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rate and tree vigor. High temperatures and wind, heat and light reflection from nearby hard surfaces, and high fertilization rates can increase the potentially damaging effects of low moisture on tree growth and survival. Trees are one of the best investments in areas which experience low water availability. They need to be regularly watered in a limited area for the first three years of |
growth until they become established and the root system develops to where it can obtain water from the environment. Most trees require very little irrigation water after establishment. Root growth and decomposition provide organic matter to the soil, which will increase soil infiltration and capacity rates of water, and reduce water run-off. Trees shade the ground and reduce the heat and evaporation caused by |
direct sunlight, which in turn, allows better water infiltration into the soil. Trees (after establishment) do not require their entire root system to receive water in order to survive. Comparatively, trees require less water per canopy area than landscape shrubs, flowers, and turf. Best Management Practices The following are some best management practices for responding to water resource challenges during reduced water availability: - |
Deeply soak trees and shrubs only after they show initial signs of water stress, and apply water in the morning or evening during periods of low sun and heat, (between 9 pm and 9 am) to prevent excessive evaporation. - Use a drip emitter, soaker hose, targeted bubbler, or other low-flow garden hose to direct water to the trees roots (not the trunk), and |
allow the water to slowly seep deep into the soil. A slow trickle is the most effective method for absorption. Watering bags provide an excellent mechanism for ensuring a slow drip which infiltrates into the soil. Watering with a hose at high speed usually results in run-off and rapid evaporation, and encourages root growth near the surface, increasing the tree's susceptibility to water stress. |
- Cover bare soil with mulch to retain more soil moisture. Irrigation should be set so it wets the soil under the mulch, or irrigates long enough to thoroughly saturate the mulch area. - Fall planted trees and shrubs have demonstrated an increased ability to survive moderate moisture levels compared to those transplanted in the spring or summer. Planting Trees during a Drought Planting |
smaller trees [2 in. (5 cm) or less caliper for deciduous trees and 6 feet (1.8 m) or less height for evergreen trees] reduces the monetary investment and risk of planting during drought periods. Planting smaller trees allows the tree to establish more quickly than planting a larger tree and will require less maintenance over time. - Planting trees during times of drought and |
water restrictions should only be done with caution and if there is a persuasive need. An understanding of the risks and consideration of proper maintenance activities necessary to establish trees during these periods is crucial. - Plant trees to replace drought stressed and dead trees, which can help reduce the negative effects of drought on the landscape by lowering the heat and solar radiation |
reaching the soil. - Keeping trees in the landscape helps reduce soil erosion, by stabilizing soils and intercepting rainfall, significantly reduces storm water runoff, and shades landscapes and structures to help minimize water and energy use. - Factors to consider when planting trees and shrubs include soil conditions, available space above and below ground, exposure, moisture, and light requirements. - Select trees from species |
that are hardy to the region and fit well with the xeriscape principles of maintaining an attractive landscape with minimal water use. - Proper mulching and adherence to watering guidelines for trees and shrubs will help establish newly planted trees in times of drought. Why Plant Trees During a Drought? Planting trees and shrubs during drought can be risky. If watering restrictions are in |
place, establishing trees in a semi-arid region may be difficult enough without an extended drought to contend with. However, by eliminating all tree planting we are missing many opportunities to sustain our urban forest. It is critical to not only have a diverse set of species in the landscape but also a diversity of age among those species in the landscape. This means planting |
new and replacement trees each year, even during times of drought, to replace trees that will be lost to age, injury, and other causes. Carefully planting trees continues to maintain soil stability, reduce soil erosion, control and utilize storm water runoff, shade moisture-starved lawns and reduce energy usage by shading homes in summer and blocking winds in winter. A well-stocked urban forest also acts |
