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It seems by 18, that many black children have made their choice. A few months ago the Schott Foundation released its report on the graduation rate for black boys and the news was almost too difficult to bear. According to the report, out of the 50 states Black boys are the least likely to graduate from high school in 33 of them. In states |
such as Ohio, D.C., Louisiana, South Carolina, Florida and New York, the high school graduation rate for black boys is less than 41 percent. How do close to 60 percent of these boys expect to gain any level of self-sufficiency without a high school diploma? With the Black middle class shrinking and Black children failing in schools, if there is going to be an |
Black middle class in the future it will be a much smaller one. If fact, based on the statistics stated above it may not include but a few black men. But we must push our children to get their education but not just for the purpose of becoming middle class. Blacks acquiring a decent education and earning a proper living wage should be the |
concern of all Americans. If American history has shown nothing else, it has shown vividly that as goes the prosperity of blacks, so goes the prosperity of the entire nation. If the core of the black middle class is dying and the prospect for its growth is slowly dying, what does that say about the prosperity of the county as a whole? Can America |
survive without a black middle class? Better question, if the Black Middle Class disappears and we become the first race of haves and have nots, how would we sleep at night knowing that 85 percent of our children may be going to bed hungry? Brandale Randolph is the author of ‘Me & My Broke Neighbor: The 7 things I Learned Just by Living Next |
Astronomers claim to have discovered oldest galaxy Colour composite image of the Subaru XMM-Newton deep survey field. In the right panel, the red galaxy at the centre of the image is the most distant galaxy, SXDF-NB1006-2, according to the astronomers. Image by NAOJ Japanese astronomers who have been using the Subaru and Keck optical/infrared telescopes on Hawaii’s Mauna Kea are claiming they have discovered |
the most distant galaxy ever, at a distance of 12.91bn light years away from planet Earth. Hawaii's Mauna Kea 4,200 metre-high summit itself hosts the world's largest observatory for optical, infrared and submillimeter astronomy. Just last week, for instance, NASA broadcast a live webinar of the transit of Venus based on obervations of the astronomical event from Mauna Kea. Up to now, the latest |
consensus had been that the universe began 13.7bn years ago with the big bang. A light year stands for the distance that light travels in a year. The scientists' findings will be published in the Astrophysical Journal on 20 June. They claim to have found SXDF-NB1006-2, which they said is slightly farther away than GN-108036. The Subaru telescope discovered this particular galaxy last year |
and it was the most distant galaxy discovered at the time. The team of Japanese astronomers has been led by Takatoshi Shibuya from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies in Japan and also involved Dr Nobunari Kashikawa from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Dr Kazuaki Ota from Kyoto University and Dr Masanori Iye from the NAOJ. The Subaru telescope on Mauna Kea. |
The telescope itself weighs 25.1 tonnes. Image by NAOJ Cosmic dawn and the early universe The astronomers are also claiming their research has verified that the proportion of neutral hydrogen gas in the 750m-year-old early universe was higher than it is today. "These findings help us to understand the nature of the early universe during the 'cosmic dawn', when the light of ancient celestial |
objects and structures appeared from obscurity," indicated an NAOJ statement. The Japanese astronomers have touched on how, about 200m to 500m years after the big bang, the dense parts of neutral hydrogen clouds contracted under their own gravity, forming the first stars and galaxies. "The radiation from this first generation of stars started to heat and reionise the hydrogen in nearby space, eventually leading |
The program, a pilot that will be brought to PS 65, Tompkinsville, and the Michael J. Petrides School, Sunnyside -- as well as an elementary school in Brooklyn -- will be the first of its type, and city officials said |
they hope to expand it to public schools systemwide. The inspiration came after years of advocacy from parents, backed by principals who noticed that certain children in their schools were falling behind, officials said. Few details are known about the |
curriculum, but officials said it will use Orton Gillingam methodologies, encouraging students to learn through visual, auditory and hands-on approaches. Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects reading and writing skills. People diagnosed with it typically do not demonstrate other |
