text stringlengths 59 1.12k |
|---|
Works and What Doesn’t.” Reclaiming Vacant Properties Conference. Donovan, G., and J. Prestemon (2012). “The Effect of Trees on Crime in Portland, Oregon.” Environment and Behavior 44(1): 3-30. Eastern Pennsylvania |
Organizing Project and Temple University Center for Public Policy (2001). Blight Free Philadelphia: A Public-Private Strategy to Create and Enhance Neighborhood Value. Philadelphia: Eastern Pennsylvania Organizing Project and Temple University |
Center for Public Policy. FBI (2011). “Sovereign Citizens: A Growing Domestic Threat to Law Enforcement.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 80(9): 20-24. Federal Emergency Management Agency (2010). Vacant Residential Building Fires. |
Topical Fire Report Series 11(3) (August). Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration, National Fire Data Center. Friedman, E. (2003). “Vacant Properties in Baltimore: Strategies for Reuse.” Submission |
for the Abell Foundation Award in Urban Policy. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies. Geller, W. (1998). “As a Blade of Grass Cuts Through Stone: Helping Rebuild |
Urban Neighborhoods through Unconventional Police-Community Partnerships.” Crime & Delinquency 44(1): 154-177. Geller, W., and L. Belsky (2010). Building Our Way Out of Crime: The Transformative Power of Police-Community Partnerships. Washington, |
D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Glesner, B. (1992). “Landlords as Cops: Tort, Nuisance & Forfeiture Standards Imposing Liability on Landlords for Crime on the |
Premises.” Case Western Reserve Law Review 42(3): 679-791. Goodstein, R., and Y. Lee (2010). “Do Foreclosures Increase Crime?” Working Paper 2010-05. Washington, D.C.: Federal Deposit Insurance Company, Center for Financial |
Research. Hall, Jr., J. (2007). “Intentional Fires and Arson.” Quincy, Massachusetts: National Fire Protection Association. Harcourt, B. (2001). The Illusion of Order: The False Promise of Broken Windows Policing. Cambridge, |
Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Harding, J., E. Rosenblatt, and V. Yao (2009). “The Contagion Effect of Foreclosed Properties.” Journal of Urban Economics 66:164-178. Holcomb, J. (2008). “Abandoning Places.” FBI Law |
Enforcement Bulletin 77(10): 22-32. Homeownership Preservation Foundation (2005). “Collateral Damage: The Municipal Impact of Today’s Mortgage Foreclosure Boom.” Minneapolis, Minnesota: Homeownership Preservation Foundation. Immergluck, D., and G. Smith (2005). “Measuring |
the Effect of Subprime Lending on Neighborhood Foreclosures: Evidence from Chicago.” Urban Affairs Review 40(3): ----- (2006). “The Impact of Single-Family Mortgage Foreclosures on Neighborhood Crime.” Housing Studies 21(6): 851-866. |
Indio Police Department (2009). “Foreclosed Property Registration and Mitigation Program.” Submission for the Herman Goldstein Award for Excellence in Problem- Oriented Policing. International Association of Arson Investigators (n.d.). “Vacant and |
Abandoned Buildings: What Communities Can Do About Them.” Johnson, C. (2008). “Fight Blight: Cities Sue to Hold Lenders Responsible for the Rise in Foreclosures and Abandoned Properties.” Utah Law Review |
3:1169-1253. Keizer, K., S. Lindenberg, and L. Steg (2008). “The Spreading of Disorder.” Science 322(5908): 1681-1685. Kelling, G., and C. Coles (1996). Fixing Broken Windows. New York: Free Press. Kuo, |
F., M. Bacaicoa, and W. Sullivan (1998). “Transforming Inner City Landscapes: Trees, Sense of Safety, and Preference.” Environment and Behavior 30:28-9. Leinberger, C. (2008). “The Next Slum?” The Atlantic (March). |
Lopez, F. (1999). “Using the Fair Housing Act to Combat Predatory Lending.” Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy 63(1): 73-110. Lucey, C. (2010). “40,000 City Properties Abandoned. Now What?” |
Philly.com, July 28. Madensen, T., T. Hart, and T. Miethe (2011). The Impact of Foreclosures on Neighborhood Crime in Nevada, 2006-09. Las Vegas, Nevada: College of Urban Affairs, Department of |
Criminal Justice, University of Nevada Las Vegas. Mallach, A. (2006). Bringing Buildings Back: From Abandoned Properties to Community Assets. Montclair, New Jersey: National Housing Institute. Mazerolle, L., J. Roehl, and |
C. Kadleck (1998). “Controlling Social Disorder Through Civil Lawsuits: Results from a Randomized Field Experiment in Oakland, California.” In L.G. Mazerolle and J. Roehl (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention. |
Crime Prevention Studies, Vol. 9. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press. Nasar, J., and B. Fisher (1993). “‘Hot Spots’ of Fear and Crime: A Multi-Method Investigation.” Journal of Environmental Psychology |