as an air filter and purifier, absorbing carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen to help provide cleaner air. LARGE DROUGHT TOLERANT TREES Scientific Name Common Name Acer leucoderme Chalkbark maple Acer platanoides Norway maple Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore maple Acer rubrum Red maple Acer x freemanii Freeman maple Alnus glutinosa Common alder Betula lenta Sweet birch Calocedrus decurrens Incense cedar Carpinus betulus European hornbeam Carya illinoensis |
Pecan Castanea sativa Spanish chestnut Catalpa speciosa Northern catalpa Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca' Blue atlas cedar Cedrus deodara Deodar cedar Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon Celtis laevigata Hackberry Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Cladrastis kentuckea Yellowwood Cryptomeria japonica Cryptomeria Cunninghamia lanceolata China fir Cupressus arizonica Arizona cypress Eucommia ulmoides Hardy rubber tree Fraxinus americana White ash (in non-EAB infested areas) Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash (in non-EAB infested |
areas) Ginkgo biloba (male) Ginkgo Gleditsia triacanthos Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos inermis Thornless honeylocust Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky coffeetree Ilex opaca American holly Juniperus saliciola Southern red cedar Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar Kalopanax pictus Castor-aralia Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia Metasequoia stroboscopes Dawn redwood Nyssa ogeche Ogeche gum Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Phellodendron amurense Amur cork tree Picea glauca Alberta spruce |
Picea pungens Colorado blue spruce Pinus bungeana Lacebark pine Pinus cembra Swiss stone pine Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine Pinus elliottii Slash pine Pinus flexilis Limber pine Pinus heldreichii Bosnian pine Pinus koraiensis Korean pine Pinus mugo Mugo pine Pinus nigra Austrian pine Pinus rigida Pitch pine Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine Pinus taeda Loblolly pine Pinus thunbergiana Japanese black pine Pinus virginiana Virginia pine Pinus |
wallichiana Himalayan pine Platanus acerifolia London plane tree Pyrus calleryana cvs. Cleveland, Aristocrat, Capital, New Bradford, Redspire, Quercus acutissima Sawtooth oak Quercus alba White oak Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak Quercus falcata Southern red oak Quercus hemisphaerica Darlington oak Quercus imbricaria Shingle oak Quercus lyrata Overcup oak Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak Quercus nigra Water oak Quercus nuttalii Nuttall oak Quercus |
palustris Pin oak Quercus phellos Willow oak Quercus prinus Chestnut oak Quercus rubra Red oak Quercus shumardii Shumard oak Quercus stellata Post oak Quercus virginiana Live oak Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust Sassafras albidum Sassafras Taxodium ascendens Pond cypress Taxodium distichum Baldcypress Tilia americana American linden Tilia cordata Littleleaf linden Tilia tomentosa Silver linden Ulmus alata Winged elm Ulmus americana cvs. Liberty, Valley Forge Ulmus |
parvifolia Lacebark elm Zelkova serrata Zelkova SMALL DROUGHT TOLERANT TREES Scientific Name Common Name Acer barbatum Southern sugar maple (A. saccharum ssp. floridanum) Acer buergeranum Trident maple Acer campestre Hedge maple Acer ginnala Amur maple Acer leucoderme Whitebark maple, calk maple Acer negundo Boxelder Acer truncatum Purple blow maple Aesculus californica California buckeye Aesculus pavia Red buckeye Albizia julibrissin Mimosa Alnus japonica Japanese alder |
Alnus serrulata Tag alder Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Carpinus betulus fastigiata Upright European hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam, Ironwood Carpinus japonica Japanese hornbeam Carpinus orientalis Oriental hornbeam Cercis canadensis Eastern redbud Cercis canadensis ssp retisus Oklahoma redbud Cercis canadensis ssp. texensis Texas redbud Cercis chinensis Chinese redbud Chionanthus retusus Chinese fringe tree Cornus mas Cornelian cherry dogwood Cotinus coggygria Smoketree Cotinus hybrids GraceCotinus obovatus |
American smoke tree Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Scarlet hawthorn, English hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington hawthorn Crataegus x lavallei Lavalle hawthorn Crataegus viridis Green hawthorn Cupressus sempervirens Italian cypress Cydonia sinensis Chinese quince Cupressus arizonica cvs. Arizona cypress Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Euscaphis japonica Korean sweetheart tree Heptacodium miconiodes Seven-son flower Hovenia dulcis Japanese raisin tree Ilex 'China Boy', 'China Girl' China holly |
