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however, that Sue died at some point in what is now South Dakota. Probably. For all we know, she or he passed away in what is now Montana, but the |
other T. rexes brought her to South Dakota for an incredibly elaborate funeral procession that featured a full marching band and several push up contests. ‘By the way, I was |
also pink. Everything was. Long story.’ However, using a little bit of common sense, we can probably make the reasonable leap and conclude that T. rex was a hunter; after |
all, T. rex-esque wounds have been found in other dinosaur skeletons. Of course, these may have been inflicted post-mortem. But let’s be honest–does anyone think that something with banana teeth |
and a brain smaller than a quart of milk was reluctant to bite anything and everything around it? Obviously, grading an animal that no longer exists – and about whom |
so much remains murky – presents a challenge. But after much meditation and consideration, one is stuck with the words ‘banana teeth,’ and grading T. rex, unlike every other aspect |
of its investigation, becomes quite simple. 1 The notable exception being the great white shark. 2 A small minority of experts think that the dinosaurs were brought down by an |
Member States were next asked a series of questions related to safety and herbal medicines. The first question asked countries to describe those regulatory requirements used for the safety assessment of herbal medicines. The following options were given: same requirements as for conventional pharmaceuticals, special re... |
that applied from the following options: traditional use without demonstrated harmful effects, reference to documented scientific research on similar products, and other requirements. If other requirements were selected, the respondents were asked to describe the requirement. A total of 130 Member States responded to t... |
question (Figure 30). Eighty two countries indicated that special regulatory requirements exist for herbal medicine. Of the remaining responses, 57 countries indicated that the same regulatory requirements for safety assessment apply to herbal medicines as to conventional pharmaceuticals. Finally, 28 countries indicate... |
selecting the category “special requirements”, countries were further asked to choose the relevant categories of special requirement, or to describe other special requirements. Sixty-six countries of the 82 that chose the category of special requirements indicated that their laws and regulations employ the regulatory r... |
to documented scientific research (Figure 31). Please note that, as countries were able to choose all options that apply, the number of responses exceeds the number of responding countries. Figure 31. Special regulatory requirements for safety assessment of herbal medicines Twenty-one countries chose the option “other”... |
screening of herbs not suitable for food use, screening for toxic elements, radioactivity and heavy metals, well-established use, traditional literature documentation and toxicological studies. Finally, countries were asked whether control mechanisms exist for the regulatory requirements for safety assessment detailed ... |
that did not respond to the previous question, or responded solely that that there are no requirements. Of the responding countries, 67%, or 71 countries, indicated that such control mechanisms exist (Figure 32). The control mechanisms were also specified in some cases, of which licensing and registration, laboratory t... |
As the years tick by with most of the planet doing little in the way of reducing carbon emissions, researchers are getting increasingly serious about the possibility of carbon sequestration. If it looks like we're going to be burning coal for decades, carbon sequestration offers us the best chance of |
limiting its impact on climate change and ocean acidification. A paper that will appear in today's PNAS describes a fantastic resource for carbon sequestration that happens to be located right next to many of the US' major urban centers on the East Coast. Assuming that capturing the carbon dioxide is |
financially and energetically feasible, the big concern becomes where to put it so that it will stay out of the atmosphere for centuries. There appear to be two main schools of thought here. One is that areas that hold large deposits of natural gas should be able to trap other |
gasses for the long term. The one concern here is that, unlike natural gas, CO2 readily dissolves in water, and may escape via groundwater that flows through these features. The alternative approach turns that problem into a virtue: dissolved CO2 can react with minerals in rocks called basalts (the product |
of major volcanic activity), forming insoluble carbonate minerals. This should provide an irreversible chemical sequestration. The new paper helpfully points out that if we're looking for basalts, the East Coast of the US, home to many of its major urban centers and their associated carbon emissions, has an embarrassme... |
riches. The rifting that broke up the supercontinent called Pangea and formed the Atlantic Ocean's basin triggered some massive basalt flows at the time, which are now part of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, or CAMP. The authors estimate that prior to some erosion, CAMP had the equivalent of the |
largest basalt flows we're currently aware of, the Siberian and Deccan Traps. Some of this basalt is on land—anyone in northern Manhattan can look across the Hudson River and see it in the sheer cliffs of the Palisades. But much, much more of it is off the coast under the |
Atlantic Ocean. The authors provide some evidence in the form of drill cores and seismic readings that indicate there are large basalt deposits in basins offshore of New Jersey and New York, extending up to southern New England. These areas are now covered with millions of years of sediment, which |
