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colours on our map, a magnificent and harmonious picture of the movements, which the crust of the earth has within a late period undergone, is presented to us. We there see vast areas rising, with volcanic matter every now and then bursting forth through the vents or fissures with which they are traversed. We see other... |
without any volcanic outbursts; and we may feel sure, that this sinking must have been immense in amount as well as in area, thus to have buried over the broad face of the ocean every one of those mountains, above which atolls now stand like monuments, marking the place of their former existence. Reflecting how powerfu... |
to denudation, and consequently to the nature and thickness of the deposits in accumulation, the sea must ever be, when acting for prolonged periods on the land, during either its slow emergence or subsidence; reflecting, also, on the final effects of these movements in the interchange of land and ocean-water, on the c... |
of organic beings, I may be permitted to hope, that the conclusions derived from the study of coral-formations, originally attempted merely to explain their peculiar forms, may be thought worthy of the attention of geologists. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE REEFS AND ISLANDS IN THE COLOURED MAP, PLATE III. IN the beginn... |
on which the map is coloured. There only remains to be said, that it is an exact copy of one by M. C. Gressier, published by the Dépôt général de la Marine, in 1835. The names have been altered into English, and the longitude has been reduced to that of Greenwich. The colours were first laid down on accurate charts, |
on a large scale. The data, on which the volcanos historically known to have been in action, have been marked with vermilion, were given in a note to the last chapter. I will commence my description on the eastern side of the map, and will describe each group of islands consecutively, proceeding westward across the Pac... |
ending with the West Indies. The WESTERN SHORES OF AMERICA appear to be entirely without coral reefs: south of the equator the survey of the Beagle, and north of it, the published charts show that this is the case. Even in the Bay of Panama, where corals flourish, there are no true coral reefs, as I have been informed ... |
Mr. Lloyd. There are no coral-reefs in the Galapagos archipelago, as I know from personal inspection; and I believe there are none on the Cocos, Revilla-gigedo, and other neighbouring islands. Clipperton rock, 10° N. 109° W., has lately been surveyed by Capt. Belcher; in form it is like the crater of a volcano. From a ... |
plan in the Admiralty, it evidently is not an atoll. The eastern parts of the Pacific present an enormous area, without any islands, except Easter, and Sala, and Gomez Islands, which do not appear to be surrounded by reefs. The LOW ARCHIPELAGO.—This group consists of about 80 atolls: it would be quite superfluous to re... |
D'Urville and Lottin's chart, one island (Wolchonsky) is written with a capital letter, signifying, as explained in a former chapter, that it is a high island; but this must be a mistake, as the original chart by Bellinghausen shows that it is a true atoll. Capt. Beechey says of the 32 groups which he examined (of the ... |
which I have seen beautiful MS. charts in the Admiralty), that 29 now contain lagoons, and he believes the other three originally did. Bellinghausen (see an account of this Russian voyage, in the Biblioth. des Voyages, 1834, p. 443) says, that the 17 islands which he discovered resembled each other in structure, and he... |
scale of all of them. Kotzebue has given plans of several; Cook and Bligh mention others; a few were seen during the voyage of the Beagle; and notices of other atolls are scattered through several publications. The Actæon group in this archipelago has lately been discovered (Geograph. Journ., vol. vii. p. 454); it cons... |
one of which has a lagoon. Another lagoon island has been discovered (Naut. Mag. 1839, p. 770), in 22° 4' S. and 136° 20' W. Towards the S.E. part of the group there are some islands of different formation: Elizabeth Island is described by Beechey (p. 46, 4to. ed.) as fringed by reefs, at the distance of between two an... |
three hundred yards; coloured red. Pitcairn Island in the immediate neighbourhood, according to the same authority, has no reefs of any kind, although numerous pieces of coral are thrown up on the beach; the sea close to its shore is very deep (see Zool. of Beechey's Voyage, p. 164); it is left uncoloured. Gambier Isla... |