Ilex cassine Dahoon holly Ilex cornuta cvs. Burfordii, D'Or, O' Spring Ilex decidua Possumhaw Ilex latifolia Lusterleaf holly Ilex pedunculosa Long stalk holly Ilex vomitoria Yaupon holly Ilex x 'Emily Bruner' Emily Bruner holly Ilex x 'Mary Nell' Mary Nell holly Ilex x 'Nellie R. Stevens' Nellie R. Stevens holly Ilex x attenuata Savannah, Foster, Sunny Foster, East Palatka Ilex x koehneana Koehne holly |
Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain juniper: Blue Haven, Skyrocket, Wichita Blue, Juniperus virginiana cvs. Blue Mountain, Hillii, Canaertii Juniperus chinensis Chinese juniper: Wintergreen, Spartan, Hooks Koelreuteria bipinnata Goldenraintree Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenraintree Lagerstroemia fauriei Japanese crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei Choctaw, Muskogee, Natchez, Tuscarora Lithocarpus henryi Henry tanbark oak Ilex vomitoria 'Pendula' Weeping yaupon holly Maackia amurensis Amur Maackia Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' |
Little Gem magnolia Magnolia hybrids Ann, Betty, Judy, Mary Nell, Galaxy Malus hybrids David, Harvest Gold, Indian Summer, CallawayMalus spp. Crabapple Morus australis 'Unryo' Contorted mulberry Ostrya virginiana American hophornbeam or ironwood Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Parrotia persica Persian ironwood Persea borbonia Redbay Photinia serrulata Chinese photinia Picea glauca (dwarf cultivars) Conica Picea pungens (dwarf cultivars) Bakeri, Fat Albert, Foxtail Pinus mugo Mugo pine Pinus |
nigra cvs. Arnold Sentinel, Monstrosa Pinus rigida Sherman Eddy Pinus strobus cvs. Pinus thunbergiana cvs. Pistacia chinensis Chinese pistache Poncirus trifoliata Hardy orangePtelea trifoliata Hop tree Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina buckthorn Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill palm Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' Tabletop Scotch elm Vitex agnus-castus Chastetree; vitex Ziziphus jujuba Common jujuba - Evans, Erv, "Drought Tolerant Trees", North Carolina State University, 2000. - |
Mann, Gordon, "Trees during a Drought", Archive #39 from Online Seminars for Municipal Arborists, July/August 2011. The test that follows contains 10 questions. Before taking the test be sure you have read the article. The passing grade is 80% on the entire test. A passing grade of this test may only be submitted once. All test scores are sent to the Seminars automatically when |
you press the last key at the end of the test and you have returned to the Seminars website. All passing test scores are then sent from Online Seminars to your society at the end of every month and they will appear on your certification record 4 to 6 weeks after that. Members of ISA may earn 0.5 CEU's for this topic. The CEU's |
may be applied toward Certified Arborist, Utility Specialist, Municipal Specialist, or BCMA science credits. Members of the SAF may earn 0.5 hour Cat. 1-CF credits for every 5 passed tests. Members with certifications from both ISA and SAF please be sure you add both of your cert. numbers when you sign in. California UFC members will receive credit for passing the test. Please add |
your CaUFC number after your ISA or SAF cert. number. ASCA members must submit your ISA certification record to the ASCA and receive credits one for one. MTOA members must follow the ISA instructions indicated above. To begin, click on TEST . |
As little as a few decades ago, pursuing higher education was not a necessary avenue for those seeking a fulfilling career that allowed them to live in comfort. The United States of America was a country that functioned largely as a manufacturing based economy. Some of the best jobs were |
union positions working in a factory and these did not require a college degree. Things are quite different now, however, and many of the higher paying jobs in the United States require a college degree as a prerequisite for employment. A study by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics |
titled "Education Pays" demonstrates the education premium as Bachelor's degree holders earn $20,600 more per year than high school graduates on average. The transition to a service based economy for the United States of America means that it is difficult to create a career without a college degree. This also |
leads to the question: what is a career and how is it different from a job? A job is done simply for the purpose of making money and does not provide significant prospects for future advancement opportunities. A career is a series of jobs held that transition into one another |
