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be called to advance the enumerator to the first element of the collection before reading the value of Current, after an enumerator is created or after a Reset. The Current property returns the same object until either MoveNext or Reset |
is called. Once the end of the collection is passed, the enumerator is in an invalid state and calling MoveNext returns false. Calling Current throws an exception if the last call to MoveNext returned false. With this information under your |
belt, you should insert your enumerating code inside a try-catchfinally block to prevent unexpected exits. Hope this article would have helped you in understanding Enumerators in C#. See other articles on the website on .NET and C#. | ||The Complete |
Visual C# Programmer's Guide covers most of the major components that make up C# and the .net environment. The book is geared toward the intermediate programmer, but contains enough material to satisfy the advanced developer.| |
Author and historian Douglas Brinkley talks about his book "The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America." The book tells the story of Theodore Roosevelt's contribution to the early days of the conservation movement. Between 1901 and 1909, |
TR was responsible for 230 million acres of land being set aside as wilderness. Mr. Brinkley sees this as the most important initiative by a U.S. President between the Civil War and World War I. The interview was conducted at |
First of all, students in smaller classes generally perform better in academics than those in larger classes. Project STAR was a project run in Tennessee from 1985 to about 1999. It compared the academics of kindergarten through third grade children |
taught in smaller classes (13-17 kids) to those in larger classes (22-26 kids). The results were stunning. The small class children substantially outperformed the larger class children. The rates of second grade suspension went down. The district even went from |
low tier in math and reading to middle tier in the state. Since smaller classes have been proven to outperform larger classes, then we should transition to smaller class sizes. Secondly, being in smaller classes early on has lasting effects |
throughout the child's years in school. Project STAR saw that fourth grade children who had been in smaller classes in K-3 were better behaved, probably due to the less discipline needed to quiet a smaller class. Students also had better |
grades than those in larger classes, even when taking into account demographics, resources, and cost of living, according to a study by Harold Weglinsky. The Weglinsky study, which pretty much repeated the Project STAR studies but in different cities, also |
showed that fourth graders in the inner city were three quarters of a grade level ahead of children enrolled in larger classes. There was also a stronger bond between students. I know the bond part is true because last year |
in band class we had a grand total of ten people. We all got to know each other better. The story doesn't end there. Project STAR also noted that the small class kids found in high school, and were more |
likely to graduate on schedule and less likely to drop out. More smaller class kids were found in honors classes, and more took the SATs and ACTs, indicating a higher rate of going to college. Since studies prove again and |
again that smaller classes are better for your kids, isn't it the logical choice? The benefits of smaller class sizes keep going on. Smaller class sizes can actually save money. In smaller classes, there's a smaller teacher to child ratio, |
so that means that there's more time for children to talk directly to the teacher for assistance. Children receive a more personalized education that fits their needs. In smaller classes early on, during K-3 years, teachers can give personalized education |
to those who may have learning problems, rather than referring his or her parents to costly special education programs. Fewer children get left out since teachers don't have as many kids to teach. Since smaller classes save money, why shouldn't |
classes downsize? The more and more time we take, the more children are left undereducated, the more money we spend on special education, tests, and false answers. Cutting class sizes is proven to be better. It saves your money, your |
child's education, and their future. We should minimize the classes as soon as possible in order to make sure our children get the education they need. If we don't act now, it could be too late for an entire generation |
Story last updated at 9/19/2012 - 12:46 pm Near the mouth of the Stikine River is a rounded point along the mainland shore. When Navy Officer Jefferson Moser investigated Alaska's salmon resources in 1897 for the federal government, he named it Gerard Point, but fails to tell us for whom it was named. At that time, For... |
was then known) was about to experience the Klondike Gold Rush when prospectors and miners thought the Stikine River was a short way to the Interior. It is at Gerard Point that a sawmill and salmon cannery were constructed soon after Moser passed by in the "Albatross," a coal burner ship. The site has been described in... |
as being on the mainland opposite Point Highfield (today's airport site), at the junction of Eastern Passage and the "southeast stream of the Stikine delta." More than hundred years ago, the Stikine River delta had not extended itself as far south as Point Gerard, and a substantial deep-water wharf could accommodate st... |
Rush men coming to Fort Wrangel, Theo Nicholai, an experienced mill man from Portland, Ore., saw his chance to make money that wasn't grubbing for gold. His company, Stikeen Lumber Mills, constructed a saw mill in early 1898 at the head of the Stikine's deep water navigation. As manager, he selected J. Milner as the ge... |
