNN that one day the pestle was so hot, it burned her, leaving a mark. Now 18, she is still traumatized. Her mother, Grace, denies the incident. But |
she proudly demonstrates the method she used on her daughter for several weeks, saying the goal was to make her less desirable to boys -- and stave off pregnancy. A study found that one in four girls in Cameroon have |
been affected by the practice. The U.S. State Department, in its 2010 human rights report on Cameroon, cited news reports and said breast ironing "victimized numerous girls in the country" and in some cases "resulted in burns, deformities, and psychological |
problems." There are more than 200 ethnic groups in Cameroon with different norms and customs. Breast ironing is practiced by all of them. Some mothers use hot stones or coconut shells to flatten their daughters' breasts. Doctors believe improved diets |
have resulted in young Cameroonian girls going through puberty early. Many of them are also becoming pregnant early. Terisia became pregnant at 15. Her child died at birth. She told CNN that breast ironing doesn't work. She hates the practice |
and wishes her mother had instead talked to her about sex and preventing pregnancy. Grace Techu argues that if it weren't for the breast ironing, Terisia would have become pregnant at an even younger age. Techu has four daughters, and |
she used the procedure on the first two. The third avoided it because her breasts are growing at an acceptable rate, Techu says, and the fourth girl is still too young. Mothers who want their children to finish school before |
becoming parents have resorted to this drastic measure, and many see nothing wrong with it. In 2006, a German nongovernmental organization exposed the practice, which at the time was done mainly in secret. Now, charities have embarked on campaigns to |
educate mothers in Cameroon that sex education -- not breast ironing -- is the solution to ending teenage pregnancy. Dr Sinou Tchana, a gynecologist in Cameroon, has seen breast glands that were destroyed. She also saw one case of cancer, |
though she says it couldn't be established whether the ironing caused or only exacerbated the cancer. "One mother came with secondary burns because the stone she was using to do this breast ironing burned her," Tchana says. One of Tchana's |
patients is a 23-year-old whose scars are still painful 14 years after her breasts were ironed. She has joined the effort to confront mothers about the effects of their actions. The challenge for all those trying to stop the practice |
Background Information for Morocco Background: In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, successive Moorish dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad AL-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. In 1860... |
saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annex... |
Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997. The country has made improvements in human rights under King MOHAMMED VI and its press is moderately free. Despite the continuing reforms, ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. The... |
Semen quality is a much-discussed subject among scientists these days. Data suggests sperm concentration has been declining in Western countries over the past couple of decades -- and reasons for the decline are debatable. The lead author of a new study on the subject, Audrey Gaskins, has been studying the effects of d... |
as a doctoral candidate at the Harvard School of Public Health. Her latest research shows a lack of physical activity -- and too much time in front of the television -- may impact sperm count and concentration. Previous studies have shown a link between physical activity and decreased levels of oxidative stress, Gaskin... |
the body as it tries to get rid of free radicals or repair the damage caused by them. Exercise may protect certain male cells from oxidative damage, Gaskins says, leading to increased sperm concentration. Those findings led Gaskins to complete an observational study on young men's exercise and TV habits as they relate ... |
online Monday in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Gaskins and her colleagues asked 189 healthy men between the ages of 18 and 22 how often they exercised each week and how intensely they worked out. The study participants also recorded their TV watching habits. Then at the clinic, semen samples were collected fr... |
for sperm size and shape, motility, concentration and total sperm count. The researchers also conducted a physical examination and looked at the men's diet, body weight, reproductive history, stress levels and smoking habits to rule out other potential causes of their findings. The men who did moderate to vigorous exer... |
sperm concentration than those who worked out less than five hours a week. And the men who watched more than 20 hours of TV a week had almost half the sperm concentration as the men who watched zero hours a week. |
CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- Dear Cindy, What is a resting heart rate, and how do I determine mine? -- Corinne A resting heart rate is the number of heartbeats each minute you are at rest and completely still. The RHR can tell you how strong and efficient your heart is and, based on that number, indicate whether your heart is ... |