13(3): 187-206. National Association for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth (2010). A Critical Moment: Child and Youth Homelessness in Our School. Minneapolis, Minnesota: National Association for the Education |
of Homeless Children and Youth. National Association of Realtors (2007). “Urban Blight: An Analysis of State Blight Statutes and Their Implications for Eminent Domain Reform.” Chicago: National Association of Realtors. |
National Vacant Properties Campaign (2005). Vacant Properties: The True Costs to Communities. Washington, D.C.: National Vacant Properties Campaign. Peters, S. (2008). “Foreclosures Slams Doors on Pets Too.” USA Today. July |
9. Pierce, E. (2008). “Blight-Prevention Law Emerges as a National Model.” Signonsandiego.com. October 12. Pierce, N., and C. Steinbach (1990). Enterprising Communities: Community-Based Development in America. Washington, D.C.: Council for |
Community-Based Development. Pinkston, K. (2010). “In the Weeds: Homeowners Falling Behind on Their Mortgages, Lenders Playing the Foreclosure Game, and Cities Left Paying the Price.” Southern Illinois University Law Journal |
34(3): 621-646. Ramsey, S., and F. Zolna. (1991). “A Piece in the Puzzle of Providing Adequate Housing: Court Effectiveness in Code Enforcement.” Fordham Urban Law Journal 18:605-654. Reisen, W., R. |
Takahashi, B. Carroll, and R. Quiring (2008). “Delinquent Mortgages, Neglected Swimming Pools, and West Nile Virus, California.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 14(11): 1747-1749. Richardson, M. (2008). “Demolition by Neglect: An Examination |
of Charleston’s Ordinance.” Unpublished Master’s thesis. Clemson University and the College of Charleston. Roehl, J. (1998). “Civil Remedies for Controlling Crime: The Role of Community Organizations.” In L.G. Mazerolle and |
J. Roehl (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention. Crime Prevention Studies, Vol. 9. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press. Ross, C., and J. Mirowsky. (2001). “Neighborhood Disadvantage, Disorder and Health.” |
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 42(3): 258-276. Sampson, R., and S. Raudenbush (2001). “Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods - Does it Lead to Crime?” Research in Brief. Washington, D.C.: U.S. |
Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Samsa, M. (2008). “Reclaiming Abandoned Properties: Using Public Nuisance Suits and Land Banks to Pursue Economic Redevelopment.” Cleveland State Law Review 56:189-232. Scafidi, |
B., M. Schill, S.Wachter, and D. Culhane (1998). “An Economic Analysis of Housing Abandonment.” Journal of Housing Economics 7:287-303. Schilling, J., and E. Schilling (n.d.). “Leveraging Code Enforcement for Neighborhood |
Safety.” MetLife Foundation. Community Safety Paper Series. Community Safety Initiative. Simon, W. (2001). The Community Economic Development Movement. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Skogan, W. (1990). Disorder and Decline: |
Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Southern Poverty Law Center (2010). “SPLC Video Reveals Dangers of Sovereign Citizens.” Intelligence Report 140 |
(Winter). Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. Spelman, W. (1993). “Abandoned Buildings: Magnets for Crime.” Journal of Criminal Justice 21:481-495. Stephens, D. (n.d.). “Mortgage Foreclosures: Police-Community Response.” Community Safety Initiative. |
New York: Local Initiatives Support Corporation. Swope, R. (1997). “Restoring Order: A Cooperative Effort by the Police and Housing Inspector.” Police Chief (August). Taylor, R. (2010). “Potential Models for Understanding |
Crime Impacts of High or Increasing Unoccupied Housing Rates in Unexpected Places, and How to Prevent Them.” Working Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Thomas, |
D., D. Butry, and J. Prestemon (2010). “Enticing Arsonists with Broken Windows and Social Disorder.” Fire Technology 47(1): 255-273. Thomas, S. (2010). “Do Freegans Commit Theft?” Legal Studies 30(1): 98-125. |
Totru, S., J. McMahon, R. Hamid, and A. Neaigus (2003). “Women’s Drug Injection Practices in East Harlem: An Event Analysis in a High-Risk Community.” AIDS and Behavior 7(3): 317-328. Tripoli, |
S., and E. Renuart (2005). “Dreams Foreclosed: The Rampant Theft of Americans’ Homes Through Equity Stripping and Foreclosure ‘Rescue’ Scams.” Washington, D.C.: National Consumer Law Center. U.S. Census Bureau News |