a capacity of 20,000 board feet per day, cutting principally spruce and cedar, undoubtedly harvested from the mountainside behind the site. The wharf was constructed and other buildings erected. Once started from 15 to 20 men worked supplying lumber for the Wrangell and Stikine River trades. Apparently Nicholai didn't ... |
sold the sawmill to Thlinket Packing Company, organized at Portland, Ore., by James T. Barron. It was in Portland that Barron and Nicholai closed the deal in spring 1899. Barron used the mill to cut lumber for his new fish processing plant. The site chosen was not on level ground. Consequently the cannery building was ... |
and equipment. With the wharf and cannery over deep water, the current carried away the gurry (heads and guts). This made it one of the few canneries of the times that did not have unpleasant odors, which so often were associated with canneries, where rotting fish parts accumulated on the beach. Under the superintenden... |
the cannery processed mainly pinks or humpback salmon the first year. The fleet was made up of one steamboat, the "Perhaps," sixteen fishing skiffs for imported company fishermen, and the chartered "Baranof." Local Natives also sold fish to the cannery, and in 1900 it paid collectively $8,000. The site was close the mo... |
his company surmised that any river of that size must support large runs of salmon. Compared to many smaller streams in the same region, the river proved a great disappointment. Fishermen were forced to fish at streams on nearby islands, Cleveland Peninsula and the east and north coasts of Prince of Wales Island. The "... |
Before the runs began, a Chinese crew imported from the Pacific Coast made cans by hand. Once fish were delivered to the fish house, the Chinese butchered the fish, and then hand-packed pieces into cans. Eight hundred cases of 48 cans each could be canned each day using some machinery: two steam boxes for creating a va... |
put on can lids, two retorts for cooking the fish under pressure, and a can-washer to remove the oil from the exterior of the processed cans. In early 1902, Barron decided to sell his two canneries: Point Gerard and Santa Anna, south of Wrangell. A newly organized conglomerate, Pacific Packing and Navigation Company ch... |
year. The new company's grandiose plans did not work out. It went into receivership in 1903. The receiver inventoried the Gerard plant during the summer and took steps to perfect title to the land. However, the land was never patented, and it remains part of the National Forest today. The receiver wrote that, "On accou... |
Gerard site is of considerable value as a fishing station if nothing more. The buildings are in good shape." The wharf was somewhat dilapidated, so the receiver arranged to have it reinforced to stand the stress of water and ice until spring. Crews removed the machinery and gear to other canneries the receiver operated... |
machinery, wharf and fish site were estimated to be worth $19,789. The wharf and building probably cost, according to the appraiser, in the neighborhood of $12,000 to $15,000. The bankruptcy court sold the canneries, and Barron successfully bid on the Gerard site. He had no use for the small cannery so the site and bui... |
from the sale of his two other canneries, had built a cannery in 1902 at Funter Bay. The Point Gerard cannery ran for only three years, packing a total of 63,300 cases. Today when boaters pass by, the former cannery site is impossible to distinguish in the brush and trees. The late Dick Stokes of Wrangell thought the s... |
Overspending can be very stressful when it comes time to pay your credit card bill. However, it's the added interest that makes overspending just that much more expensive. Spending your future income One survey of 21- to 35-year-old college graduates found that this group owes an average of $30,000 in student loans. Th... |
the loan is money that can't be saved or invested for the future. It can't be spent on other necessities, such as emergency car repairs or household expenses either. It's money that's tied up until the debt is repaid. While debt for education is considered "good" debt because it's an investment in your future, all debt... |
that must be made. So make sure you use debt wisely-eliminate "bad" debt (debt for depreciating assets, such as car loans and credit card debt) and limit the "good" debt to reasonable amounts. Paying the price of debt Interest payments on debt work against you. New college graduates carry an average credit card balance... |
accumulate only $2,200 in credit card debt. Your interest rate is 18% and you pay the minimum amount each month on your card ($40) without any further purchases on your card. How long will it take to pay off your balance? Did you guess five years? Try 10. It will take almost 10 years to pay off the debt. Your total cos... |
$4,680 (original balance of $2,200 plus $2,480 in interest). Getting into debt is easy It's easy to run up a credit card. How many times have you gone to dinner, put the whole bill on your credit card, collected money from friends for their portion of the bill, and then found that money gone by the time the bill arrive... |
easy is it to buy another sweater on sale, not so much because you need it but because it was a good bargain? Pretty soon you've built up a large balance on your credit card. You could easily charge $2,200 on your credit card in two months, but it will take 10 years to pay it off if you only pay the minimum balance |