time goes by. The lower the number, the more powerful your heart probably is, and the higher the number, the less able your heart is to efficiently pump the blood from the tip of your toes to the top of your head. Certain medications can skew these numbers, but generally your RHR is a great way to see if your cardio wo... |
your system enough to make a healthy difference over time. The most accurate way to determine your RHR is to plan to take your pulse in advance because it must be taken before you rise. Once you get out of bed and move, the heart rate increases. Place a timepiece with a second hand near your bed so that when you wake, ... |
easily begin counting your heartbeats. You must record it for a full minute and repeat the count daily for five days. The average will be your RHR. This is a great question, and because February is American Heart Month, I want to share some information vital to your heart health. Care for your sweet heart According to ... |
cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. One in three deaths is from heart disease and/or stroke, which equates to 2,200 deaths every day. It's also quite costly. In fact, hospitalizations because of heart disease and stroke cost the nation more than $444 billion in health-care expense... |
this way. These numbers are out of control because we are out of control. Physical activity and better nutrition are life-changing choices we need to make a priority if we want to save lives and to reduce the insane financial burden heart disease is putting on our nation. Recently, the CDC and the U.S. Department of He... |
simple yet powerful initiative that aims to empower everyone to make heart-healthy choices and to reduce the 1 million heart attacks and strokes in the U.S. over the next five years. Granted, conquering the nation's biggest killer is not a simple task. After all, some risk factors are not within our control. But most a... |
SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for CDC13 Cdc13p is a multi-functional, telomere-binding protein that plays a role in telomere replication, length maintenance, end protection and telomerase regulation (4). CDC13/EST4 is one of five genes required for telomerase activity in vivo. EST1, EST2, TLC1 |
and EST3 are the other four genes. Mutations in any of these five genes leads to progressive telomere shortening, the so-called ever shorter telomeres (EST) phenotype and eventually to cell death; however, a complete deletion of CDC13 is inviable. CDC13 |
is the only essential gene among the EST genes (7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and references therein). The N-terminal region of Cdc13p is crucial for the protein's activity due to its various interactions with different binding proteins (12). The telomere |
capping function is mediated through its interaction with Stn1p and Ten1p, essential proteins required for telomere length regulation (13, 14, 15). Cdc13p plays a role in telomere replication through its interactions with the Pol1p catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha, |
and an essential subunit of telomerase, Est1p (16). Cdc13p and Est1p also recruit and activate the telomere-bound Est2p catalytic subunit of telomerase for its replication (17). The telomerase recruitment step is regulated by the yeast ku heterodimer (Yku70p-Yku80p), and Stn1p |
which impart positive and negative control on the Cdc13p-Est1p interaction (11, 18). Cdc13p is regulated by the phosphorylation of the SQ/TQ motif in the telomerase recruitment domain by the checkpoint kinases, Mec1p and Tel1p (19). Mutation in Cdc13p results in |
abnormal uncapped telomeres with long exposed G-strands leading to activation of the RAD9 DNA damage pathway, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and cell death (1, 20, 21, 22, 12). In humans, telomere length is linked to aging and |
cancer: in human germline cells telomeres are long, whereas in cells of somatic tissues, telomerase activity is absent and the telomeres are short. Upon sufficient shortening, the somatic cells stop dividing and become senescent. Inappropriate telomerase activity is detected in |
most malignant tumors, and the genes required for telomerase activity are potential targets for cancer therapy (23, 8). Human orthologs for four of the telomerase subunits are known. Est2p, the telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic enzyme, is similar to TERT (OMIM), |
TLC1, the template RNA is similar to TERC/hTR (OMIM), while Cdc13p shares sequence similarity with human POT1 (OMIM) (24, 9). There are three Est1p like proteins in humans, although only hEST1A and hEST1B have been shown to be associated with |
the telomerase (25). A human ortholog for EST3 hasn't been identified. Mutations in TERT (OMIM) and TERC/hTR (OMIM) cause short telomeres and congenital aplastic anemia (OMIM, 24). Last updated: 2007-06-27 |
