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no one is entitled to everything they want (except me), but all of us have the right to expect something at least some of the time. Someone with healthy entitlement |
expects neither too much nor too little in any given situation. They have expectations that are appropriate. If you think about different environments — in the workplace, at a party, |
at the store, etc. — you can probably make a list of rights that anyone would have in that situation. Not to be abused is a universal right. Beyond that, |
circumstances dictate what you can reasonably expect. One thing that’s always true: If you’re paying for something, you have a right to expect something. A paying customer has the right |
to expect to be treated with courtesy, and to receive merchandise or services that meet basic standards for quality. Consider a diner at a restaurant whose dinner is lukewarm or |
improperly cooked. Someone with too much entitlement may act as if personally insulted. They might offer a few choice words to the manager, demand an apology from the chef, and |
insist on the meal being free. Even if they seem assertive (don’t be fooled; that ain’t assertiveness!), they tend to come across as difficult or rude. Over-entitlement is what gives |
entitlement a bad name. In contrast, someone with not-enough entitlement will say nothing, or else make a remark to a companion that ends with, “It’s fine,” and eat the meal |
anyway. They don’t want to cause anyone discomfort. Under-entitlement isn’t any healthier than over-entitlement. It’s just quieter. An example of an appropriately entitled response might be to inform the wait |
staff politely that the food is cold or not cooked as described and, if necessary, request a do-over. If things don’t go smoothly from there, that’s a good reason not |
to eat there again. Entitlement and Self-Esteem Healthy entitlement seems to correlate with healthy self-esteem. Low self-esteem is often paired with either too little (“I’m not worth it”) or too |
much (overcompensating) entitlement. When you practice healthy entitlement you support your self-esteem. You’re acting on your own behalf as a valued companion and friend. Failing to speak up for yourself |
just reminds you that you’re not worth speaking up for. Being appropriately entitled doesn’t mean stepping on other people; you’re just making sure you don’t get the short end of |
Photograph by Carl D. Walsh, Aurora Photos What a Difference a century makes. A hundred years ago in the United States, damming mighty rivers to create clean, reliable electricity was seen as an innovative way to harness nature’s power, create jobs, and build communities. Except that somebody forgot to tell |
the fish. Dams present nonnegotiable obstacles for salmon, steelhead, alewives, and other anadromous species that swim upstream to their spawning grounds. Though some newer, larger projects have fish elevators or ladders to alleviate the problem, the U.S. still has thousands of small dams that don’t. The victims include not just |
the fish but eagles, ospreys, otters, bears, and other animals above them in the food chain. In the past decade, however, there’s been a monumental shift. From the Kennebec to the Clark Fork to the Rogue to the Rappahannock, dams are coming down. The result is a windfall not only |
for fish and their predators but also for anglers, kayakers, rafters, hikers, and mountain bikers. Serena McClain, a director at the nonprofit conservancy American Rivers, estimates that the number of dams removed annually has increased from 28 in 2000 to more than 50 now. The organization has declared 2011 the |
“Year of the River” in honor of the unprecedented numbers and scope of dam elimination projects. This fall, McClain says, the United States will likely witness its 1,000th dam removal. Environmentalists needn’t worry about the loss of green energy. The overwhelming majority of dams already removed or targeted for razing |
delivered minuscule amounts of power; many are small dams once used to power mills that are no longer in existence. The Maine Event The watershed moment (pardon the pun) for dam removal was 1997, when the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission denied a new license for the 162-year-old Edwards Dam along |
Maine’s Kennebec River. The agency ordered the owners to remove it, saying the environmental benefit of doing so outweighed the value of any hydropower it provided. The Edwards Dam came down in 1999, opening an additional 18 miles of spawning habitat along the Kennebec River for salmon, striped bass, shad, |
and hundreds of thousands of alewives, a herring used for baiting lobster traps. “Visitors can now see nine-foot sturgeon leaping into the air at eye level. Fishermen are catching shad for the first time in over a century. The eagle population is astounding,” says Rick Lawrence, alewife warden for the |
