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or suspect that you are ill, see a doctor immediately! The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network does not recommend nor endorse any specific physicians, products or treatments even though they may be mentioned on this site. In addition, please note that any personal information you provide to the Pancreatic Cancer Action |
Network's associates during telephone and/or email consultations may be stored in a secure database to assist the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. in providing you with the best service possible. Portions of the constituent data stored in this database may be used to inform future programs and services of the |
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc., and may be provided in aggregate form to third parties to guide future pancreatic cancer research and treatment efforts. The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. will not provide personal identifying information (such as your name or contact information) to third parties withou... |
In India, kite flying is more than a pastime or sport. It is a fiercely competitive national obsession. On January 14th, the city of Ahmedabad is possessed by the spirit of Uttarayan, the largest kite festival in India. According to the Hindu calendar, it is the day fondly known as the day the wind direction changes. F... |
stacked and sold. At sunrise, rich and poor, Hindu and Muslim, young and old, flood their rooftops battling to cut their neighbor's kite. Amidst the sighs of defeat and the screams of victory all eyes are fixed on the vibrant spectacle above. Once the sun sets the trees are littered with a million fallen kites. Serious... |
final competition launching lanterns (tukkals) attached to their kite strings. With fireworks flooding the skies this marks the end of the festival. Kites are over one thousand years old in India. The poet Manzan used the word "patang", the more common word for kite, in his poem of 1542 A.D. |
Uncovering The Origins of The Earth Study of the Earth Bricks of the Earth: An innovative way to engage students in green building techniques The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses Movement Of The Earth’S Crust THE ASSESSMENT OF THE DAMAGE FROM INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI ON THE COASTAL MORPHOLOGY OF |
THE ANDAMAN SEACOAST OF THAILAND BY REMOTE SENSING Facts about The Earth The blood of the earth—water Mapping and Analysis of Marine Pollution in Tuticorin Coastal Area Using Remote Sensing and GIS Evaluation of Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Virudhunagar District, Indi... |
layer (ABL) research. It focuses on experimental ABL research, while most of the books on ABL ... Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space: Atmospheric Correction Tsunamis are underrated as major hazards, mainly due to the misconceptions that they occur infrequently and happen along some distant shoreline. However, evide... |
past great tsunami has recently ... Buried waste on the seabed is a major source of pollution. But, very often, waste sites are not known until a serious problem occurs, or are not adequately mapped. Recent examples around Europe ... This book describes a new tool called the Generic Model |
System for simulations and assessment of potential radioactive spreading in the Arctic regions. It considers the present and future potential ... This popular book introduces the fundamentals of remote sensing from an earth resource (versus engineering) perspective. The author ... The enclosed and marginal seas surroun... |
a wide spectrum of environmental traits, ranging from sub-polar to sub-tropical climates, from shallow continental shelves to ... This book is an introductory graduate-level text on atmospheric remote sensing. The basic interaction between radiation and the atmosphere is examined, and illustrated with actual sensing ex... |
French literature, this science fiction tale delves into the depths of the Earth, and by so doing, reveals the staggeringly long history of our planet. THIS ... Many advances in spaceborne instrumentation, remote sensing, and data analysis have occurred in recent years, but until now there has been no book |
You have an empty container, and an infinite number of marbles, each numbered with an integer from 1 to infinity. At the start of the minute, you put marbles 1 - 10 into the container, then remove one of the marbles and throw it away. You do this again after |
30 seconds, then again in 15 seconds, and again in 7.5 seconds. You continuosly repeat this process, each time after half as long an interval as the time before, until the minute is over. Since this means that you repeated the process an infinite number of times, you have "processed" |
all your marbles. How many marbles are in the container at the end of the minute if for every repetition (numbered N) A. You remove the marble numbered (10 * N) B. You remove the marble numbered (N) (In reply to My ideas? Well... to be specific, I think you |
said that you can't multiply or divide infinity (not dividing BY infinity). I'm not sure what dividing by infinity means, unless you're implying dividing by a variable as the variable grows towards infinity. In which case, you are talking about the "normal" limit described by calculus. You said in your |
first post "so it's infinity times 9 divided by 10... Wait, we can't divide or multiply infinity". I don't see why not. But an infinity multiplied by, divided by, added to, or lessened by a constant is the same infinity. Again, I would refer you to studies about what infinities |