are encircled by a barrier reef: the greatest depth within is 38 fathoms; coloured pale blue. Aurora Island, which lies N.E. of Tahiti close to the large space coloured dark blue in the map, has been already described in a note (p. 139), on the authority of Mr. Couthouy: it is an upraised atoll, but as it does not appe... |
to be fringed by living reefs, it is left uncoloured. The SOCIETY Arch. is separated by a narrow space from the Low Arch.; and in their parallel direction they manifest some relation to each other. I have already described the general character of the reefs of these fine encircled islands. In the atlas of the Coquille'... |
good general chart of the group, and separate plans of some of the islands. Tahiti the largest island in the group is almost surrounded, as seen in Cook's chart, by a reef from a half a mile to a mile and a half from the shore, with from 10 to 30 fathoms within it. Some considerable submerged reefs lying parallel |
to the shore, with a broad and deep space within, have lately been discovered (Naut. Mag. 1836, p. 264,) on the N.E. coast of the island, where none are laid down by Cook. At Eimeo the reef "which like a ring surrounds it, is in some places one or two miles distant from the shore, in others united to the |
beach." (Ellis, Polynesian Researches, vol. i. p. 18, 12mo. edit.) Cook found deep water (20 fathoms) in some of the harbours within the reef. Mr. Couthouy, however, states (Remarks, p. 45,) that both at Tahiti and Eimeo, the space between the barrier-reef and the shore, has been almost filled up,—"a nearly continuous ... |
few yards to rather more than a mile in width, the lagoons merely forming canals between this and the sea-reef," that is the barrier-reef. Tapamanoa is surrounded by a reef at a considerable distance from the shore; from the island being small, it is breached, as I am informed by the Rev. W. Ellis, only by a narrow and... |
boat-channel. This is the lowest island in the group, its height probably not exceeding 500 feet. A little way north of Tahiti, the low coral islets of Teturoa are situated; from the description of them given me by the Rev. J. Williams (the author of the Narrative of Missionary Enterprise), I should have thought they h... |
and likewise from the description given by the Rev. D. Tyerman and G. Bennett (Journ. of Voy. and Travels, vol. i. p. 183,) who say that ten low coral islets "are comprehended within one general reef, and separated from each other by interjacent lagoons;" but as Mr. Stutchbury (West of England Journal, vol. i. p. 54,) ... |
of a mere narrow ridge, I have left it uncoloured. Maitea, eastward of the group, is classed by Forster as a high encircled island; but from the account given by the Rev. D. Tyerman and G. Bennett (vol. i. p. 57,) it appears to be an exceedingly abrupt cone, rising from the sea without any reef; I have left it |
uncoloured. It would be superfluous to describe the northern islands in this group, as they may be well seen in the chart accompanying the 4to. edition of Cook's Voyages, and in the Atlas of the Coquille's Voyage. Maurua is the only one of the northern islands, in which the water within the reef is not deep, being only... |
but the great width of the reef, stretching three miles and a half southward of the land (which is represented in the drawing in the atlas of the Coquille's voyage as descending abruptly to the water) shows, on the principle explained in the beginning of the last chapter, that it belongs to the barrier class. I may her... |
information communicated to me by the Rev. W. Ellis, that on the N.E. side of Huaheine there is a bank of sand, about a quarter of a mile wide, extending parallel to the shore, and separated from it by an extensive and deep lagoon: this bank of sand rests on coral rock, and undoubtedly was originally a living reef. Nor... |
of Bolabola lies the atoll of Toubai (Motou-iti of the Coquille's Atlas), which is coloured dark blue; the other islands, surrounded by barrier-reefs, are pale blue: three of them are represented in Figures 3, 4, and 5, in Plate I. There are three low coral-groups lying a little E. of the Society Arch., and almost form... |
Bellinghausen, which is said by Kotzebue (Second Voyage, vol. ii. p. 255,) to be a lagoon-island; Mopeha, which, from Cook's description (Second Voyage, Book iii. chap. 1,) no doubt is an atoll; and the Scilly Islands, which are said by Wallis (Voyage, chap. ix.) to form a group of low islets and shoals, and therefore,... |