town of Benton, Maine. “We even had a seal in Waterville, chasing fish 40 miles upstream from the Atlantic.” Every June, the Kennebec Celebration festival attracts more than a hundred canoeists and kayakers for a 17-mile paddle past the former dam site. The Kennebec’s success made it a blueprint for |
restoring other rivers. In Sandy, Ore., 28 miles southeast of Portland, the local utility company realized that upgrading its hydropower plant to modern licensing standards would cost more than razing it. In 2007, Portland General Electric (PGE) blew up the Marmot Dam, freeing the Sandy River’s entire 56-mile run, from |
Mount Hood to the Columbia River Gorge, for the first time since 1912. As a parting gift, PGE donated the 1,500 acres surrounding the former dam site to the nonprofit Western Rivers Conservancy. This tract, which includes old-growth Douglas fir and hemlock forests, had been off-limits to the public for |
security reasons. But with the dam gone, there will be new put-in and take-out points for paddlers as well as trails through the forests for hikers, bikers, and birders. Portland’s kayakers, canoeists, and rafters are thrilled. They no longer have to portage around the dam, and the increased river flow |
has extended paddling season from March to July. Dave Slover, owner of Alder Creek Kayak and Canoe, calls the Sandy’s inner canyon “one of the coolest places I’ve boated in the world.” A similar story unfolded last year along North Carolina’s Tuckasegee River, southeast of Great Smoky Mountains National Park |
and a favorite among families for its beginner-friendly rapids. After the local utility removed the Dillsboro Dam, the Tuckasegee developed a new section of Class II rapids that has become popular with canoeists and kayakers. This fall, the biggest dam removal project in U.S. history and perhaps the world gets |
underway along the Elwha River in Washington’s Olympic Peninsula. Both the Glines Canyon Dam and the 98-year-old Elwha Dam will be razed, opening more than 70 miles of river and streams to all five species of Pacific salmon: king, sockeye, silver, chum, and pink. Although the dams won’t be completely |
removed until 2014, Dave Reynolds, a public information officer at Olympic National Park, says visitors should notice changes soon. The Park Service estimates salmon stocks will ultimately increase from 3,000 to 300,000, which will fuel corresponding leaps in the populations of bald eagles, otters, black bears, and other wildlife. Reynolds |
expects the dam removal itself may be an attraction. “People will want to see what the big deal is.” Each successful dam breaching encourages Restore Hetch Hetchy, a San Francisco–based nonprofit that is spearheading an effort to restore a valley in Yosemite now flooded because of the O’Shaughnessy Dam. Opposition |
to the flooding of the valley dates back to the naturalist and early environmentalist John Muir himself, who in 1870 called it “a wonderfully exact counterpart” of Yosemite Valley. To dam this beloved valley, he later lamented, would be akin to destroying “the people’s cathedrals and churches, for no holier |
temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man.” Despite Muir’s protestations, the city of San Francisco won federal authority to clear-cut the valley and in 1923 built the dam, which has delivered water to San Francisco ever since. Mike Marshall, Restore Hetch Hetchy’s executive director, says the dam |
could be breached without undermining San Francisco’s water supply. The organization plans to collect signatures in hopes of placing the issue on city ballots in November 2012. If the dam ends up being removed, Marshall anticipates the return of trout and bears, foxes, and bobcats in the first few years, |
meadows and saplings within five years, and trees tall enough for shade in 25 years. He envisions a day when visitors rave not about Yosemite Valley but rather the park’s twin valleys. Shop National Geographic |
ISLAMABAD: The government has decided to introduce labelling of genetically modified (GM) food to protect consumers from malpractices of producers and suppliers of bio-technology products. According to documents, the labelling |
of GM food will also give choice to the consumers whether to consume GM or non-GM food. International rules for labelling of GM food vary considerably. Some countries are in |
the process of discussing legislation, some have mandatory laws in place for several years and others such as Canada have opted for a voluntary regime. Australia has taken a leading |
role by implementing stringent, science-based regulations and is among the first countries in the world to introduce labelling laws which are not about safety but respect the rights of consumers |
to make informed purchasing choices. Labelling policies were first introduced by the European Union (EU) in 1997, but since then many other countries including all developed nations have adopted some |