should provide a largely impermeable barrier that will trap any gas injected into the basalt for many years. The deposits should also have reached equilibrium with the seawater above, which will provide the water necessary for the chemical reactions that precipitate out carbonate minerals. Using a drill core from an |
onshore deposit, the authors show that the basalt deposits are also composed of many distinct flows of material. Each of these flows would have undergone rapid cooling on both its upper and lower surface, which fragmented the rock. The core samples show porosity levels between 10 and 20 percent, which |
should allow any CO2 pumped into the deposits to spread widely. The authors estimate that New Jersey's Sandy Hook basin, a relatively small deposit, is sufficient to house 40 years' worth of emissions from coal plants that produce 4GW of electricity. And the Sandy Hook basin is dwarfed by one |
that lies off the Carolinas and Georgia. They estimate that the South Georgia Rift basin covers roughly 40,000 square kilometers. The authors argue that although laboratory simulations suggest the basic idea of using basalts for carbon sequestration is sound, the actual effectiveness in a given region can depend on loc... |
quirks of geology, so pilot tests in the field are absolutely essential for determining whether a given deposit is suitable. So far, only one small-scale test has been performed on any of the CAMP deposits. Given the area's proximity to significant sources of CO2 and the infrastructure that could be |
April is national Autism Awareness Month. To many of you, that won't mean more then a new colorful ribbon that you might see people wearing or some information on the TV talk shows or news, but for many others this is an important time to raise awareness about our loved one's autism. Autism is a lifelong neurological s... |
affects a person's social communication and behavior. There has been more information in the news recently about Autism Spectrum Disorder because of the data that the Centers for Disease Control released in February 2007. The CDC found that the prevalence of autism in the USA is now affecting one in every 150 children.... |
families face a diagnosis of autism, and one in every four American families have a loved one with autism. Alarming, yes! The diagnosis is growing at an incredible rate of 10 to 17 percent each year. |
(The source of funds used…) 1) The source of funds used by a non-resident Indian (NRI) should be identified at the time of investing in order to decide if the money can be taken outside the country on sale or redemption. 2) If the source of funds is foreign currency, it can be sent without any restriction. If, however,... |
cannot be remitted. These two sources cannot be clubbed together. 3) The bank account through which the investment is routed is used to determine the source of funds. The funds that are remitted from abroad into the NRE or FCNR accounts and invested can be freely sent back. 4) The income earned in India on investments ... |
This includes interest from bonds and bank accounts, rental income, dividends from shares and mutual funds. 5) The income earned on an investment is freely repatriable once the taxes have been paid according to the Indian laws. 6) The income in the form of sale proceeds from capital assets, such as property, land, shar... |
the extent of funds remitted from abroad for buying these capital assets. (The content on this page is courtesy Centre for Investment Education and Learning (CIEL). Contributions by Sunita Abraham, Girija Gadre and Arti Bhargava.) |
- Seventh Grade - E: 1 - 25 (of 26) (adj.) Honest and polite; serious. (adj.) Related to the economy. (adj.) Using time, money, or goods carefully and without wasting |
any. (n.) The financial situation in an area. (n.) A group of plants, animals and their environment that work together as a unit. (n.) A change that is made on |
a person or thing. (adj.) Doing something without wasting time and doing it well. (adj.) Something that can be stretched. (n.) Energy carried by wires that you use to provide |
heat or light or to make machines work. (v.) To put into another substance. (v.) To do something to the surface of an object. (v.) To make something possible. (n.) |
A set of books that give information on many topics. (n.) The area where people or animals live. (v.) To wish for someone else's talents or possessions. (adj.) Needed; important. |
(v.) To judge how well something or someone works. (v.) To surpass or go beyond what was expected. (n.) Something left out of the usual rule. (n.) A short trip. |
(n.) A manager or supervisor. (adj.) Related to the job of a manager or supervisor. (n.) A display in public. (v.) To make a public display. (v.) To increase. (v.) |
To treat someone unfairly to make money. (n.) When something is made bigger or longer. We've taken all of the words found in our Practice Vocabulary Word Lists and created |
an online vocabulary building game that anyone can play. We call it Lemons for Literacy. This vocabulary building game is meant to be a fun way to improve vocabulary comprehension, |
spelling and reading skills, but it is also tool for people to help in the cause of literacy. As you play, and match vocabulary words with their definitions, Reading Horizons |
Research Brief: Effectiveness of low-cost intervention to improve sun protection Published by Colorado Cancer Blogs A blistering sunburn during childhood or adolescence more than doubles the adult risk of skin cancer. The accumulation of long-term sun exposure may be equally dangerous. A study from the Colorado School ... |
and the University of Colorado Cancer Center recently published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows one way to reduce this exposure: a double-blind randomized clinical trial of mailed sun protection packets led to higher frequency of sun protective behaviors including the use of long clothing, hats, sh... |