the two former have been coloured blue, but not the latter. MENDANA or MARQUESAS Group.—These islands are entirely without reefs, as may be seen in Krusenstern's Atlas, making a remarkable contrast with the adjacent group of the Society's Islands. Mr. F. D. Bennett has given some account of this group, in the seventh v... |
me that all the islands have the same general character, and that the water is very deep close to their shores. He visited three of them, namely, Dominicana, Christiana, and Roapoa; their beaches are strewed with rounded masses of coral, and although no regular reefs exist, yet the shore is in many places lined by cora... |
grounds on this formation. Hence these islands ought probably to come within the class of fringed islands and be coloured red; but as I am determined to err on the cautious side, I have left them uncoloured. COOK or HARVEY and AUSTRAL. ISL.—Palmerston Island is minutely described as an atoll by Capt. Cook during his vo... |
Aitutaki was partially surveyed by the Beagle, (see map accompanying Voyages of Adventure and Beagle); the land is hilly, sloping gently to the beach; the highest point is 360 feet; on the southern side the reef projects five miles from the land: off this point the Beagle found no bottom with 270 fathoms: the reef is s... |
coral-islets. Although within the reef the water is exceedingly shallow, not being more than a few feet deep, as I am informed by the Rev. J. Williams; nevertheless, from the great extension of this reef into a profoundly deep ocean, this island probably belongs, on the principle lately adverted to, to the barrier clas... |
blue; although with much hesitation.—Manouai or Harvey Isld. The highest point is about 50 feet: the Rev. J. Williams informs me that the reef here, although it lies far from the shore, is less distant than at Aitutaki, but the water within the reef is rather deeper: I have also coloured this pale blue, with many doubt... |
I am informed by Mr. Williams, the reef is attached to the shore; coloured red.—Mauki, or Maouti; the reef round this isld. (under the name of Parry Isld. in the Voyage of H.M.S. Blonde, p. 209,) is described as a coral flat, only 50 yards wide, and two feet under water. This statement has been corroborated by Mr. Will... |
calls the reef attached; coloured red.—Atiu, or Wateeo; a moderately elevated, hilly island, like the others of this group. The reef is described in Cook's Voyage as attached to the shore, and about 100 yards wide; coloured red.—Fenoua-iti; Cook describes this isld. as very low, not more than six or seven feet high, (v... |
in the chart published in the Coquille's atlas, a reef is engraved close to the shore: this isld. is not mentioned in the list given by Mr. Williams (p. 16) in the Narrative Missionary Enterprise; nature doubtful. As it is so near Atiu, it has been unavoidably coloured red.—Rarotonga; Mr. Williams informs me it is a lo... |
an attached reef; coloured red.—There are three islands. Rourouti, Roxburgh, and Hull, of which I have not been able to obtain any account, and have left them uncoloured. Hull isld., in the French chart, is written with small letters, as being low.—Mangaia; height about 300 feet; "the surrounding reef joins the shore,"... |
informs me that the reef is rather close to the shore; but, from information given me by Mr. Ellis, the reef does not appear to be quite so closely attached to it as in the foregoing cases: the isld. is about 300 feet high, (Naut. Mag. 1839, p. 738); coloured red.—Rurutu; Mr. Williams and Mr. Ellis inform me that this |
island has an attached reef; coloured red. It is described by Cook under the name of Oheteroa: he says it is not surrounded, like the neighbouring islds., by a reef; he must have meant a distant reef.—Toubouai; in Cook's chart, (2d Voyage, vol. ii. p. 2,) the reef is laid down in part one mile, and in part two miles |
from the shore. Mr. Ellis (Polynes. Res. vol. iii. p. 381) says the low land round the base of the isld. is very extensive; and this gentleman informs me that the water within the reef appears deep; coloured blue.—Raivaivai, or Vivitao; Mr. Williams informs me that the reef is here distant; Mr. Ellis, however, says tha... |
the case on one side of the isld.; and he believes that the water within the reef is not deep; hence I have left it uncoloured.—Lancaster Reef, described in Naut. Mag. 1833, (p. 693,) as an extensive crescent-formed coral-reef, I have not coloured it.—Rapa, or Oparree; from the accounts given of it by Ellis and Vancouv... |
to be any reef.—I. de Bass is an adjoining isld., of which I cannot find any account.—Kemin Isld.; Krusenstern seems hardly to know its position, and gives no further particulars. ISLANDS BETWEEN the Low and Gilbert Archipelagoes. Caroline Isld. (10° S., 150° W.) is described by Mr. F. D. Bennett (Geograph. Journ. vol.... |