type of labelling policy for GM food. Different options for GM food labelling are being considered by stakeholders in Pakistan, according to a concept paper relating to ‘Genetically Modified Organisms |
(GMO) and Food Labelling.’ Commercial release of any GM material requires approval of the National Bio-safety Committee. The commercial release depends on environmental safety testing along with food safety studies. |
“The genetically modified BT cotton has been commercially released in the country and some proper and standard labelling is required to protect the growers, who are interested in growing BT |
cotton or otherwise,” reveals the concept paper. Labelling was also necessary to protect the consumers from malpractices of producers and suppliers as there were evidences of mixing GM seed with |
non-GM seed, it said. In the concept paper, two options for labelling GM food have been discussed, whether it should be mandatory or voluntary. Mandatory labelling will impose excessive costs |
on the producers of GM food, which will threaten research and commercialisation of goods. In contrast, voluntary labelling will limit producer costs and will be commercially and socially optimal. Labelling |
policies are based on the assumption that the industry is unable or unwilling to identify the risks inherent in their GMO products. Therefore, the government intervenes in the market with |
mandatory labelling policies to ensure consumer protection from potential health and safety risks associated with consumption of GM food. “Mandatory labelling may be a clear threat to the continued development |
of bio-technology products and processes. Nevertheless, in the absence of industry action, the government may be pushed by consumers and lobby groups to impose mandatory labelling to ensure firms are |
Children's Sunday School 2010-2011 marked Trinity's 8th year using the Workshop Rotation Model for Sunday School. Trinity Children in grades kindergarten through 5th grade attend Sunday School in their very own Faith Forest. Here they learn the Bible stories through different methods of teaching and learning. What is Faith Forest? What is Rotation Sunday School? Developed in the early 1990s, Rotation Sunday School creates |
a Sunday School environment that is child-friendly and incorporates theories of multiple intelligences into our classrooms. How it works: We take one Bible story and, instead of trying to teach every detail of the story in 45 minutes, we spend five weeks learning about that story. Children are grouped by ages and travel to a different workshop each week to learn something new about |
the Bible story. For example, our first rotation of 2006-2007 focused on the story of Joseph. The kindergarten and first grade class traveled to Tent Tales, our story-telling room, for their first week. There they saw a video that brought Joseph's story to life. The next week, the K5-first grade class went to Cabin Creations, the art room, where they made a colorful windsock |
and learned more about Joseph's special coat. Next they traveled to Mystery Mountain, where Mrs. Katy used brownies to show about jealousy and favoritism. Who knew brownies could teach so much?! The next week the class traveled to Bug Bytes, our computer lab, where they used the computer to look up more information about Joseph's story. They finished the rotation in Tree House Trivia, |
the game room, where games and activities reinforced the Bible story. Our other grade levels attended the same workshops over the 5 weeks- they simply visited each workshop in a different order. Why it works: The rotation model is based on years of research that suggests that we all learn in different ways. It's called the multiple intelligence theory. So we use hands-on activity, |
art, stories, games, and technology to bring each story to life. Because each workshop- and therefore, each week- is different, kids don't get bored. And the repetition of the story each week helps to reinforce the details. Rotation Sunday School is also easier on teachers. A teacher commits to teaching five weeks. Better yet, they only have to prepare one lesson. Because they have |
a different age group each week, they teach the same lesson five times. (Although, to be fair, some adjustments have to be made because the lesson for K5-1st grades has to be different than that for 5th graders!) It is our hope that after participating in Rotation Sunday School for five years, students will have learned major Bible stories and key points of the |
February 1, 1999 Medical students and public health master's candidates may outnumber them, but the students earning doctoral degrees on the downtown campus play an integral part in Tulane's academic medical center. "Anytime you have a medical center, it's important |