weaknesses, but the effects, when unnoticed, can be detrimental to a person's academic success. That was the case for Laura Cavalleri, who has been among the most prominent parent advocates for dyslexia on Staten Island. An expert of sorts, she |
has researched dyslexia, raised awareness about it and spoken at countless education meetings about the need for a solution, having suffered through the public school system with the disability. "Everybody thinks you're great, because you're popular and you can communicate |
verbally, but when it comes to writing, you hide," Ms. Cavalleri said. "You feel humiliated because if people find out, they're going to tease you and they won't think of you as a leader." So she dropped out of school. |
Though the Grymes Hill resident has since earned her GED, it remains her dream to one day go to a college that will recognize her disability and help her through it. By the time her son, Lars -- also diagnosed |
with dyslexia -- was entering kindergarten in 2004, she figured public schools would offer the supports he needed. Instead, she found herself in a fervent pursuit for the recognition and help she never received. Among the obstacles she encountered is |
that of the 13 handicap designations that get placed on an Individualized Education Plan -- which determines which services will be given to children with special needs -- dyslexia is not one of them, officials said. Instead, those students are |
labeled as "learning disabled," making it difficult to track the number of students with dyslexia in the public school system. By some estimates, including one followed by the International Dyslexia Association-New York, roughly 15 percent of the population has dyslexia, |
which means it could affect about 165,000 New York City public school children. "It really is that high," said Jo Haines, executive director of the nonprofit advocacy group. "It's a real human rights issue because it's an incredible drain on |
resources to have people who would otherwise be doing quite well not being given the right attention." Ms. Haines cited a "very, very serious need" on Staten Island, indicating that the percentages may be even higher here. On March 14 |
and 15, she said the organization will host a conference at New York University, where teachers and administrators from Petrides, PS 65 and PS 154 in Brooklyn will talk about the new dyslexia program. Officials from the city Department of |
Education said training will begin next month, and will concentrate on second and seventh graders. "The city DOE admits a lot of times these ideas get started and wind up fizzling out because there's not the wherewithal to follow through," |
Ms. Haines said. "I'm hopeful as we get involved, we're going to see this as a long-term commitment." For Ms. Cavalleri, the new program is a hopeful sign that students with dyslexia can finally feel equal to their peers. "As |
long as you've got the name on it, and people are paying attention to what we can do -- it's beautiful," she said. "It's just the acknowledgment of saying, 'hey, you're sitting here.'" |
STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. — In the early weeks and months after a baby is born, their crying is usually related to their physical needs — such as hunger, hiccups or a stomachache. Later on, a baby’s cries will be less |
often associated with physical needs and more often related to psychological needs — such as to be picked up, held or played with. But, crying throughout infancy is part of a baby’s developing communication system. And, if you talk to |
some new parents, you’ll discover that they think their baby is communicating very well. Take Brandon, for instance. At 2 months of age, he screams when he is hungry or wet. And consider Santia. Only 4 months old, she lets |
out a loud shriek, punctuated by holding her breath, when she’s in pain or needs to be burped. For new parents, learning to decipher the different cries of their babies may be like learning a foreign language. In the beginning, |
parents may not know if a cry is linked to hunger, anger or pain. However, given a few more months of experience and these same parents may become experts at figuring out exactly what each type of cry means. Nonetheless, |
the cries of a baby can be as distressing for moms and dads as they obviously seem to be for the infant. And, even if they have learned to decode the meaning behind different cries, it may be quite difficult |
— or impossible sometimes — to soothe a crying baby. Although crying really only occupies about 10 percent of the typical baby’s time, it may seem like a lot more to many parents. Fortunately, there has been considerable research on |
crying and effective ways of soothing babies. For a long time there was controversy over whether you should rush to comfort a crying baby. Some thought this would lead to “spoiling” an infant. Others, however, thought that babies should not |