(2010). Residential Vacancies and Homeownership in the First Quarter 2010. CB10-49. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. U.S. Conference of Mayors (2008). “Vacant and Abandoned Properties: Survey of |
Best Practices.” Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Mayors. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2004). Officer Next Door/Teacher Next Door (OND/TND) Program Evaluation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of |
Housing and Urban Development. Ward, R., M. LaGory, and S. Sherman (1986). “Fear of Crime Among the Elderly as Person/Environment Interaction.” The Sociological Quarterly 27(3): 327-341. Wilson, C. (1990). “Urban |
Homesteading: A Compromise Between Squatters and the Law.” New York Law School Law Review 35:709-731. Wilson, R., and D. Paulson (2010). “A Theoretical Underpinning of Neighborhood Deterioration and the Onset |
of Long-term Crime Problems from Foreclosure.” Working Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Wolf, R. (2010). A Full Response to an Empty House: Public Safety |
Strategies for Addressing Mortgage Fraud and the Foreclosure Crisis. Center for Court Innovation. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance. Zahm, D. (2004). “Brighter is Better. Or Is It? The Devil |
is in the Details.” Criminology & Public Policy 3(3): 535-546. Coming Soon ... The quality and focus of these submissions vary considerably. With the exception of those submissions selected as |
winners or finalists, these documents are unedited and are reproduced in the condition in which they were submitted. They may nevertheless contain useful information or may report innovative projects. You |
may order free bound copies in any of three ways: Phone: 800-421-6770 or 202-307-1480 Allow several days for delivery. Send an e-mail with a link to this guide. Error sending |
AdageAn adage is a pithy saying that sums up a particular subject or situation. The term "law" is sometimes applied to these, although they are usually less rigorous ideas than legal laws or physical laws. These may be interesting observations or relationships, practical or ethical guidelines (also called rules of thumb), and even humorous parodies of physical laws. Adages often originate in popular fiction, |
or in Internet forums such as Usenet. One literary personage renowned for his use of adages was Sancho Panza in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quixote. Through overuse, an adage may become a clichˇ. |
A paving project in Maryland involved the removal and replacement of a failed concrete pavement at an intersection, at left shows a roller at work and, at right, a paving operation. The new pavement is a Superpave mixture. Photos: NAPA Although the practice of recycling hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement has been in widespread use since the early 1980s, the industry |
has became comfortable with using only a nominal amount of recycled material in asphalt mixtures. It has been common to find 10% to 20% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new, dense-graded HMA. Now that energy prices are rising, with infrastructure budgets not yet adjusted to keep up with the increases, it is time look for ways to amplify our reuse |
of asphalt pavements to between 30% and 40% where possible. The economic and environmental benefits of using recycled asphalt were thoroughly documented when the practice was begun more than 25 years ago. At that time, some field trials were constructed with mixtures containing up to 80% RAP. Subsequent limitations on usage of the recycled pavement were due to the emission |
controls in place then, the cracking of some projects containing a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt, and the lack of a performance test to indicate the behavior of the mix. But with current plant designs, emissions can be minimized at high RAP contents, and with proper mix design and assessment, performance problems can be addressed. In high-RAP-content mixtures, it is |
important to understand the characteristics of the recycled materials as well as those of the virgin materials. With this knowledge, we can develop strategies for percentages of RAP to be used in different kinds of HMA, devise stockpiling plans to optimize recycled usage, and develop testing programs for materials and mixtures. The location of the mixture containing RAP is important, |
too, since lower layers in the pavement are not subject to as much temperature change or rutting as the surface course; these factors will affect the performance grade of the binder needed. The asphalt content of the recycled pavement must be determined by ignition oven or solvent extraction to properly assess the grade and amount of virgin binder needed. As |