lagoon; coloured blue.—Flint Isld., (11° S., 151° W.); Krusenstern believes that it is the same with Peregrino, which is described by Quiros (Burney's Chron. Hist. vol. ii. p. 283) as "a cluster of small islands connected by a reef, and forming a lagoon in the middle;" coloured blue.—Wostock is an isld. a little more t... |
and apparently quite flat and low, and was discovered by Bellinghausen; it is situated a little west of Caroline Isld., but it is not placed on the French charts; I have not coloured it, although I entertain little doubt from the chart of Bellinghausen, that it originally contained a small lagoon.—Penrhyn Isld. (9° S.,... |
is said to be of coral formation, and no part above 40 feet high; I have not ventured to colour it, although, from being of coral formation, it is probably fringed; in which case it should be red. Jarvis, or Bunker Isld. (0° 20' S. 160° W.) is described by Mr. F. D. Bennett (Geograph. Journ. vol. vii. p. 227) |
as a narrow, low strip of coral formation; not coloured.—Brook is a small, low isld. between the two latter; the position, and perhaps even the existence of it is doubtful; not coloured.—Pescado and Humphrey Islands; I can find out nothing about these islands, except that the latter appears to be small and low; not col... |
S., 161° W.); an atoll, of which a plan is given by Bellinghausen; blue.—Souvoroff Islands, (13° S., 163° W.); Admiral Krusenstern, in the most obliging manner, obtained for me an account of these islands from Admiral Lazareff, who discovered them. They consist of five very low islands of coral formation, two of which ... |
water close to it. They do not surround a lagoon, but are so placed that a line drawn through them includes an oval space, part of which is shallow; these islets, therefore, probably once (as is the case with some of the islands in the Caroline arch.) formed a single atoll; but I have not coloured them.—Danger Isld. (1... |
166° W.); described as low by Com. Byron, and more lately surveyed by Bellinghausen; it is a small atoll with three islets on it; blue.—Clarence Isld. (9° S., 172° W.); discovered in the Pandora (G. Hamilton's Voyage, p. 75): it is said, "in running along the land, we saw several canoes crossing the lagoons;" as this i... |
close vicinity of other low islands; and as it is said, that the natives make reservoirs of water in old cocoa-nut trees, (which shows the nature of the land) I have no doubt it is an atoll, and have coloured it blue.—York Isld. (8° S., 172° W.) is described by Commodore Byron (chap. x. of his Voyage) as an atoll; |
to Mem. publ. 1827) as having a lagoon in its centre; blue. ISLANDS SOUTH of the Sandwich Archipelago. Christmas Isld. (2° N., 157° W.) Capt. Cook, in his third voyage (vol. ii. chap. x.) has given a detailed account of this atoll. The breadth of the islets on the reef is unusually great, and the sea near it does not |
deepen so suddenly as is generally the case. It has more lately been visited by Mr. F. D. Bennett, (Geograph. Journ. vol. vii. p. 226); and he assures me that it is low and of coral formation: I particularly mention this, because it is engraved with a capital letter, signifying a high isld., in D'Urville and Lottin's c... |
also, has given some account of it, (Remarks, p. 46) from the Hawaiian Spectator; he believes it has lately undergone a small elevation, but his evidence does not appear to me satisfactory; the deepest part of the lagoon is said to be only ten feet; nevertheless, I have coloured it blue.—Fanning Isld., (4° N., 158° W.)... |
(Ann. Maritim. 1829, p. 283,) is an atoll: his account, as observed by Krusenstern, differs from that given in Fanning's Voyage, (p. 224) which, however, is far from clear; coloured blue.—Washington Isld. (4° N., 159° W.) is engraved as a low isld. in D'Urville's chart, but is described by Fanning, (p. 226,) as having ... |
small islands, with a dangerous reef off the east end of them. Capt. Smyth does not recollect whether these islets, together with the reef, surrounded a lagoon; uncoloured. SANDWICH ARCH.—Hawaii; in the chart in Freycinet's atlas, small portions of the coast are fringed by reefs; and in the accompanying Hydrog. Memoir,... |
is said to injure the cables. On one side of the islet of Kohaihai there is a bank of sand and coral with five feet water on it, running parallel to the shore, and leaving a channel of about fifteen feet deep within. I have coloured this isld. red, but it is very much less perfectly fringed than others of |