be left to cry as this would lead them to feel insecure or abandoned. Beginning in the 1970s, though, there were studies that looked at this controversy and the results suggested that responding promptly to a crying baby might not |
spoil the child at all. Studies showed that when mothers were quick to respond to a crying baby, that baby’s crying became less frequent and did not last as long. One theory for this was that a baby who had |
a rapidly responding mother perhaps developed the expectation that their parent would always be there to help. Researchers also have looked at the best ways of soothing crying infants. This is particularly welcome research for parents who get upset when |
they just don’t seem to be able to find the right approach to calming a distressed infant. What researchers have found is that to some extent babies are capable of relieving their own upset. When babies learn to soothe themselves, |
sucking is often involved. As it turns out, many babies while still in the womb begin to perform a sucking action. Because of this innate ability to use a sucking response to self-soothe, giving a baby a pacifier becomes one |
effective soothing technique. Also, it has been found that sucking on certain substances are more effective for calming a baby than sucking on other substances. LIKE IT SWEET For example, sucking on a liquid with a sweet taste is more |
effective than, say, sucking on plain water. While sucking on a sweet-tasting substance was effective with many new-born babies, it was less effective by the end of the first month — unless the sucking was accompanied by eye contact with |
a parent (or another caregiver). What this indicates is that as infants mature, they begin to rely more on social contact with parents to help regulate their emotional states. But there are several other methods of calming infants that have |
been studied. Any or all of these can be effective for some babies. One of the most effective calming techniques in general was holding a baby on your shoulder. Another was moving a baby horizontally, which was found to be |
very calming for some infants. In addition, moving a baby to a sitting position, holding her to your breast, holding her in an embrace, and using a soothing voice were all found to work well with some infants. |
Originally published in 1909, this biography by Isabel Wallace recounts the life of her adoptive father, the little-recognized William Hervy Lamme Wallace, the highest-ranking Union officer to fall at the battle of Shiloh. Born in 1821 in Ohio, Wallace and his family moved to Illinois in 1834, where he was educated at Rock Springs Seminary in Mount Morris. On his way to study law |
with Abraham Lincoln in Springfield in 1844, Wallace was persuaded by local attorney T. Lyle Dickey, a close friend of Lincoln, to join his practice in Ottawa instead. Wallace eventually married Dickey’s daughter, Martha Ann, in 1851. When the Civil War broke out, both Wallace and Dickey immediately volunteered for service with the Eleventh Illinois, which assembled in Springfield. Wallace was elected as the |
unit’s colonel; a successful lawyer, a friend of President Lincoln, a generation older than most privates, and an officer with Mexican War experience, he was entirely suited for such command. Wallace was appointed brigadier general for his performance at Fort Donelson, the first notable Union victory in the Civil War. Wallace’s troops had saved the day, although the Eleventh Illinois had lost nearly two-thirds |
of its men. He then moved with his troops to Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, where Confederates launched a surprise attack on the forces of Major General Ulysses S. Grant at Shiloh Church on Sunday, April 6, 1862. Wallace, who held only temporary command of one of Grant’s six divisions, fought bravely but was mortally wounded as he began to withdraw his men on the afternoon |
of the battle. His wife, who had arrived at Pittsburg Landing by steamer on the day of the battle, was at his side when he died three days later. Grant praised Wallace in 1868 as “the equal of the best, if not the very best, of the Volunteer Generals with me at the date of his death.” Isabel Wallace traces her father’s life from |
his upbringing in Ottawa through his education, his service in the Mexican War, his law practice, his courtship of and marriage to her mother, and his service in the Eleventh Illinois until his mortal injury at Shiloh. She also details his funeral and her and her mother’s life in the postwar years. Based on the copious letters and family papers of the general and |
his wife, the biography also provides historical information on federal politics of the period, including commentary on Lincoln’s campaign and election and on state politics, especially regarding T. Lyle Dickey, Wallace’s father-in-law and law partner, prominent Illinois politician, and associate of Lincoln. It is illustrated with fifteen black-and-white halftones. Isabel Wallace was only four years old when her father fell at Shiloh. She lived |