the percentage of recycled asphalt in the mixture is increased, the aggregate gradation and other aggregate properties become increasingly important. The proper characterization of RAP aggregate requires that the aged asphalt binder be removed via ignition oven or solvent extraction prior to grading and other types of aggregate testing. The properties of the total combined aggregate (reclaimed pavement aggregate mixed |
with virgin) must be considered when compared to criteria for aggregate in the final mix. The mix design process is slightly different from that required for hot-mix composed of virgin materials. During sample preparation, a predetermined percentage of RAP is added to the virgin aggregate after the virgin aggregate has been heated. The virgin asphalt is added, and then the |
process is similar to the volumetric design of any pavement made with hot-mix asphalt. The National Cooperative Highway Research Program's Report 452 provides useful step-by-step RAP mix design procedures and examples (see Additional Information". The use of higher recycled content in mixtures comes at a time when agencies and contractors are moving toward mix design methods that include performance tests. |
The Savvy Senior I recently read that there are a variety of vaccinations that can help protect seniors. Can you tell me what they are and what Medicare pays for? Most people think that vaccinations are just for kids, but |
adults, especially seniors, need their shots, too. Here's what you should know. Roll Up Your Sleeve Outside of eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, not smoking and undergoing routine health screenings, the best way to prevent illness and stay |
healthy as you age is to keep up with your vaccinations. But far too few seniors are taking advantage of these important vaccines, usually because they aren't aware of them, they are afraid to get them or they don't have |
the funds to pay for them. Here is a list of the different vaccines seniors need, and how they work with Medicare. • Flu (influenza) vaccine. This is the one vaccination seniors are pretty good about--69 percent get an annual |
shot. While it's recommended that almost everyone should get a flu shot every fall, it's especially important for seniors age 65 and older because they are at high risk for complications. Medicare Part B pays for flu shots but if |
are allergic to eggs and/or latex, who have a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome, or who have had a severe reaction to a flu shot in the past should not get a flu shot without consulting their doctor first. And people |
who are ill with a fever should wait until their symptoms pass to get vaccinated.) • Pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine. Pneumonia causes around 60,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, many of which could have been prevented by this vaccine. Everyone |
age 65 or older should get this one-time vaccination, and for those covered under Medicare Part B, it's free. • Shingles vaccine. Recommended for everyone age 60 and older. So far, only about 2 percent of seniors have received this |
vaccine since it became available in 2006. Shingles is a painful, blistering skin rash that affects more than a million Americans each year. While this vaccine isn't perfect, it does cut your risk of getting shingles in half, and if |
you do get it you'll have a much milder case. Medicare pays for this vaccine only if you have a Part D prescription drug plan. If you aren't covered, you can expect to pay between $150 and $250 for the |
shot. •Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. The CDC recommends a combined tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine for all adults aged 64 or younger whose last tetanus-diphtheria booster shot was at least 10 years ago. Whooping cough, the CDC warns, is |
making a comeback in seniors because childhood vaccinations (if you had one) have worn off. However, if you are 65 or older, get a tetanus-diphtheria (Td) booster shot instead of the 3-in-1 Tdap vaccine. Neither vaccine is covered by Medicare, |
but typically costs under $75. Savvy Tips: Other vaccinations may be recommended, depending on where you live, your health, lifestyle and if you plan to travel internationally. To learn more about vaccines for adults and identify which ones you need, |
From the creation of our first QuantumCamp course, we developed a set of founding principles that have guided the subsequent creation of a pedagogy that is helping lead the country into a 21st century education and out of a 19th |