the group.—Maui; in Freycinet's chart of the anchorage of Raheina, two or three miles of coast are seen to be fringed; and in the Hydrog. Memoir "banks of coral along shore" are spoken of. Mr. F. D. Bennett informs me that the reefs, on an average, extend about a quarter of a mile from the beach; the land is not |
very steep, and outside the reefs the sea does not become deep very suddenly; coloured red.—Morotoi, I presume, is fringed: Freycinet speaks of the breakers extending along the shore at a little distance from it. From the chart, I believe it is fringed; coloured red.—Oahu; Freycinet, in his Hydrog. Memoir, mentions som... |
me that the shore is skirted for forty or fifty miles in length. There is even a harbour for ships formed by the reefs, but it is at the mouth of a valley; red.—Atooi, in La Peyrouse's charts, is represented as fringed by a reef, in the same manner as Oahu and Morotoi; and this, as I have been informed |
by Mr. Ellis, on part at least of the shore, is of coral formation: the reef does not leave a deep channel within; red.—Oneehow; Mr. Ellis believes this island is also fringed by a coral-reef: considering its close proximity to the other islands, I have ventured to colour it red. I have in vain consulted the works of C... |
La Peyrouse, and Lisiansky, for any satisfactory account of the small islands and reefs, which lie scattered in a N.W. line prolonged from the Sandwich group, and hence have left them uncoloured, with one exception; for I am indebted to Mr. F. D. Bennett for informing me of an atoll-formed reef, in Lat. 28° 22', Long. ... |
which the Gledstanes was wrecked in 1837. It is apparently of large size, and extends in a N.W. and S.E. line: very few islets have been formed on it. The lagoon seems to be shallow; at least, the deepest part which was surveyed was only three fathoms. Mr. Couthouy (Remarks, p. 38) describes this isld. under the name o... |
isld. Considerable doubts should be entertained regarding the nature of a reef of this kind, with a very shallow lagoon, and standing far from any other atoll, on account of the possibility of a crater or flat bank of rock lying at the proper depth beneath the surface of the water, thus affording a foundation for a rin... |
have, however, thought myself compelled, from its large size and symmetrical outline, to colour it blue. SAMOA or NAVIGATOR GROUP.—Kotzebue, in his second voyage, contrasts the structure of these islands with many others in the Pacific, in not being furnished with harbours for ships, formed by distant coral-reefs. The ... |
irregular patches on the shores of these islands; but that they do not form a continuous band, as round Mangaia, and other such perfect cases of fringed islands. From the charts accompanying La Peyrouse's voyage, it appears that the north shore of Savaii, Maouna, Orosenga, and Manua, are fringed by reefs. La Peyrouse, ... |
the coral-reef surrounding its shores, almost touches the beach; and is breached in front of the little coves and streams, forming passages for canoes, and probably even for boats. Further on (p. 159.) he extends the same observation to all the islands which he visited.—Mr. Williams in his Narrative, speaks of a reef g... |
Oyolava, and returning again to it: all these islands have been coloured red.—A chart of Rose island, at the extreme west end of the group, is given by Freycinet, from which I should have thought that it had been an atoll; but according to Mr. Couthouy (Remarks, p. 43.) it consists of a reef, only a league in circuit, ... |
by a very few low islets; the lagoon is very shallow, and is strewed with numerous large boulders of volcanic rock. This island, therefore, probably consists of a bank of rock, a few feet submerged, with the outer margin of its upper surface fringed with reefs; hence it cannot be properly classed with atolls, in which ... |
supposed to lie at a depth, greater than that at which the reef-constructing polypifers can live; not coloured. Beveridge Reef, 20° S. 167° W., is described in the Naut. Mag. (May 1833, p. 442) as ten miles long in a N. & S. line, and eight wide; "in the inside of the reef, there appears deep water;" there is a |
passage near the S.W. corner: this therefore seems to be a submerged atoll, and is coloured blue. Savage Isl., 19° S. 170° W., has been described by Cook and Forster. The younger Forster, (vol. ii. p. 163.) says it is about forty feet high: he suspects that it contains a low plain, which formerly was the lagoon. The Re... |
Williams informs me that the reef fringing its shores, resembles that round Mangaia; coloured red. FRIENDLY ARCH.—Pylstaart Isl: judging from the chart in Freycinet's Atlas, I should have supposed that it had been regularly fringed; but as nothing is said in the Hydrog. Memoir (or in the voyage of Tasman, the discovere... |