at The Oaks, the family home in Ottawa, Illinois, until her death in 1933. John Y. Simon is a professor of history at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. He is the editor of The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, published by Southern Illinois University Press. |
Though this very well might be a small miracle, there is a real miracle I’d like to share with you in honor of St. Patrick’s Day. It is a documented phenomenon that occurred over three centuries ago that is still remembered and celebrated today. It is close to my heart for a very special reason, as you’ll see when you read on. Happy St. |
Patrick’s Day from Smallest Leaf! As a Catholic and a mother, I often look to Christ’s mother, Mary, for inspiration. She is the perfect example of womanhood. Her life has provided encouragement to women for many generations, including my own and my beloved ancestors’ (on both the Irish and Hungarian/Croatian sides of the family). In many places throughout the world, Mary is remembered by |
a special name or title, or honored with a particular statue or painting containing her image. There are countless “names” for Mary. I thought I had heard of most of them. I was surprised to come across a new title for Mary recently that I absolutely could not believe. As the descendant of Irish and Hungarian ancestors, I was thrilled to discover the Irish |
Madonna of Hungary. The story behind this title of Mary involves a beautiful painting, two European cities a continent apart, and a documented miracle that is as surprising as it is inspiring. The village of Clonfert in County Galway, Ireland could not hide from the troubles facing the island during the middle of the 17th century. Oliver Cromwell was imposing his will on the |
Irish people – often brutally – and many, particularly church leaders, were displaced, persecuted, or killed. Among those was one Irish bishop by the name of Walter Lynch. As history tells us, Bishop Lynch was forced to flee his native Clonfert to Galway city. After the attack and capture of Galway, he was pursued to the island of Inisbofin, and then escaped to mainland |
Europe. He was in Austria by 1655 – four years after fleeing Clonfert. While in Austria, the good Bishop met the Bishop of Győr, Hungary, who offered him the opportunity to continue his ministry within the Győr diocese until the time when Bishop Lynch could safely return to his homeland. Sadly, Bishop Lynch, who was making plans to return to Ireland, passed away in |
Győr in the year 1663, twelve years after leaving Clonfert. During his travels as an exile, the Bishop had carried with him a painting of Mary and the child Jesus (shown below), which he had saved from the Clonfert cathedral. Before his passing, Bishop Lynch had placed the picture in the care of the Bishop of Győr, who put it on display in the |
Győr cathedral. Thirty-four years passed with the painting housed in the Győr cathedral. The Hungarian faithful venerated this beautiful image of the Madonna, and felt sure that Mary’s intercession on their behalf had ensured their recent victories over the Turks. By the year 1697, Hungary was enjoying newfound peace. Unfortunately, that same year, Ireland was beginning to face one of its greatest trials: the |
outlawing of the Catholic faith, the confiscation of its churches, and the banishment of all Catholic clergy from the British Isles. As historical accounts tell us, on the feast of St. Patrick on March 17, 1697 a miracle occurred in Győr. According to the account of a priest who witnessed the event, “…the picture of the Blessed Virgin in the cathedral began to weep |
copiously.” Additional details recorded indicate that this “weeping”, or “bloody sweat”, went on for several hours, and that witnesses of various denominations were unable to attribute the occurrence to any natural cause. Eventually, word of the miracle spread throughout the city. It was witnessed by thousands, many of whom signed a document indicating their presence at the time of the miracle. These included the |
imperial governor of the city, mayor, councilmen, the Bishop, priests, Protestant ministers, a Jewish rabbi and many more. A linen cloth used to soak up the liquid is still on display today in the cathedral. The inscription on the case reads: “This is the true cloth which was used to dry the blood, which this picture shed in this church on St. Patrick’s Day |
1697.” |The linen cloth on display in Győr Basilica today| (Image thanks to Győri Egyházmegye - Győr Diocese) The beautiful image of the Irish Madonna of Hungary, also referred to as the Consolatrix Afflictorum (Consoler of the Afflicted), remains in the cathedral to this day, framed in silver above the altar. For over three centuries, it has played a special role in drawing together |