to have strong biomedical science programs," says Martha Gilliland, provost and dean of the Graduate School. "Doctors who do clinical work at the medical school want to do research also, and in order to do research you need doctoral students. |
Without them, you can't have a great medical school with great programs." Almost 300 students are currently enrolled in 14 doctoral programs in the schools of medicine and public health. Most are earning their doctor of philosophy degrees, but some |
are working toward the doctor of public health and the doctor of science degrees. All three degrees require class work and research activities. The School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine has recently inaugurated an executive doctor of science program |
in health systems management. Downtown departments offering doctoral degrees include the basic sciences (anatomy, biochemistry, human genetics, microbiology and immunology, molecular and cellular biology, neuroscience, pharmacology and physiology) and dpartments in the public health school (biostatistics and epidemiology, international health |
and development, community health sciences, environmental health sciences, health systems management and tropical medicine). With 43 students, the largest of the graduate programs in the basic medical sciences is molecular and cellular biology, an interdisciplinary program directed by Barbara Beckman, |
professor of pharmacology. The program shares 15 new graduate stipend allotments each year with the cell and molecular biology department on the uptown campus. "The program has 85 faculty members in departments spanning the uptown and downtown campuses," Beckman says. |
"Faculty members continuously want to join the program. They're all interested in having students in their labs." Some of the research projects students in the program have worked on include examining how HIV causes specific changes in gene expression, identifying |
genes associated with the transmission of malaria via mosquitoes and studying asbestos-related lung disease using genetically engineered mice. One of the major goals of the molecular and cellular biology program is to step up recruitment of students, Beckman says. "If |
Tulane is to move up in the rankings in biomedical sciences we need to get better and better students," she says. Graduate students also help foster interaction between departments, says Jim Karam, professor and chair of biochemistry, which has 14 |
doctoral students. "The presence of students is like blood circulating in the system," Karam says. "They all know each other and they travel from lab to lab learning about everyone's research. They increase the interaction between scientists." Students also deserve |
credit for helping the university's strategic goals, Karam says. "Students have a great deal to do with generating extramural grant funding by helping to write proposals and working in the labs," he says. "They really are part of the intellectual |
potential link between changes in solar activity and the Earth’s climate. In a paper due to be published in an upcoming volume of the Annals of Glaciology, Paul Mayewski, director |
of UMaine’s Climate Change Institute, and 11 colleagues from China, Australia and UMaine describe evidence from ice cores pointing to an association between the waxing and waning of zonal wind |
strength around Antarctica and a chemical signal of changes in the sun’s output. At the heart of the paper, Solar Forcing of the Polar Atmosphere, are calcium, nitrate and sodium |
data from ice cores collected in four Antarctic locations and comparisons of those data to South Pole ice core isotope data for beryllium-10, an indicator of solar activity. The authors |
also point to data from Greenland and the Canadian Yukon that suggest similar relationships between solar activity and the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere. They focus on years since 1400 |
when the Earth entered a roughly 500-year period known as the Little Ice Age. The researchers’ goal is to understand what drives the Earth’s climate system without taking increases in |
greenhouse gases into account, says Mayewski. “There are good reasons to be concerned about greenhouse gases, but we should be looking at the climate system with our eyes open,” he |
adds. Understanding how the system operates in the absence of human impacts is important for responding to climate changes that might occur in the future. Mayewski founded the International Transantarctic |
Scientific Expedition (ITASE) and is the co-author of The Ice Chronicles: The Quest to Understand Global Climate Change, published in 2002 with Frank White. The United States’ ITASE office is |
located at UMaine. Antarctic locations used in the paper include: Law Dome, a 4,576-foot high ice mound located about 68 miles from the coast facing the Indian Ocean and the |
site of an Australian research station; Siple Dome, a 2,000-foot high ice covered mound located between two ice streams that flow out of the Transantarctic Mountains into the Ross ice |