On-Site Energy Installations Increase Nationwide July 28, 2004 As power reliability becomes more and more important, the United States is turning to on-site energy systems more than ever before. Sales were up by 20 percent overall in 2003, and most purchases were fairly evenly distributed among the government, communic... |
can be connected to a building as well as to the electric grid. Energy generation thus appears to be following a "distributed" pathway similar to the one charted in the telecommunications industry by cellular technology. Today, both established and new energy technologies are used for on-site electricity generation. So... |
power (CHP) systems; - heat engines and smaller natural gas, propane, and diesel generators; - micro-hydropower and small (less than 50-kilowatt) wind systems; - modular biomass; and - solar technologies (photovoltaics and solar thermal systems). On-site systems can also provide thermal energy for space heating and coo... |
following: - concentrated solar systems, - ground-source heat pumps, - solar thermal water heaters, and - transpired solar "walls" to preheat air for buildings. There are several reasons for this increase in the use of on-site energy systems; one is cost. On-site systems save money in some applications, especially when... |
and peak power rates can often be offset by producing energy on site for use during times of peak demand. Another reason for the increase in the use of on-site energy systems is regulatory. On-site renewable energy technologies help users meet green power requirements and renewable portfolio standards. They also provid... |
local governments. Some users want to ensure backup power with something other than diesel generator sets, not only because it might be hard to obtain diesel fuel, but also for environmental reasons. If the fuel must be transported a great distance, this can also be costly as well as risky. On-site solar, wind, or fuel... |
alleviate this problem. Another reason for on-site generation is to increase power quality. In some applications, surges and transients on the electric grid can impede the performance of electrical equipment or even harm sensitive controls, computers, or communication systems. Dedicating sensitive systems to on-site ge... |
is to ensure reliability. Distributed, on-site energy systems are maturing to the point that it's easier than ever to use them to ensure reliable power, particularly for strategically-important functions such as national emergencies and homeland security. In addition to installations described in earlier issues of FEMP... |
critical applications. One is the 1-kilowatt ReliOn fuel cell unit installed at McCord Air Force Base in Tacoma, Washington. The unit runs on unpressurized, industrial-grade hydrogen to back up communications for a Federal Aviation Administration radar system. It has been running flawlessly, according to Mr. Howard Ker... |
(BIPV) roofing panels to produce 20-kilowatts of electricity. This system supplies a portion of the power needed at one of the airport's support buildings. In New York City, Montefiore Medical Center was the only hospital that continued to operate with full power during the first night of the 2003 regional blackout, in... |
CHP system. Montefiore operates its own 14-megawatt cogeneration plant, and all its critical loads are backed up by emergency power generators. The United States Postal Service implemented an innovative combination of on-site renewable generation and demand control measures to reduce electrical demand and energy use at... |
the installation of a 127 kWp solar electric system atop the Marina del Rey facility, and a state-wide energy information system for 27 USPS sites. This energy system allows USPS to automatically shed more than 4 megawatts of electrical load. The solar system covers more than 15,00 square feet of the facility's roof an... |
than 120 homes. The combination of solar electric generation and demand control measures gives USPS maximum flexibility to respond to high electric demand charges and utility grid emergencies. Utilities are also using on-site alternatives. Solargenix LLC recently installed a 30-ton solar absorption cooling system to co... |
federal and state government facilities in and around the state capitol, so it's important to keep it up and running. On-site systems are becoming more attractive options as cleaner, quieter, and even more reliable systems enter the market. They also come with warranties and are becoming more standardized. To help cove... |
local government groups. In the coming years, look for even better choices, system configurations, and financing methods that will help facility managers obtain the on-site energy systems that are best for their sites. |
Supplemental Student Aid Early Literacy Development Charter School Facilities Quotes to Note On January 8, in his last policy speech, President Bush discussed his record on education and pressed Congress to reauthorize a robust No Child Left Behind Act at |
General Philip Kearny School in Philadelphia. "Seven years ago, today, I had the honor of signing a bill that forever changed America's school systems," he said. "I firmly believe that, thanks to [the No Child Left Behind Act], more students |