the two nations of Hungary and Ireland. Every March 17 since 1947 (the 250 year anniversary of the miracle), even during the Communist regime, Hungarian priests have made a pilgrimage to the Győr cathedral and visited the Győri Könnyező Szűzanya (Győr Weeping Virgin Mary) or Ír Madonna (Irish Madonna), as they call the painting in the Hungarian language. |Hungarian priests in procession at Győr |
Basilica| (Image thanks to Győri Egyházmegye - Győr Diocese) Other special celebrations occur regularly for Hungarian lay Catholics to honor Mary’s weeping image in Győr, and there is even an annual Croatian-speaking celebration. Irish Catholics, too, regularly make pilgrimages to the Irish Madonna of Hungary. The year 1997 (the 300-year anniversary of the miracle) saw a special exchange as the Irish Clonfert Bishop John |
Kirby was presented a copy of the painting by Győr Bishop Lajos Papai on his visit to the city. |Győr, Hungary's Bishop Lajos Papai giving a copy of the | painting to Clonfert, Ireland's Bishop John Kirby (Image thanks to Hitvallás) |The Basilica of Győr today| As you may know, Catholics like to choose patron saints for themselves. I think it’s pretty obvious that |
Mary, the Irish Madonna of Hungary, is the ideal patron saint for this Irish/Hungarian genealogist! I hope that Győr’s Weeping Virgin Mary, the Consoler of the Afflicted, will smile down on my efforts to continue the search for ancestors on both sides of my family tree: those from Bishop Lynch’s beloved native Ireland, and those from Hungary, the country that welcomed him with open |
arms. If you'd like to read more about the history of the Irish Madonna of Hungary, check out the following websites and books: - Hitvallás (Creed) 2005, a Győri Egyházmegye folyóirata (the online magazine of the Diocese of Győr) - special online issue in the 350th anniversary year of the painting's arrival in Győr (website in Hungarian and English) - The Irish Madonna of |
Hungary by Zsolt Aradi from Shrines to Our Lady Around the World published in 1954 by Farrar, Straus & Young (webpage in English) - Győri Egyházmegye (Győr Diocese) (webpage in Hungarian) - Szomorúak vigasztalója : a győri könnyező szűzanya - az ír madonna by Hetény János, Kiss Tamás, Szabó Béla (book published in 2009 in Hungarian; German and English translations available - see this |
We saw 2 business plan presentations yesterday from companies creating products to generate electricity in the developing world. Both discussed a broad range of advantages of electrification. But what was really interesting is both presentations stressed the need for cell phone power and charging as a key driver of demand for electricity. We were at the Global Business Incubator (GBI) |
annual business plan presentations. The GBI is a two week business training boot camp for social entrepreneurs at Silicon Valley's Santa Clara University. This year 14 companies were selected to participate from over 300 applicants. In its 7th year, the GBI has a number of successful graduates including the well known micro finance company Kiva. One of our take aways |
from the presentations is the central role cell phones play in these businesses. This by itself is no surprise. The role and importance of cell phones in the developing world is well documented (see these NY Times and Economist articles for more on this topic). But what was surprising is how quickly cell phones have become a key and crucial |
part of the business infrastructure in the developing world - and how this is leading to impacts well beyond direct voice communications and texting. Some of the 2nd order cell phone impacts we heard about yesterday include: - driving rural electrification - enabling supply and demand chains - providing education and training - improving health care - providing access to |
markets and market data - enabling the organization of groups and co-ops Related to this trend, Nokia recently announced plans to release a cell phone based mobile payments system targeting Africa and Asia. One of the reasons given by Nokia is there are a lot more cell phones in the world (4 billion) than there are bank accounts (1.6 billion). |
The Transition from Institutional to Community-based Care Across the European Union people spend long years in institutional care. Some of them have physical or intellectual disabilities, others suffer from mental health problems, and yet others are elderly and frail. There are also many children in institutions, both with disabilities and without. For decades, the existence of such institutional care was seen as proof that |
society cares, that it does not leave vulnerable persons without assistance and that it provides the needy with food, shelter, clothing and treatment. But is this indeed the best possible model which advanced European societies can offer to these people in the 21st century? I am convinced that in an age when non-material aspects such as human dignity, autonomy and inclusion in the community |