as you become more experienced and progress from one job to another. An online college degree allows you to start on the path to a successful career rather than work a job for a paycheck and nothing else. With the explosion of the Internet and its rising popularity, many businesses |
have become web-based. The education industry is no exception and there are many different online colleges to choose from. The first step to choosing an online college is to determine what major you wish to pursue. Once you know the major that you are interested in, you must find the |
online colleges that offer programs in that degree. Choosing from these online colleges involves a number of factors including tuition costs, college accreditation, and reviews. The first step to finding an online college is choosing a major but this can be a difficult prospect. In order to choose what to |
study, you need to take an inventory of your own personality and interests. If you are a person with an analytical mind frame who enjoys logic puzzles, perhaps a scientific discipline is for you. If you are creative and like writing, the social sciences are probably a good path to |
go down. The benefits of an education are clear and numerous. This does not mean, however, that an education is free. In a free market economy, a beneficial service must be paid for, and an online college education is no different. It is very important to realize the tuition and |
fees associated with the degree program you choose to pursue. Even though the government offers financial aid packages that allow you to attend online college through loans, you must consider the implications of paying back the loans. |
Nuts enhance heart health because of their unique protein, fat, sterol and vitamin profile: Learn More About Dr. Perricone's Superfoods: - Heart-healthy protein: Most nuts are high in arginine, an |
amino acid that reduces cholesterol levels and, as a precursor to nitric oxide, dilates blood vessels, thus reducing blood pressure and the risk of angina, congestive heart failure and heart |
attack. - Heart-healthy fats: Most of the fat in nuts consists of the polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 varieties that reduce blood cholesterol levels. Numerous clinical studies have found that almonds, |
hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachio nuts and walnuts all reduce total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in people with normal-to-high cholesterol levels. And, the fatty compounds in nuts' phytosterols inhibit accumulation |
of fats in artery walls, which promotes angina, strokes and heart attacks. - Heart-healthy vitamins: Vitamin E—an antioxidant in which almonds are especially rich—helps prevent the oxidation of cholesterol that |
leads to fatty buildup in the arteries. The B vitamin folate, found in many nuts, lowers high blood levels of homocysteine, a strong predictor of heart disease. - Heart-healthy minerals: |
Nuts and seeds are generally rich in calcium, magnesium and potassium, all of which serve to reduce blood pressure. - Heart-healthy phytochemicals: The coatings of all nuts and seeds—such as |
the thin brown papery layer coating almonds and peanuts—are rich in the antioxidant polyphenols associated with reduced risk of heart disease. (Processed nuts and seeds possess fewer of these antioxidants: |
Best Practices for Road Weather Management Version 2.0 Effects of Adverse Weather on Traffic Crashes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis It is reasonable to assume that adverse weather will impact vehicle crash rates on roads and highways. However, it would be very valuable to quantify the extent to which weather conditions impact the crash rate. To address this need, meta-analysis has |
been conducted to generalize research findings on this subject and attempt to quantify the impact of weather on traffic crashes. Studies between 1967 and 2005 that examined the interaction of weather and traffic safety were reviewed. Thirty-four papers and seventy-eight records that meet the predetermined criteria were included in the analysis. The crash rates from each study were normalized with |
respect to effect size or percent change for meta-analysis generalization. The results indicate that crash rate usually increases during precipitation. Snow has a greater effect than rain on crash occurrence: Snow can increase the crash rate by 84 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI] =0.68, 0.99), injury rate by 75 percent (95 percent CI = 0.54, 0.96). Further results also |
Paisley History, We are very fortunate to have had a rich and interesting history in our town, indeed the surrounding area has been at the heart of Scottish History for |
hundreds of years. Paisley is a large town situated 7 miles (11 km) W of Glasgow, and 53 miles (85 km) W of Edinburgh and is the largest town in |