and midday sun avoidance. “This is a low-cost, effective intervention that could be an important component in efforts to reduce sun exposure in children during the years that they acquire much of their risk for skin cancer,” says the paper’s first author, Lori Crane, PhD, MPH, CU Cancer Center investigator |
For the first time ever, scientists have mapped out the underground reservoirs of water throughout Africa and found that the northern part of the continent has the most groundwater stored. Contrary to the common notions, beneath Africa's vast desert landscapes there exists about 0.66 million km3 of groundwater, a hundr... |
twenty times more than in Africa's lakes. Researchers from the British Geological Survey (BGS) and University College-London mapped out the groundwater reservoirs, also known as aquifers, by cross-referencing a geological base map of the African continent with previously published maps of the African continent's aquife... |
groundwater maps for Africa." As the climate became drier, transforming the Sahara into a desert, water was trapped underneath the surface in these aquifers more than 5,000 years ago. In Africa, more than 300 million people do not have access to safe drinking water. The discovery of these reservoirs offer hope for the ... |
not exhausted by recurrent droughts. "Much lower storage aquifers are present across much of sub-Saharan Africa. However, our work shows that with careful exploring and construction, there is sufficient groundwater under Africa to support low-yielding water supplies for drinking and community irrigation," Helen Bonsor,... |
for an estimated 5,000 years due to the lack of rain, meaning that the stored groundwater is of limited supply. This fact has raised debate over how to best extract the water for drinking purposes. Generally, groundwater is accessed by drilling boreholes, deep and narrow holes. However, caution must be exercised given ... |
actually deplete the aquifers. "It is not as simple as drilling big bore-holes and seeing rice fields spring up everywhere. In some places it could be economically and technically feasible to use groundwater to reduce crop loss, but I would question whether that is true everywhere. It will need detailed evaluation," Dr... |
group Global Water Partnership told Reuters. In addition the yield of boreholes, as in how much water is delivered from pumping, might not be enough for large-scale irrigation. The uneven groundwater distribution is another cause for debate and potentially violent conflict between African countries as they become more ... |
The CPU market is now flooded with multi-core and multi-threaded CPUs. We see them in everything from smartphones (with Dual Core Cortex A9 from ARM) to the highest end notebooks |
and desktops where the Core i7-980X is now king. But the question many people are asking is; what will more cores give me? - So let's take a brief look |
at why even with 6 and 12 core CPUs in the channel we do not see better multi-thread and multi-tasking support in our applications and operating systems. The question of |
what does more cores get me is an important one and one that needs to be answered by the big software companies. If you go back a few years (like |
around 10), you will see that it was not until very recently that even the big names like Microsoft began to seriously consider multiple CPUs or cores in their products. |
True, you had Windows NT that would support more than one CPU, but the scheduler that handled the tasks was very basic, though it still achieved the end result and |
allowed you to use more than one CPU through the OS. In the professional space this was great and helped with production and content creation. In the consumer space there |
were very few applications that could deal with this, so it was up to the very immature task scheduler to deal with these in what it felt was the most |
efficient manner. From Windows NT we moved to Windows 2000 then to Windows XP (yes, I know, I am skipping over a few years here). Of these two, only XP |
had rudimentary support for consumer level SMP and SMT systems. But, again this was not a very mature or efficient product. In fact, there was quite a large issue with |
the Home version of XP and anything with more than one CPU. The problem centered on the poorly written task scheduler and the power management. If you had a dual |
core CPU (or dual CPU system) and only one core was active, the PWM system would still try to throttle down both cores. This caused many systems to slow down |
dramatically or simply lockup. This was one of the reasons that most gamers and enthusiasts used Windows XP Professional over Home (there were others, but this was a big one). |
Again, even with support for more than one CPU in Windows XP, it was very limited. In fact, the original Kernel only had support for two CPUs, the same type |
of SMP support that existed since the days of Windows NT workstation. This was still going on while Quad Core CPUs from Intel and AMD were hitting the market. It |
was very interesting to see reviews on quad core CPUs using software and games that could not even deal with two, especially considering that Windows XP was still not able |
to efficiently deal with them. Some of that changed when many sites moved to the Server 2003 Kernel based Windows XP x64 OS. You still did not have many applications |
outside the professional world that would allow you to use more than two cores, but the platform was getting better. With the release of Windows Vista we saw MS try |
its hand at SMT/SMP for the masses again. The Scheduler in Vista was much more efficient and was a big improvement over anything (other than server operating systems) that had |