A pheochromocytoma is a tumor typically of the adrenal gland, originating within the chromaffin cells, which produces excessive adrenaline. Aside from the adrenal glands, it may also be located in other chromaffin tissue. Although such tumors may grow to a |
considerable size, most are less than 10 cm. Signs and Symptoms Pheochromocytoma symptoms vary depending upon the case and individual, but some possibilities may include the following: Anxiety, nervousness, or panic attacks Excessive sweating (diaphoresis) Hyperglycemia (Elevated blood sugar levels) |
Hypertension (high blood pressure) Localized amyloid deposits (upon microscopic examination) Lower chest pain Pallor (pale color) Tachycardia (elevated heart rate) Upper abdomen pain Continue reading additional information on pheochromocytoma symptoms. Diagnosis and Treatment Pheochromocytoma diagnosis is made by a doc... |
or medical professional. Common methods of receiving a diagnosis involve measuring the catecholamines in the blood plasma, or metanephrines and catecholamines in the urine. If a pheochromocytoma is diagnosed, CT scan imaging may be useful in localizing the tumor. Certain |
other conditions can be ruled out in the diagnosis process: anxiety disorders, essential hypertension, hyperthyroidism, insulinoma, paragangliomas, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and renovascular hypertension. Pheochromocytoma treatment methods involve surgery: either surgical resection (laparotomy or laparos... |
adrenal glands affected by the tumor). Pheochromocytoma prognosis depends upon a number of factors, such as whether the tumor is malignant, and if so, how far it has spread. Prognosis of such malignant cases in children is not as well |
known as in adults. Continue to read more regarding diagnosis and treatment. It is sometimes known as the "ten percent tumor" due to the fact that a variety of its statistics are approximately 10%. As an example, roughly 10% of |
Ariel Schalit / AP Locusts land on a sand dune in Negev Desert, southern Israel, near the border with Egypt, March 5. A swarm of locusts crossed into Israel from neighboring Egypt Monday, raising fears that Israel could be hit with a biblical plague ahead of the Passover holiday. Israel sent out planes to spray pestici... |
prevent damage by the small swarm of about 2,000 locusts, said Dafna Yurista, a spokeswoman for the Agriculture Ministry. The ministry also set up an emergency hotline and asked Israelis to be vigilant in reporting locust sightings. Scientists can learn a lot about the locusts swarming over Egypt and Israel just by loo... |
forecasting officer for the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, is based hundreds of miles away in Rome — but he can tell that these particular bugs may be on their last legs. "The few good pics I have seen of the locusts show that they are a brick red rather than pinkish," Cressman told NBC News in an email. "Both |
colors indicate they are immature adults, but the dark color suggests they are old and tired rather than young and hungry. Hence, the infestations arriving in northeast Egypt and Israel will probably come to nothing." That's the good news. The bad news is that other locust swarms could pose a more serious threat to the... |
To get the details, check out the full story in Cosmic Log. Ibraheem Abu Mustafa / Reuters A Palestinian farmer displays locusts at a farm in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip, March 5. Palestinian officials said locusts had not hit Gaza in several decades and numbers of locusts that reached Gaza on Tuesday were s... |
Ministry said they have taken all necessary steps to fight it if larger numbers hit the Gaza Strip. Amir Cohen / Reuters A swarm of locusts fly near Kmehin in Israel's Negev desert. Ariel Schalit / AP A locust on a sand dune in Negev Desert, southern Israel. Experts estimate that a swarm of 30 million locusts in Egypt ... |
cause severe crop damage. The correlation to the plague of locusts in the Bible has the Internet buzzing. More about locusts: - Locusts hit Egypt and Israel before Passover - Gaddafi's fall leads to desert locusts' rise - Locusts illustrate the science of swarming Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect wit... |
Ingenious fishing method may be spreading through dolphinsAugust 24th, 2011 in Biology / Plants & Animals (PhysOrg.com) -- Researchers from Murdoch University believe a recently documented method of fishing may be spreading throughout a population of dolphins. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins |
(Tursiops aduncus) in Shark Bay were photographed engaging in conching in 2007 and 2009. The dolphins would trap small fish in large conch shells with their rostrums (beaks), then bring the shells to the surface and shake them, causing the |
water to drain out and the fish to fall into their mouths. Murdoch Cetacean Research Unit Researcher Simon Allen says this previously rarely witnessed phenomenon might be on the increase, suggesting that the technique is spreading. In the last four |
months alone, the research team have seen and photographed the behaviour no less than six times, possibly even seven. If and that is a big if we are witnessing the horizontal spread of this behaviour, then I would assume that |
it spreads by an associate of a conching dolphin closely observing the behaviour and then imitating it, Mr. Allen said. It is a tantalising possibility that this behavior could spread before our very eyes over a field season or two |