century education. This means no textbooks, lectures, or digital versions of textbooks and lectures. QED™ is a new way to teach, a new way to learn. QED™ seeks to demonstrate new practices in education that restructure how students and instructors |
experience the education setting and relate to each other within it. The student is the focus of the classroom, not the instructor. Moments of true conceptual synthesis occur when students are given the space to discover powerful ideas for themselves. |
In our course, "The Periodic Table" students use only the data that Mendeleev had to reconstruct the periodic table. It is in this moment that lasting knowledge is created. New methods of instruction require new methods of student evaluation. It |
took us some time to develop our assessment methodology. We were looking for ways to test long-term conceptual knowledge, not facts and simple skills. We use our assessments to not only provide feedback to students, but more importantly to improve |
We can remember the flavour of a food we enjoyed ten days ago. If we eat it again, we can perceive the same taste once again and experience the same |
enjoyment, because its taste is now familiar. However, the tongue’s taste cells are not the same as the ones that existed ten days ago. Every day our taste cells come |
From the Archives A. J. P. Taylor: faith in socialist Czechoslovakia A. J. P. Taylor (1906-1990) was one of the best-known and most influential British historians of the 20th century. |
He is remembered in particular for his provocative left-wing political views and his conviction that German history made the country uniquely inclined towards aggression and expansionism. This made him an |
ardent opponent of attempts to rebuild Germany’s economy after the war, and a strong supporter of Czechoslovakia’s growing alliance with the Soviet Union. In July 1946, just after elections which |
saw the Communists emerge as the strongest single party, Taylor visited Czechoslovakia. “For the first time in any country there is a communist prime minister who has reached his position |
by strictly democratic methods. On the other hand, this is not a communist government. It’s a coalition and the Communists have not got a majority in parliament. They’re the biggest |
single party, and even if they haven’t got the power, they have, I think, the biggest share of the responsibility. That is an important difference. It means that in future |
the communists are going to be blamed if things go wrong instead of being able to blame others. They are going to have to use their popularity not to make |
difficulties, but now in order to get things done.” Just like his compatriot J. B. Priestley, whom we heard last week, A. J. P. Taylor failed to recognize that Czechoslovakia |
was on the brink of returning to totalitarian rule. He saw the greatest threat to the country not in Stalin’s Soviet Union, but in the possibility of a resurgent Germany. |
“The Czechs have had seven years of German occupation and they would pay any price not to have it again. That is the reason for the Russian alliance, which is |
supported by everyone in the country of whatever class and whatever party. As the prime minister said in his speech the other day: ‘The Russian alliance is for us not |
merely a question of safety, but even of existence.’ If a great Germany is ever restored, Czech democracy and Czech independence will again be lost.” At the time when Taylor |
was in Prague - in the summer of 1946 - the expulsion of Czechoslovakia’s German-speaking minority was already well under way. In one of the most drastic and controversial transfers |
of population anywhere in peacetime history, three million German-speakers were expelled to Germany and Austria. Britain and the United States both had misgivings about the policy, but A. J. P. |
Taylor was vehement in his support. “No-one who has seen and heard what the Germans did in this country can doubt that it is impossible now to keep Germans here |
as citizens. This terror wasn’t the act of a few SS men. It was really the expression of the spirit of a whole people. The Germans have to go. But |
their transfer is being organized as decently and humanely as possible, and all the same the great majority of Czechs don’t like it. They don’t like the whole thing. They |
feel it is a defeat for the principles which they tried to defend, a defeat imposed on them by Hitler, but a defeat all the same. They are ashamed, as |
we in England are also ashamed at many of the methods we had to use in order to win the war.” To this day the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.