Scotland. The town grew up around Oakshaw, on the west side of the White Cart river, where a Roman fort may have existed. Its growth in the early 19th century |
was primarily through textiles (printing, bleaching, cotton thread) and the name ‘Paisley’ was given to the Kashmiri pattern of curving shapes found on silk and cotton fabric. Notable buildings include |
the Paisley Town Hall (1879-82), Paisley Museum and Art Gallery, the Coats Observatory (1883), the John Neilson Institution (1849-52), Stanely Castle (15th century, in the Stanely Reservoir to the south |
of the town), the Sma’ Shot Cottages and St Mirin’s Roman Catholic Cathedral. If you have anything for the Paisley history section please use our contact page to send it |
in. The earliest records which mention the growing village on the river Cart call it Passelet, Passeleth, or Passelay. In the sixteenth century we find the name Paslay or Pasley. |
During the eighteenth century it took the form Paisley, as we know it today. What does it mean ? No one is quite sure. two popular suggestions are “moist pasture-land”, |
which certainly describes the countryside around Paisley, and “flat stones”, which could refer to the rock ledge at the Hammils. We have gone from a predominantly farming community to that |
of a weaving town serving the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh and though the farms around us are still very important we fear that the rich heritage left to us |
by the generations before should be fought hard for. The sections, accessed through the buttons on the right, will provide you with a good insight of what life was like |
in the by gone years. The Photo History will allow you to compare the town now with the town then while Rich History gives insight to the times when cars |
This is the localisation, language & ICT profile for Namibia. For the NA-L10n wikigroup, click on the flag. On this page/Sur cette page... (hide) All indigenous languages are given equal status (none have special status), but their possible use in various official capacities is recognized. Ethnologue lists 28 languages at |
have access to the Internet at school or work. Only 20.4% use Internet cafés." (Towards an African e-Index) "Only 51 out of 854 households responded to questions on the Internet and cyber café usage, implying that most households surveyed do not have a household member that uses the Internet. Information |
was collected for 4,163 household members from 854 households. Of these, only 3.9% (162 household members) have an email address. Of the 51 households that had at least one household member that uses the Internet, 72.5% lived in major urban, 27.5% in other urban and none in rural areas. Of |
the respondents that use the Internet, 71.4% have access to the Internet at school or work. Only 20.4% use Internet cafés." (Towards an African e-Index) "The main obstacle regarding Internet usage in rural areas is access to electricity and fixed line telephony, both of which are required for conventional Internet |
use." (Towards an African e-Index) The APC page, "ICT Policy in Namibia" has some information and links: "The main challenges faced in Namibia are to make ICTs cheaper and more accessible. Technologies to deliver always-on Internet access and telephony to even rural communities without connection to the electricity grid are |
readily available – Schoolnet operates such systems in rural Namibia, for example. What is lacking is an enabling policy environment that allows private initiatives to flourish and entrepreneurs to deliver ICT services to suit communities." (Towards an African e-Index) (See also specific language pages.) (See also specific language pages.) APC, |
Kids' Manners: Sharing "Everybody shares" is the motto in my house. When one child has a treat, the other child automatically gets some. I also repeat this phrase when my children are fighting over a toy. Then I find out who had the toy first. I never assume that the youngest child gets the toy because the older child should just deal with it. |
This is not playing fair. You can encourage the first child to hand over the toy in 10 minutes by using a timer. You can also get the children to figure out how they can both play with the toy: one child holds it while another child instructs what to do with it, like the "Simon Says" game. Then they switch roles. A third |
way to encourage sharing is to ask each child to choose his favorite toy and have a sibling "keep it safe" for a couple of days. This process builds trust and appreciation for each other while reducing material possessiveness. The children may refuse this idea at first. It helps to explain that each of them will get to keep a toy safe for the |