the atlas of the voyage of the Astrolabe, the whole south side of the island is represented as narrowly fringed by the same reef which forms an extensive platform on the northern side. The origin of this latter reef, which might have been mistaken for a barrier-reef, has already been attempted to be explained, when giv... |
recent elevation of this island.—In Cook's charts the little outlying island also of Eoaigee, is represented as fringed; coloured red.—Eoua: I cannot make out from Capt. Cook's charts and descriptions, that this island has any reef, although the bottom of the neighbouring sea seems to be corally, and the island itself ... |
14.) classes it with high islands having reefs, but it certainly is not encircled by a barrier-reef; and the younger Forster (Voyage, vol. 1., p. 426.) says, that "a bed of coral rocks surrounded the coast towards the landing-place." I have therefore classed it with the fringed islands, and coloured it red. The several... |
Anamouka, Komango, Kotou, Lefouga, Foa, &c., are seen in Capt. Cook's chart to be fringed by reefs, and several of them are connected together. From the various statements in the first volume of Cook's third voyage, and especially in the 4th and 6th chapters, it appears that these reefs are of coral formation, and cert... |
barrier class; coloured red.—Toufoa & Kao, forming the western part of the group, according to Forster, have no reefs; the former is an active volcano,—Vavao. There is a chart of this singularly-formed island, by Espinoza: according to Mr. Williams it consists of coral-rock: the Chevalier Dillon informs me that it is n... |
Latte and Amargura, for I have not seen plans on a large scale of them, and do not know whether they are fringed. Niouha, 16° S. 174° W. or Keppel Island of Wallis, or Cocos Isld. From a view and chart of this island, given in Wallis's Voyage, (4to. edit) it is evidently encircled by a reef; coloured blue: it |
is however remarkable that Boscawen Island, immediately adjoining, has no reef of any kind; uncoloured. Wallis Island, 13° S. 176° W., a chart and view of this island in Wallis's Voyage, (4to. edit.) shows that it is encircled. A view of it in the Naut. Mag. July 1833, p. 376., shows the same fact; blue. Alloufatou, or... |
or Proby Island, and Hunter Islands, lie between the Navigator and Fidji groups. I can find no distinct accounts of them. FIDJI or VITI GROUP.—The best chart of the numerous islands of this group, will be found in the Atlas of the Astrolabe's Voyage. From this, and from the description given in the Hydrog. Memoir accom... |
many of these islands are bold and mountainous, rising to the height of between 3,000 and 4,000 feet. Most of the islands are surrounded by reefs, lying far from the land, and outside of which the ocean appears very deep. The Astrolabe sounded with 90 fathoms in several places about a mile from the reefs, and found no ... |
the depth within the reef, is not laid down, it is evident from several expressions, that Capt. D'Urville believes that ships could anchor within, if passages existed through the outer barriers. The Chev. Dillon informs me that this is the case: hence I have coloured this group blue. In the S.E. part, lies Batoa, or Tu... |
Voyage, vol. 2. p. 23, and chart; 4to. edit.) surrounded by a coral-reef, "which in some places extends two miles from the shore;" within the reef the water appears to be deep, and outside it is unfathomable; coloured pale blue. At the distance of a few miles, Capt. Cook (ibid. p. 24) found a circular coral-reef, four ... |
in circuit, with deep water within; "in short, the bank wants only a few little islets to make it exactly like one of the half-drowned isles so often mentioned,"—namely, atolls. South of Batoa, lies the high island of Ono, which appears in Bellinghausen's atlas to be encircled; as do some other small islands to the sou... |
Ono, there is an annular-reef, quite similar to the one just described in the words of Capt. Cook; coloured dark blue. Rotoumah, 13° S. 179° E.—From the chart in Duperrey's atlas, I thought this isl. was encircled, and had coloured it blue; but the Chev. Dillon assures me that the reef is only a shore or fringing one; ... |
Isl. 10° S. 179° E., is described by Mr. G. Bennett, (United Service Journ. 1831, part ii. p. 197) as a low island of coral formation; it is small, and does not appear to contain a lagoon, although an opening through the reef is referred to. A lagoon probably once existed, and has since been filled up; left uncoloured.... |