When was the last time you farmed after a devastating drought, and tried to figure out how to balance all of the agronomic challenges it presented. Lack of soil moisture? Herbicide carryover? Fertility needs? Biomass? Soil tilth? Dad and Granddad may or may not have worried about any of those, |
but today’s agriculture will put some or most of those on a high priority list. Although it may take most of the winter to learn how to address most of those issues, it may soon be time to take action on some of those. And to kill multiple birds with |
one stone, a cover crop may be that stone You may be new to the concept of a cover crop, and some research may be necessary, but it could be just the answer for questions that you have not yet thought about. Purdue agronomist Eileen Kladivko will tell you that |
a cover crop will be one way to keep your unused 2012 nitrogen on your farm and recycle it into the 2013 crop. Her factsheet in a recent Purdue crops bulletin says the residual nitrates that were not used by the crop this year will soon be leached out of |
the soil by fall precipitation. While she is most concerned about where the nitrates will go (into waterways, streams, and the river), Kladivko says, “For farmers who lose the residual N, they are also losing the opportunity to trap that N and keep it in their fields for subsequent crop |
use. Cover crops are an excellent practice to scavenge residual N and recycle it through their plant biomass (shoots and roots).” click image to zoom Kladivko says when the cover crop decomposes next spring some of the nitrogen it has absorbed will be released for use by the next row |
crop planted in that field. And some will help build the organic matter in the soil. How much uptake of nitrogen there will be depends on how much residual nitrogen you have in the soil, the type of cover crop that is planted, how much it grows until it is |
terminated, and how it decomposes next spring. But Kladivko says, “This is precisely the type of year when a cover crop is needed, to trap the much larger amount of residual N that will be present after the poor (corn) crop. Cover crops will help the farmer recoup part of |
the fertilizer N investment from this season, and will provide some benefits in improving soil organic matter and soil biological activity.” Her study of cover crops points to many other benefits, including protecting against soil erosion, and providing food for soil organisms. If a cover crop is something that may |
be of interest, there are many decisions to make, particularly what you are going to plant, and how to manage it. Kladivko suggests: - If the main focus of the cover crop is to scavenge N and build soil organic matter, then grasses such as oats, cereal rye, or annual |
ryegrass, perhaps mixed with oilseed radish, are good options. - If fall grazing is desired, then turnips or crimson clover could be mixed with the oats and cereal rye. - Farmers need to consider their next cash crop and have a plan for cover crop termination in the spring, as |
an important step before seeding cover crops this fall. - Careful spring management is essential if cover crops are to be beneficial to the farmer and not pose major difficulties in planting the next crop. - The amount of N scavenged by these cover crops is difficult to predict but |
may be in the 50 to 100 lb N/acre range in a year like this one. - Although the amount of N released by the cover crop for next year’s crop is also difficult to predict, it may potentially be up to half of the N in the above-ground biomass, |
if the cover crops or cover crop mixture have a low C:N ratio and are terminated while in the vegetative state. - A pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) would be one way to help determine whether sidedress N applications could be reduced next year. - Herbicides applied to row crops this |
year may have an impact on the cover crop to be planted, so read the label for the herbicide that was used. Kladivko says a lot of advice is available from the Midwest Cover Crops Council. Many farmers, who have explored the use of cover crops in the past and |
have been frustrated with the rules about insuring row crops following a cover crop, are advised that USDA’s recent drought initiatives have addressed some of the issues. While the official authorization has not yet occurred, USDA indicates it will allow insurable row crops to be grown after a cover crop |
has been cultivated over the winter. Corn ground which may have unused nitrogen could be a great candidate for a fall/winter cover crop, to help with soil retention, capture the unused nitrogen, provide that nitrogen for the next crop, increase soil organic matter, and feed soil organisms. The drought this |
NATURE Science Education SeriesExplores science topics of adaptations, animal survival, climate change, extreme environments, and changes in plants and animals in our world. Creative Reading and Writing with Roald DahlWelcome to the mad and merrily macabre world of British author |
Roald Dahl, who continues to capture the imaginations of young readers. Fundamental MathematicsGreat resources for helping students understand the fundamental aspects of Mathematics Cultural Legacies of Ancient Civilizations SeriesThis series explores the life and times of a diverse array of |
ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Minoan, Greeks, Romans, Mayans, and Incas. Secrets of Plant Genomes: Revealed!This program takes viewers on a lively and upbeat journey that explores how plants got to be the way they are and how we can |
make better use of them in the future. Teachers have embraced media as an educational tool. Students, too, view media in the classroom as an extension of the media-rich environment in which they live. New Dimension Media has taken educational |