shelf, and the site of a U.S. research station; and two ITASE field sites west of Siple Dome where ice cores were collected during field surveys in 2000 and 2001. |
The authors are Mayewski, Kirk A. Maasch, Eric Meyerson, Sharon Sneed, Susan Kaspari, Daniel Dixon, and Erich Osterberg, all from UMaine; Yping Yan of the China Meterological Association; Shichang Kang |
of UMaine and the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Vin Morgan, Tas van Ommen and Mark Curran of the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC in Tasmania. Since at least the |
1840s when sunspot cycles were discovered, scientists have proposed that solar variability could affect the climate, but direct evidence of that relationship and understanding of a mechanism have been lacking. |
The ice core data show, the authors write, that when solar radiation increases, more calcium is deposited at Siple Dome and at one of the ITASE field sites. The additional |
calcium may reflect an increase in wind strength in mid-latitude regions around Antarctica, they add, especially over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Calcium in West Antarctic ice cores is thought |
to derive mainly from dust in Australia, Africa and South America and from sea salt in the southern ocean. That finding, they note, is consistent with other research suggesting that |
the sun may affect the strength of those mid-latitude winds through changes in stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. The authors also refer to sodium data from Siple Dome ice cores that |
have been reported by Karl Kreutz, director of UMaine’s stable isotope laboratory. Changes in sodium appear to be associated with air pressure changes over the South Pacific. Ice core data |
from Law Dome focus on changes in nitrate and may reflect changing wind patterns over Antarctica. The wind currents that bring nitrate to the continent, however, are less well known |
in tree rings and ice cores to provide an indication of the sun’s strength. The ice core data reported in the paper demonstrates a direct atmospheric consequence associated with changing |
I know some filesystems present themselves through Fuse and I was wondering about the pros and cons to this approach. I'm not positive if you mean real, on-disk filesystems or any filesystem. I've never seen a normal filesystem use FUSE, although I suppose it's possible; the main benefit of FUSE is it lets you present something to applications (or the |
user) that looks like a filesystem, but really just calls functions within your application when the user tries to do things like list the files in a directory or create a new file. Plan9 is well known for trying to make everything accessible through the filesystem, and the For example, here's a screenshot of a (very featureless) FUSE filesystem that |
gives access to SE site data: Naturally none of those files actually exist; when |show 1 more comment| Unix filesystems are traditionally implemented in the kernel. FUSE allows filesystems to be implemented by a user program. In-kernel filesystems are better suited for main filesystems for programs and data: FUSE filesystems have other advantages, mostly revolving around their flexibility: FUSE isn't |
The following videos demonstrate and describe the practice of Philosophy with children. Please click on the title links to view the videos where they are hosted online. Those videos which |
were able to be embedded on this page may be viewed by scrolling down. Dr Sara Goering: Philosophy for Kids – Sparking a Love of Learning An outstanding introduction to |
Philosophy for Children, presented as a lively talk on TEDx. Dr. Sara Goering is Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Member of the Program on Values in Society, and Program Director for |
the Northwest Center for Philosophy for Children at the University of Washington, Seattle (USA). She develops programs to bring philosophy to K-12 students. A 15-minute video ‘Picture Book Philosophy’ featuring |
Professor Tom Wartenberg: Tom Wartenberg is a Professor of Philosophy at Mt Holyoke College (USA) and a leading exponent of Philosophy for Children in disadvantaged school communities. Along with maintaining |
popular website for teaching children philosophy, he teaches an innovative course in which his students teach philosophy to elementary school children. This video provides a fascinating insight into what goes |
on in a classroom of seven-year-olds doing Philosophy with university mentors. A 4-minute video ‘Philosophy for Children’ featuring Associate Professor Philip Cam: Phil Cam (University of NSW) is an international |
leader in Philosophy for Children who wrote the acclaimed curriculum for teaching Ethics in public schools across NSW. This video describes the practice of Philosophy in a school classroom in |
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