are increasingly recognised as being of paramount importance, European societies should aim for more humane, person-centred, individualised models of care. The users themselves and, where applicable, also their families should become partners and take part in all decision-making. Everyone should be enabled to reach their full potential. ( Vladimír Špidla – ex Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities) Many people of all |
ages and different conditions (elderly, children, persons with disabilities – including persons with mental health problems) live in residential institutions which tend to segregate them from the community. These institutions are not defined primarily by their size but above all by features of “institutional culture” : depersonalisation, rigidity of routine, block treatment, social distance, paternalism… In general, the process of desinstitutionalisation must respect users' |
rights, and users have to be involved in all decision-making processes. There has to be a holistic system of prevention of placement into institutions. Community-based services must be created in parallel with the closure of the institutions. The process requires sufficient and well-trained staff with skills appropriate for community-based care as well as adequate support to families. Typical characteristics of "institutional culture" have been |
described and analysed by pioneering researchers some four decades ago. It has long been argued that institutional care segregates users and tends to be characterised by depersonalisation (removal of personal possessions, signs and symbols of individuality and humanity), rigidity of routine (fixed timetables for waking, eating and activity irrespective of personal preferences or needs), block treatment (processing people in groups without privacy or individuality) |
and social distance (symbolising the different status of staff and residents). Key challenges in transition from institutional to community-based care and suggestions on how to address them in current institutional arrangements 2. Risk of maintaining parallel services 3. Too "institutional" alternatives 4. Closure without Common Basic Principles for transition from institutional to community-based care 1. Respecting users' rights and involving them, and their families, |
in decision-making 2. Prevention of institutionalisation 3. Creation of community-based services 4. Closure of institutions: This process should, if possible, start from 5. Restriction on investment in existing institutions 6. Development of human resources 7. Efficient use of resources 8. Control of quality 9. Holistic approach 10. Continuous awareness-raising Comment of Ian PFEIFFER , chairman of High Level Expert Group preparing Report of the |
Transition from Institutional to Community-based Care The need for community mental health services (where we stand in the reform of the mental health system) In a period when political forces (including the Romanian government) declare that the welfare state has to come to an end, it is important that professionals in the area of social protection and mental health raise again basic questions about |
the chances and the rights of people with mental health issues to have access to adequate services. The paper will look to some of the Romanian social policy measures adopted in the area of mental health that have marked the EU integration process, and point to their effects on the quality of life of people with mental health problems. It will discuss the Romanian |
regulations on assisted living, and its positive effects in deinstitutionalization. It will also raise issues related to the lack of community mental health services and its negative consequences on the outcomes of deinstitutionalization and the quality of life of beneficiaries. Outreach by community mental health services to people with mental health problems will be presented as a necessary multi-professional comprehensive action, which can provide |
shelter, monitored medication, rehabilitation activities, legal representation, psychological and social support for people with mental health problems. We shall argue that investment in community mental health services is a necessary condition to the rehabilitation of mental health patients, a necessary step in the improvement of both psychiatry services and social services for social cases. Maria Roth - Cluj-Napoca - Romania - Présentation réforme SSM |
2010 en Belgique région de Bruxelles-Capitale Années 60 : recours privilégiés aux soins en ambulatoire et création de centres conventionnées INAMI Années 90 : fermeture d’un nombre conséquent de lits psychiatriques (lits T) sans création équivalente de places résidentielles (IHP & MSP) région bruxelloise se différencie des autres régions par une offre psychiatrique moindre, des soins à domicile moindre, une médecine hospitalière générale avec |