media beyond simple video playback in the classroom by pioneering an interactive media-on-demand system, CCC! Video on Demand. CCC! is a rich content and multimedia resource for educators and students to find pathways to teaching and learning for the world |
of tomorrow. As schools and districts look to upgrade their curriculum to meet the new rigor of STEM, many are finding that their resources are insufficient. This collection represents content from the most respected producers in today's educational media industry |
including Disney Educational Productions, Nature, Britannica and the National Science Foundation. This STEM program is a must if you want to help reduce the pressure your teachers feel today about insuring their students are ready for college and the world |
of work tomorrow! Visit the STEM home page to learn more! Veteran Educator Credits CCC! with Assisting in Award Win Mike McGowan - Supervisor of Technology at Lincoln Elementary School District 156 in Calumet City, Illinois - has been named |
the 2012 SMART Exemplary Educator of the Year by SMART Interactive Solutions. Mike credits his incorporation of CCC! streaming educational media from New Dimension Media (NDM) with helping him to achieve this national recognition. CCC! Now Serves Over 200,000 students |
in New York State Over the past few months, a number of new school districts and BOCES (Board of Cooperative Educational Services) have signed on to bring their classroom into the 21st century by adding CCC! streaming media. This means |
that over 200,000 students in New York State utilize CCC!'s award-winning content in their classrooms. CCC! Content Partner Wins Three Emmys New Dimension Media is pleased to announce that Atlantic Productions -producers of several of the over 4,500 programs on |
its CCC! streaming media service - has received three 2011 Emmy Awards from the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Atlantic Productions won Emmys for... NDM Provides Professional Development for Interactive Classroom Media New Dimension Media (NDM) is helping |
teachers create interactive lesson plans incorporating streaming media, interactive whiteboard technology, and Web 2.0 through a new professional development program. Under this program, NDM representatives travel to CCC!-subscribing schools and school districts to train educators on these new technologies, provide |
model lesson plans, and share cutting-edge classroom technology practices. About CCC! VOD Founded in 1978, New Dimension Media, a division of Questar, Inc., is the premier producer and distributor of original core curriculum media content created for K-12 classrooms. NDM |
programs have won over 100 of the industry's most prestigious honors, including the CINE Golden Eagle and the Golden Apple. NDM content is used in over 100,000 schools around the country. The 21st Century Classroom Teachers have embraced media as |
an educational tool. Students, too, view media in the classroom as an extension of the media-rich environment in which they live. New Dimension Media has taken educational media beyond simple video playback in the classroom by pioneering an interactive media-on-demand |
system, CCC! Video on Demand. CCC! is a rich content and multimedia resource for educators and students to find pathways to teaching and learning for the world of tomorrow. Its powerful, multifaceted software empowers teachers to seamlessly integrate thousands of |
The creation of three distinct and separate branches of government were meant to create the necessary checks and balances to ensure that no one branch would be able to oppress the people as had been the case in England. Georgia's Constitution follows that same concept with a separate Article for each of the three branc... |
and their responsibilities. It is no surprise that leaders want to amass powers, always promising to never abuse them. It is up to the members of each branch to defend the powers assigned to them by the Constitution. We have certainly seen our share of those exercises during these first four days of our 2013 Legislativ... |
begin each day, with the pledge to both the U.S flag and the Georgia flag followed by our devotion and prayer. We then took our oath to support the Georgia and U.S. Constitutions. We also swore that we were not the holder of any unaccounted for money due to the state or any political subdivision or authority thereof. I... |
sworn in by former State Senator and now Superior Court Judge Bill Hamrick. It all began on Monday when we convened for the first day. As we began to take our seats, amendments to the rules by which the Senate conducts its business we're introduced. We had the opportunity to see these proposed changes as we were conven... |
began our day, newly proposed Senate rules were distributed. These rules made some significant changes in how the Senate would conduct itself. The most notable changes were a change in who controls every action in the Senate and a cap on lobbyist gifts to senators, albeit with many exceptions. Article V of the Georgia ... |
duties and powers. Paragraph III of this article addresses the office of the Lieutenant Governor. This paragraph states, "The Lieutenant Governor shall be the President of the Senate and shall have such executive duties as prescribed by the Governor and as may be prescribed by law not inconsistent with the powers of th... |
to the Senate rules gave the Lieutenant Governor, clearly a member of the Executive Branch, the powers to decide which committees each member serves on and who chairs those committees. Prior to this change those powers had resided in the Senate itself, thereby preserving the separation of powers between the executive a... |