GROUP.—Oscar, Peyster, and Ellice Islds., are figured in Arrowsmith's chart of the Pacific (corrected to 1832) as atolls, and are said to be very low; blue.—Nederlandisch Isl. I am greatly indebted to the kindness of Admiral Krusenstern, for sending me the original documents concerning this island. From the plans given... |
given by the former, it appears that it is a narrow coral island, about two miles long, containing a small lagoon. The sea is very deep close to the shore, which is fronted by sharp coral-rocks. Capt. Eeg compares the lagoon with that of other coral-islands; and he distinctly says, the land is "very low". I have theref... |
blue. Admiral Krusenstern (Memoir on the Pacific, Append. 1835) states that its shores are 80 ft. high; this probably arose from the height of the cocoa-nut trees, with which it is covered, being mistaken for land.—Gran Cocal is said in Krusenstern's Memoir to be low, and to be surrounded by a reef; it is small, and th... |
a lagoon; uncoloured.—St. Augustin. From a chart and view of it, given in the Atlas of the Coquille's Voyage, it appears to be a small atoll, with its lagoon partly filled up; coloured blue. GILBERT GROUP.—The chart of this group, given in the Atlas of the Coquille's Voyage, at once shows that it is composed of ten wel... |
In D'Urville and Lottin's chart, Sydenham is written with a capital letter, signifying that it is high; but this certainly is not the case, for it is a perfectly characterized atoll, and a sketch, showing how low it is, is given in the Coquille's Atlas. Some narrow strip-like reefs project from the southern side of Dru... |
irregular. The southern island of the group is called Chase (in some charts, Rotches); of this I can find no account, but Mr. F. D. Bennett discovered (Geograph. Journ. vol. vii. p. 229,) a low extensive island in nearly the same latitude, about three degrees westward of the longitude assigned to Rotches, but very prob... |
Mr. Bennett informs me that the man at the mast-head reported an appearance of lagoon-water in the centre; and, therefore, considering its position, I have coloured it blue. Pitt Isld., at the extreme northern point of the group, is left uncoloured, as its exact position and nature is not known.—Byron Isld., which lies... |
appear to have been visited since Commodore Byron's Voyage, and it was then seen only from a distance of 18 miles; it is said to be low; uncoloured. Ocean, Pleasant, and Atlantic Islds. all lie considerably to the west of the Gilbert group: I have been unable to find any distinct account of them. Ocean island is writte... |
letters in the French chart, but in Krusenstern's Memoir it is said to be high. MARSHALL GROUP.—We are well acquainted with this group from the excellent charts of the separate islands, made during the two voyages of Kotzebue: a reduced one of the whole group may be easily seen in Krusenstern's Atlas, and in Kotzebue's... |
(with the exception of two little islands which probably have had their lagoon filled up,) of a double row of 23 large and well-characterized atolls, from the examination of which Chamisso has given us his well-known account of coral formations. I include Gaspar-Rico, or Cornwallis Isld., in this group, which is descri... |
179,) "as a low sickle-formed group, with mould only on the windward side." Gaspard Island is considered by some geographers as a distinct island lying N.E. of the group, but it is not entered in the chart by Krusenstern; left uncoloured. In the S.W. part of this group lies Baring Isld., of which little is known; (see ... |
p. 149.) I have left it uncoloured; but Boston Isld. I have coloured blue, as it is described (Ibid.) as consisting of 14 small islands, which, no doubt, inclose a lagoon, as represented in a chart in the Coquille's Atlas.—Two islands, Aur Kawen and Gaspar Rico, are written in the French chart with capital letters; but... |
for from the account given by Chamisso in Kotzebue's First Voyage, they are certainly low. The nature, position, and even existence, of the shoals and small islands north of the Marshall group, are doubtful. NEW HEBRIDES.—Any chart, on even a small scale, of these islands, will show that their shores are almost without... |
of New Caledonia on the one hand, and the Fidji group on the other. Nevertheless, I have been assured by Mr. G. Bennett, that coral grows vigorously on their shores; as, indeed, will be further shown in some of the following notices. As, therefore, these islands are not encircled, and as coral grows vigorously on their... |
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