and that we could track that spread. The prospect of observing a learned behavior spreading through a population over a short period of time is exciting in itself, but the behavior also raises new questions about how exactly dolphins engage |
in conching. As yet, we dont know if dolphins simply pursue fish into the refuge of the large, empty conch/bailer shells or whether they actually manipulate the shells prior perhaps turning them over so that the opening is facing up |
in order to make them appealing to fish as a place to hide from the jaws of death, Mr. Allen said. If we were to set up a few shells opening down in a known location and either witness dolphins |
turning them over, see evidence of them having been turned over when we werent around, or better still get some video footage of dolphins manipulating them in some way, then that would be priceless, since that implies forward planning on |
the dolphins part. I wouldnt be too surprised to find such cunning and devilish ploys being adopted by Shark Bays bottlenose dolphins. Until such observations are recorded though, Mr. Allen says it is too early to rush to any conclusions. |
Members of the Murdoch Cetacean Unit, with colleagues from the University of Zurich, spend roughly four months of the year studying western Shark Bays dolphin population in the field. The Unit operates with the assistance of a partnership with Shark |
The steps by which molecules in the primordial soup came together to form the genetic backbone of life are largely unknown. One approach to finding out is to artificially create |
basic life functions in the laboratory and consider if such conditions might have been possible in the Earth’s past. Writing in Physical Review Letters, Hubert Krammer and colleagues at the |
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Germany show they are able to drive the replication of segments of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), the molecule responsible for translating genetic code into |
the production of specific proteins, using a purely thermal process. Krammer et al. begin by rapidly cooling a solution of four halves of tRNA from high temperatures to so that |
the molecules form hairpins—a state where the strand forms a closed loop on itself, except for a snippet of a sequence of bases, called a “toe hold.” It is this |
toe hold, which, in principle, carries enough information to encode a protein, that the authors try to protect and replicate by using a thermal process to coax the hairpins to |
open and pair to a complementary strand. When Krammer et al. thermally cycle the solution between and , the energy stored in the hairpin (which prefers it to bind to |
a complementary pair instead of itself) compensates for the loss of entropy associated with the molecules pairing up with their partners. This thermally driven process occurs on a relatively fast |
time scale of about seconds, an important factor since molecules need to replicate faster than they degrade. According to the authors, convection currents in prebiotic liquids could have provided the |
Biologic therapy may be used in the treatment of kidney cancer that has spread. Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses drugs to improve the way your body’s immune system fights disease. Your immune system is your body’s natural defense against disease. Biologic therapy attempts to repair, stimulate, or enhance the i... |
can be used to fight cancer or to lessen the side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Examples of agents used to treat kidney cancer include interferon and interleukin 2 (also known as IL-2, aldesleukin, or proleukin). Doctors are investigating using interferons with other biologic agents. Interleukin... |
other places in the body. The medicine is given either subcutaneously (shots under the skin) or intravenously (by vein) either in the hospital or in an outpatient setting. Treatment may be given in cycles separated by a rest period. Although only about one in six patients with renal cell carcinoma have shrinkage of the... |
their cancer (complete remission) that can be long-lasting. Unfortunately, the medicine has many side effects and is not appropriate for all patients with renal cell carcinoma. A combination treatment of bevacizumab (Avastin) and interferon-alpha is used for patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other parts of... |
vessels to the tumor. The drugs were approved after clinical trials showed an increase of five months in survival rate versus interferon-alpha alone. Tumor size also decreased 30% with the combination medicines, versus 12% with interferon-alpha alone. The most common side effects are hypertension and gastrointestinal b... |
Side effects for the bevacizumab and interferon alpha combination included: - Protein in the urine - High blood pressure This new class of medicines attempts to interfere with the growth of the tumor by blocking the formation of new blood vessels around the tumor. In recent months, this drug has received FDA approval. ... |
of tumor growth. The most common side effects seen with this drug include: - Blisters on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet - Nerve damage This medicine is given in the form of a pill. Taken in pill form, sunitinib (Sutent) attacks both blood vessel growth and other targets that stimulate cancer cell growth. T... |