each bill to the committee of his/her choice. While these changes don't necessarily give the Executive Branch the power to pass legislation, it certainly gives it the power to stop any legislation. In an effort to be the first to claim the adoption of "Ethics Reform," the rules included a prohibition of any "gift" with... |
were exceptions. Among them were "actual and reasonable expenses for admission, registration, food, beverages, travel, and lodging attributed to participating in events, seminars, or educational programs sponsored by or in conjunction with a civic, charitable, governmental, educational, professional, community, or busi... |
the House of Representatives, Executive or Judicial Branches. As I promised to do on day one, I introduced SB 36 that prohibits any gift to any public officer by a lobbyist. The law already includes the definition of a gift as something with a value in excess of $100. On Thursday, the Senate took up SB 24. The stated p... |
to allow the continued collection of what has been referred to as the hospital bed tax. In 2010, the hospital bed tax was coupled with a reduction in insurance premium taxes (once the state's Revenue Shortfall Fund reached $500 million) as a temporary measure to mitigate a Medicaid funding shortfall due to the declinin... |
Community Health the ability to tax net hospital revenues at any rate up to the cap set by the Federal government of 6 percent for up to four years. In an attitude of compromise, recognizing the difficulties facing the state, conservatives in the Senate fought for amendments that would have limited the measure to only ... |
percent and adopt reform measures that are predicted to save approximately $1 billion. Those amendments failed and ultimately the measure passed on a vote of 46 to 9. It is an honor to represent you, the constituents of the 31st Senate District at the State Capitol. If you ever have any questions or concerns, please do... |
“Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.” — Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Most designers will recognise the quote, but it’s a shame so many fail to follow its advice in their writing. Good writing conveys information more clearly, |
of course, but the reader isn’t the only beneficiary. Writing also makes us better thinkers. Even a talented wordsmith must first clarify his thoughts and eliminate ambiguity to make a convincing argument. Editing is integral to this thought process. Yet we often overlook it as the unglamorous relation; perhaps it |
doesn’t flatter our mental model of the creative scribe giving birth to a masterpiece. Designers know well that we often miss problems until we review our intended solutions. Similarly, we may think we have a clear argument until the blank page forces us to find the right language to describe |
it. Therefore, just as we appreciate the power of iteration in design, we should embrace the power of editing. In essence, editing is critique for the written word: review, question, revise. Like its design counterpart, it involves attention to detail, viewing the problem from many angles, and even the familiar |
outflanking death-spiral: “Why is this section even here? Why am I even writing this piece?” Here are a few tips I’ve found useful when bringing the iterative mentality to the written word. The best writers are inquisitive readers, just as the best designers are attentive users. We need only look |
at our terminology to see the parallels: “design vocabulary”, “design literacy”. So a good writer reads incessantly. Absorb different styles and approaches: quality, trash, everything. Find writers whose style you admire, and consider what attracts you to their style. Find writers whose style you loathe, and again cons... |
their language to understand better how to use it in useful ways. Make every word matter Every wasted word is an unnecessary design element. In fixed-length pieces, you lose space to tell your story, but even in open pieces an unnecessary word distracts the reader’s focus, diluting your message. The |
data-ink ratio isn’t just for graphics. This rule applies at many levels in parallel. - If a word doesn’t notably improve a sentence, remove it. - If a sentence doesn’t notably improve a paragraph, remove it. - If a paragraph doesn’t notably improve a text, remove it. Screenwriters know that |
every line, page and scene should either - advance the storyline, or - provide depth to the characters and setting so that the storyline can advance later. Adopt a similar mentality. Cut adjectives and adverbs Superfluous adjectives and adverbs are the staple of the pedestrian writer. It’s easy to see |
why: they appear to add spice to bland text. But adjectives and adverbs are often mere props, and editors I’ve worked with tend to slaughter them without mercy. This can be alarming: without this seasoning, where is my flavour going to come from? The answer? Replace your adjective and adverbs |
associations: Apple’s leader is talented, painstaking and difficult. Lively verbs describe the interactions in your story. The dialog, the motion, the time. They drive the text, giving it momentum and feel. A broad vocabulary – a happy by-product of regular reading – will help you choose better nouns and verbs, |
but don’t be ashamed of a good thesaurus too. However, the most convincing language may not lie in synonyms but in creative parallels that help the reader to make unexpected associations. So use your inventive, lateral instincts to think of descriptive metaphorical words. A lothario might ooze across the dancefloor. |
A face might melt into tears. Active, not passive Active verbs encourage vigorous writing. It’s dogmatic to decree the passive a sin, but you should have a good reason in mind if you use it. Scientific writing rewards use of the passive – presumably to discourage the appearance of individuality |
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