beaucoup d’actes techniques (voir la présence de 3 hôpitaux universitaires), un nombre important de centres conventionnés INAMI et une offre ambulatoire et associative importante, variée et pointue. 2007 : lancement des projets thérapeutiques (fin en avril 2011) thérapeutiques ont permis (toutes les nuances sont de mises): des ponts entre les secteurs hospitaliers, ambulatoires et formaliser le travail en réseau. d’identifier une multitude de modèles |
de coordination des institutions non directement dispensatrices de soins dans les processus de concertation le patient aux décisions concernant son plan de soin thérapeutiques c’est aussi : modalités de fonctionnement rigide imposé par l’INAMI temporalité inexistante pour démarrer les projets dans de bonnes inadéquation entre le temps clinique et le temps organisationnel de la première ligne (médecins généralistes) monitoring quantitatif du patient totalement inadapté |
leurs lits psychiatriques (art.107) que les fonctions 2,3 et 4 seront réalisées. La promotion des projets passe par eux. choix des partenaires ambulatoires semble également être l’apanage du secteur hospitalier. Cela, ils sont « obligés » de collaborer avec des structures ambulatoires s’ils veulent obtenir une chance de voir leur projet retenu. SSM semblent être invités à s’inscrire dans la fonction 1. Personnellement, je |
lien entre les différents dispensateurs de soins et ainsi permettre la continuité des soins Youri Caels - Coordinateur Plate-forme concertation santé mentale en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale as a resource and a therapeutic practice As is well known, after Philippe Pinel, the man who cast off the shackles of the insane, the French law of 1838 was officially sanctioning the asylum model. director of the |
mental hospital was a sort of Louis XIV within the Institution. Just in the same way as the Berlin wall represents an extraordinary metaphor of the uselessness of containing subjective personalities within one wall. When in the year 1961 the first director of a psychiatric Asylum simply refused to sign the restraint register, an epoch of dialectic, rather than tyranny, began towards mental patients. |
Transcultural psychiatry can explain to us today that what we once believed to be unreason is actually just a “different” form of Reason. International experiences demonstrate the fact that it is possible to substitute ever larger sectors of a traditional service aimed at providing care and reparation for the damage done, with is that rehabilitation is directly connected to deinstitutionalisation. Rehabilitation is closely linked |
to emancipation. In this process, the organisation of resources for work becomes central. In the end, to cure is to change. Thus, this concept of emancipation goes beyond the closure of lunatic asylums and extends further. “great deinstitutionalisation” of the 70s everyone, both users and professionals, played their part in freeing themselves from the burdens and fetters of Total Psychiatric Institutions. Today residential facilities, |
as part of an organised network of services, are a cornerstone of deinstitutionalisation and rehabilitation. In the 80s there was a widespread debate throughout Europe concerning those places where the historical budget which used to belong to the Total Institution was not dismantled and dispersed, but reconverted into new reformed community services, it was largely possible to preserve resources. Deinstitutionalisation costs less than asylums. |
is neither necessary nor advisable to allow budgets to fall drastically, which would greatly reduce action in the spheres of rehabilitation, therapy, social healthcare. Reconverting resources, i.e. staff, implies changing attitudes within the service. if reconversion is TOTAL will it be possible to leave authoritative, control-based psychiatry behind and make way for a different future. As long as one single person is still tied |
up or isolated, this kind of response will continue to be considered ultimately indispensable. This can create an ideological-practical-ideological short circuit which reinforces and feeds itself. resources are by far the most important, as staff is capable and experienced in relating to such special clients as psychiatric service users are. Traditional psychiatric staff should be reconverted and become carers who work in people’s homes. |
Their previous role which aimed at control must be largely forgotten, and instead a new practice based essentially on the idea of service must be developed. by Lorenzo Toresini Beyond the principle of love and hate”, „Dincolo de principiul iubire-ură.” The title of this paper represents a metaphor for what we have considered to be the relational quintessence of these teenagers acting-outs, abuse, suicide |
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