one third of the patients treated. The most common side effects are diarrhea, change in skin color, mouth irritation, weakness, and altered taste. Other possible effects include tiredness, hypertension, bleeding, and hypothyroidism . Temsirolimus (Torisel) is an intravenous medicine used in advanced kidney cancer, whic... |
Mouth irritation - Loss of appetite - Fluid buildup in the face or legs - Increases in blood sugar and cholesterol levels Pazopanib (Votrient) is approved for the treatment of advanced kidney cancer. It is taken once a day as a pill either an hour before eating or two hours after eating. It works by preventing the grow... |
When the Manchu ruled China during the Qing Dynasty, certain social strata emerged. Among them were the Banners, mostly Manchu, who as a group were called Banner People. Manchu women typically wore a one-piece dress that came to be known |
as the cheongsam. The qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body. You can pull on cheongsam of PLUS SIZE DRESSES Under the dynastic laws after 1644, all Han Chinese were forced to wear a queue and dress in |
Manchurian qipao instead of traditional Han Chinese clothing, under penalty of death. In the following 300 years, the qipao became the adopted clothing of the Chinese (though it cannot be considered as the traditional dress of Chinese, as it was |
forced upon them), and was eventually tailored to suit the preferences of the population. Such was its popularity that the garment form survived the political turmoil of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing Dynasty. Silk is a natural |
protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance for which silk |
is prized comes from the fibers' triangular prism-like structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles. "Wild silks" are produced by caterpillars other than the mulberry silkworm and can be artificially cultivated. A variety of wild |
silks have been known and used in China, South Asia, and Europe since early times, but the scale of production was always far smaller than that of cultivated silks. They differ from the domesticated varieties in color and texture, and |
cocoons gathered in the wild usually have been damaged by the emerging moth before the cocoons are gathered, so the silk thread that makes up the cocoon has been torn into shorter lengths. Commercially reared silkworm pupae are killed by |
dipping them in boiling water before the adult moths emerge, or by piercing them with a needle, allowing the whole cocoon to be unraveled as one continuous thread. This permits a much stronger cloth to be woven from the silk. |
What is API? API is an interface that allows software programs to interact with each other. It defines a set of rules that should be followed by the programs to communicate with each other. APIs generally specify how the routines, data structures, etc. should be defined in order for two applications to communicate. API... |
them. There are general APIs that provide library functionalities of a programming language such as the Java API. There are also APIs that provides specific functionalities such as the Google Maps API. There are also language dependent APIs, which could only be used by a specific programming language. Furthermore, ther... |
programming languages. APIs needs to be implemented very carefully by exposing only the required functionality or data to the outside, while keeping the other parts of the application inaccessible. Usage of APIs has become very popular in the internet. It has become very common to allow some of the functionality and da... |
Web. This functionality can be combined to offer an improved functionality to the users. What is SDK? SDK is a set of tools that can be used to develop software applications targeting a specific platform. SDKs include tools, libraries, documentation and sample code that would help a programmer to develop an application... |
the internet and many of the SDKs are provided free to encourage the programmers to use the SDK‘s programming language. Some widely used SDKs are Java SDK (JDK) that includes all the libraries, debugging utilities, etc., which would make writing programs much easier in Java. SDKs make the life of a software developer e... |
look for components/ tools that are compatible with each other and all of them are integrated in to a single package that is easy to install. What is the difference between API and SDK? API is an interface that allows software programs to interact with each other, whereas a SDK is a set of tools that can be used to |
develop software applications targeting a specific platform. The simplest version of a SDK could be an API that contains some files required to interact with a specific programming language. So an API can be seen as a simple SDK without all the debugging support, etc. |
Depression is of high public health concern because it is the most common mental disorder and a primary cause of disease burden, disability (1), long-term sickness, absence from work, and premature retirement (2). Furthermore, it has been described as the |
most costly brain disorder in Europe (3). In southern European countries, prevalence rates of depression and suicide are lower than elsewhere in Europe (4,5), and a recent study of depression in Spain, one of the largest southern European countries, found |
additional characteristics specific to this country, such as an earlier age at onset and higher rates of comorbidity and of chronicity (5). Health services are a crucial resource in reducing the suffering of persons with depression; however, studies have found |