are learning and the achievement gap is closing. And, on this anniversary, I have come to talk about why we need to keep the law strong." In his remarks, the President addressed common complaints about the law, but he stressed |
that there was "no debate about the results." Specifically, he cited having accountability plans in place in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, disaggregated data, a clear focus on the achievement gap, highly qualified teachers, and research-proven strategies |
for reading instruction. As evidence of success, he also referenced the new Teacher Incentive Fund, supplemental educational services, and increased numbers of charter schools. "The most important result of No Child Left Behind is this: fewer students are falling behind, |
and more students are achieving high standards." Then, in closing, the President urged Congress to reauthorize the lawwithout undermining its core principles. "There is a growing consensus across the country that now is not the time to water down standards |
or roll-back accountability," he said. "And, I call upon those who can determine the fate of No Child Left Behind... to stay strong in the face of criticism, to not weaken the lawbecause, in so weakening the law, you weaken |
President Bush in Philadelphia, Secretary Spellings released Great Expectations, a new, well-referenced document which examines the history of public education in the U.S. and how students once left behind are now making progress. "Great Expectations explores education's evolution in America |
from a privilege for a few to a necessity for all. It tells the story of a remarkable comeback by our nation's students, who are achieving record high test scores in reading and math and reveals the reforms that have |
led to these results," she stated. "Most importantly, Great Expectations reminds us that our work has just begunwe cannot turn back or slow down. In fact, we must pick up the pace to ensure a quality education for all." The |
publication is divided into the following eight sections: (1) History of Expectations, (2) Search for Accountability, (3) Education as Civil Right, (4) Doing What Works, (5) Recognizing and Rewarding Teachers, (6) Higher Education That Aims Higher, (7) New Choices for |
up some loose ends, the Department issued official letters to every state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico on the status of some No Child Left Behind cornerstones, including assessments, accountability, and flexibility. In addition, states received a spreadsheet, |
specifying where each state stands on these issues, and an updated fact sheet on state standards and assessments. To date, 39 states have implemented high-quality standards and assessment systems that have received either "full approval" or "approval with recommendations" from |
systems. Growth models allow states to receive credit for improving individual students' performance over timebut retain the No Child Left Behind core principles of annual assessment, disaggregation of data, and grade-level proficiency for all students by 2013-2014. Fifteen states have |
now been approved to implement growth models. Second, three additional states (Arkansas, Louisiana, and New York) may differentiate between underperforming schools in need of dramatic interventions and those that are closer to meeting the goals of No Child Left Behind |
to implement differentiated accountability. For both pilots, the Department used a rigorous peer review process to ensure that the selections were fair and transparent. Also, the Department's Policy and Program Studies Services recently published new evaluation studies on state and |
over the past seven years, how districts have spent federal funds, and the base of state and local resources to which federal funds are added. Key finding? Federal funds were more strongly targeted to high-poverty districts than were state and |
implementation and usage of choice options offered to students in Title I schools identified for improvement. Key finding? The number of students eligible for and participating in public school choice or supplemental educational services (SES) have increased substantially, although, nationwide, |
participation rates remained stable at 1% and 17%, respectively. (Note: The Department just released non-regulatory guidance on implementing public school choice and SES. This guidance updates and expands upon previous versions of guidance, covering issues related to the new Title |
implementation of regulations and guidelines issued under No Child Left Behind providing greater flexibility for the treatment of certain students with disabilities in state assessment and accountability systems. Key finding? Most states with sound data reported that less than 10% |
of tested students with disabilities participated in an alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards. Supplemental Student Aid Participation in the Department's Academic Competitiveness (AC) and National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent (SMART) grant programs grew by 28% |
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