been available on the consumer market before. However, Vista was not received well and due to some internal issues combined with terrible press, it was not widely adopted across the |
consumer space. It can also be said that Microsoft's insistence on making 50 different SKUs for the OS hurt. When people think of an OS, they think of it by |
name. They have Vista, not Vista Basic, or Vista Home, or Vista Home Basic Premium Lite. This caused major confusion and only hurt the adoption of better SMT and SMP |
support in the consumer space. It is only now in the beginnings of 2010 that we see a widely adopted operating system with good solid multi-thread and multi-CPU support in |
the consumer market space. Windows 7 has a great task scheduler; it is very efficient at managing the applications and giving them CPU time based on demand and application need. |
It's not 100% perfect, but it is pretty damn good compared to what we had before. There are some things I would like to see in future versions; preset core |
affinity would be nice, as would being able to set application priority at launch vs. having to do it after the fact in task manager, but I am digressing here. |
The reason I touched on the path of SMT and SMP in the operating system is to cover the major reason why most consumer applications have almost no support for |
multi core systems. To put it simply and rather bluntly, they have not seen the need to spend the money on it. After all, if the OS does not support |
it, why should they? I have said this over and over again; money drives the market. You can put any friendly name on it you want. Consumer demand, adoption rate, |
call it what you will; both equal sales and money. Software development costs money, so to add in even rudimentary support for multiple CPUs or threads to an existing application |
that does not already have it, is not worth the time for most companies. They will happily continue to push out the same core product with a few minor updates, |
all the while unknowingly limiting their own customer's performance on their new systems. After all, if you think about it; every application that was pushed out to the consumer while |
XP was king was fighting for the same single CPU core and its resources. You had to rely on the dodgy task scheduler in Windows XP to hopefully open up |
the new application instance on another free CPU core, but that did not always happen. The same issue was present in almost every game. I mean come on guys; we |
saw SMP and SMT support going all the way back to Quake III and Half Life! Why can't we see that now when a dual core is the standard and |
quad cores are not far behind? It makes no sense at all to be honest. Page 1 of 2 Further Reading: Read and find more Software content at our Software |
The story of the relationship between Sigmund Freud and his American nephew, Edward Bernays. Bernays invented the public relations profession in the 1920s and was the first person to take Freud's ideas and use them to manipulate the masses. He showed American corporations how they could make people want things |
they didn't need by systematically linking mass-produced goods to their unconscious desires. Bernays was one of the main architects of the modern techniques of mass-consumer persuasion, using every trick in the book, from celebrity endorsement and outrageous PR stunts, to eroticising the motorcar. His most notorious co... |
taboo on women smoking by persuading them that cigarettes were a symbol of independence and freedom. But Bernays was convinced that this was more than just a way of selling consumer goods. It was a new political idea of how to control the masses. By satisfying the inner irrational desires |
that his uncle had identified, people could be made happy and thus docile.It was the start of the all-consuming self which has come to dominate today's world. The programme explores how those in power in post-war America used Freud's ideas about the unconscious mind to try and control the masses. |
Politicians and planners came to believe Freud's underlying premise - that deep within all human beings were dangerous and irrational desires and fears. They were convinced that it was the unleashing of these instincts that had led to the barbarism of Nazi Germany. To stop it ever happening again they |
set out to find ways to control this hidden enemy within the human mind. Sigmund Freud's daughter, Anna, and his nephew, Edward Bernays, provided the centrepiece philosophy. The US government, big business, and the CIA used their ideas to develop techniques to manage and control the minds of the American |
people. But this was not a cynical exercise in manipulation. Those in power believed that the only way to make democracy work and create a stable society was to repress the savage barbarism that lurked just under the surface of normal American life. In the 1960s, a radical group of |
psychotherapists challenged the influence of Freudian ideas in America. They were inspired by the ideas of Wilhelm Reich, a pupil of Freud's, who had turned against him and was hated by the Freud family. He believed that the inner self did not need to be repressed and controlled. It should |
be encouraged to express itself. Out of this came a political movement that sought to create new beings free of the psychological conformity that had been implanted in people's minds by business and politics. This programme shows how this rapidly developed in America through self-help movements like Werber Erhard's Erh... |
Seminar Training - into the irresistible rise of the expressive self: the Me Generation. But the American corporations soon realised that this new self was not a threat but their greatest opportunity. It was in their interest to encourage people to feel they were unique individuals and then sell them |
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