large differences between countries in rates of depression treatment, with low overall rates (6—8). Although health care systems vary widely across the world, certain system characteristics, such as access to services, number of health professionals, and quality of care, contribute |
to the outcomes of depression treatment. Studies of service use for the treatment of depression are scarce and mostly limited to Western and Northern European countries. Although information from many countries, such as Spain, is available, it remains fragmented and |
incomplete. The Spanish National Health System provides free and universal access to most types of health care. It is financed by general taxation and by out-of-pocket expenditures, including copayments for pharmacological treatments. The primary care sector acts as the gatekeeper |
to the system and therefore to specialized mental health care. Because administration of health care is decentralized and is the responsibility of the 17 Autonomous Communities, the number and quality of mental health services is not homogeneous across Spain. Frequently |
described deficiencies include lack of specific budgets for mental health, heterogeneous information systems, and insufficient coordination with primary care services (9). The objective of this study was to analyze service use in the past 12 months for a major depressive |
episode among respondents to the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), in Spain. We estimated the level of use of services, determined the proportion of individuals using services who could be considered to have received minimally adequate |
treatment, and identified the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with service use. We also compared these results with international data. The ESEMeD-Spain study was a cross-sectional, general population, household survey conducted with a representative sample of the Spanish noninstitutionalized adult |
population. A detailed description of methods is available elsewhere (10—12). A stratified, multistage, clustered-area, probability sample without replacement design was used to guarantee the representativeness of all the regions in the country. The target population was noninstitutionalized adults (aged 18 |
years and older), who were identified from census tract data. The final sample included 5,473 respondents (including a random selection of 323 spouses of the married main respondents, who were also interviewed); the final response rate was 78.6%. Data collection |
was conducted from September 2001 to September 2002. Individuals provided informed consent to participate in the interview. Data for the individuals were weighted to account for the different probabilities of selection within households and among hard-to-reach individuals, as well as |
to reflect age, gender, and Autonomous Community distribution of the Spanish general population. Interview and questionnaire The survey instrument was the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) (13), |
which is a fully structured diagnostic interview to assess disorders and treatment, as well as several additional variables, such as disease severity and disability. By means of computerized algorithms, the CIDI provides lifetime and 12-month diagnoses of mental disorders based |
on DSM-IV criteria (14). In establishing the diagnosis, CIDI rules about excluding organic mental disorders (direct physiological effects of a general medical condition, a drug, or a medication) were imposed. The CIDI was administered by trained lay interviewers using a |
computer-assisted personal interview. Assessment of depression severity Respondents were assessed for major depressive episode in the past 12 months. On the basis on researchers' consensus, individuals with the disorder were classified into three severity groups. The group with the most |
severe symptoms included those who had attempted suicide in the past 12 months, those who had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence with physiological dependence syndrome, and those who experienced severe role impairment (scores from 8 to 10) in at least |
two areas of the WMH-adapted version of the Sheehan Disability Scales (SDS). Individuals not classified as having severe symptoms were assigned to the moderate group if they had moderate role impairment in at least one domain of the SDS (a |
score of more than 4) or if they had alcohol dependence disorder without physiological dependence. All other individuals were classified as having mild symptoms. Health and social services use All respondents were asked about use of services for their "emotions |
or mental health problems" in the 12 months before the interview. Those reporting use of services were asked to select from a list all providers whom they visited, including psychiatrist; psychologist; general practitioner, other physician, or other health care professional; |
human services (outpatient treatment with a religious or spiritual advisor or with a social worker or counselor in any setting other than a specialty mental health setting); and a complementary-alternative medical sector (outpatient treatment with any other type of healer, |
participation in an Internet support group, or participation in a self-help group). Psychiatrists and psychologists constituted the specialized mental health category; general practitioners, other physicians, and other health professionals constituted the general medical care category; and both specialized mental healt... |
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