other. If the children still can't work out how to share, sometimes the toy has to be confiscated for a period of time. But this method is less effective than the others for encouraging sharing. Most children have so many other toys that a few missing ones aren't a big consequence. |
Ameloblastoma in Dogs Ameloblastoma, previously known as adamantinoma, is an uncommon neoplasm that affects the tooth structures in dogs. In most cases the mass is found to be benign in |
nature, but a rare, highly invasive malignant form is also recognized in some dogs. It may be present at any place within the dental arcade. As with many cancers, ameloblastoma |
mainly affects middle-aged or older dogs. Symptoms and Types Ameloblastoma is usually benign in nature and remains well localized. You may notice a firm and smooth mass covering the gingival |
space. The presence of a mass is usually enough to convince an owner to visit a veterinarian. The exact cause is still unknown. You will need to give a thorough |
history of your dog’s health and onset of symptoms. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination on your dog, with a detailed examination of the oral cavity, including the |
tumor mass. A complete blood profile will also be conducted, including a chemical blood profile, a complete blood count, and a urinalysis. In most cases the laboratory test results are |
within normal ranges and no abnormality related to this neoplasm is noticed. X-ray images of the skull will be helpful in estimating the penetration of the neoplasm within the bone |
structures. A computed tomography (CT) scan will give more refined results and will help in planning the treatment for your dog. Often a deep tissue biopsy will be conducted so |
that a sample of deeply penetrated neoplasm tissue can be examined. In this way your veterinarian can determine if the neoplasm is benign or malignant in nature. As with most |
benign neoplasm, surgical excision remains the treatment of choice for ameloblastoma. After a determination has been made of the size, location, and extent of penetration, your veterinarian will schedule a |
surgery to remove the entire mass. During surgery some margins of normal tissue are also removed to ensure complete excision of neoplasm. Alternatively, in some patients only radiation therapy is |
sufficient to completely resolve the problem, while in other patients both surgical excision and radiation therapy may be needed for a complete cure. Living and Management Most patients will regain |
normal health without any complications after surgical treatment. Follow your veterinarian’s guidelines after the initial care, including special diet recommendations, until your dog is fully recovered and has begun eating |
normally again. After treatment with surgery or radiation therapy, your veterinarian will schedule follow-up visits every three months for complete evaluation and progress checks. At each visit, your veterinarian will |
ensure that there is no re-growth of tumor. An in-depth examination of the properties of urine; used to determine the presence or absence of illness A treatment of certain neoplasms |
that is administered using an x ray The process of removing tissue to examine it, usually for medical reasons. Not being able to cause harm; the opposite of malignant. Something |
Chronic Hypertrophic Pyloric Gastropathy in Dogs Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, or pyloric stenosis, or, is the narrowing of the pyloric canal due to an overgrowth of muscles of the region. This region of the stomach connects with the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but it has been |
found to be either congenital (existing at birth) in nature or acquired later in life. Cases of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is found to be common in the boxer, Boston terrier, and bulldog. The acquired disease, on the othe hand, is more common in the Lhasa apso, shih tzu, Pekingese, and poodle. Males are also more predisposed to this disease |
than females. Symptoms and Types The severity of symptoms directly correlates to the extent of the pyloric canal's narrowing; these include chronic, intermittent vomiting (often several hours after eating), loss of appetite, and weight loss. Vomiting may contain undigested or partially digested food, and does not settle with the administration of drugs. The exact cause for chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy |
is still unknown, though it is believed to be either congenital (existing at birth) or acquired later in life. Risk factors that may play a role in influencing the disease process include: - Chronic stress - Chronic gastritis - Stomach ulcers - Chronic increase in gastrin (hormone that stimulate secretion of HCL in stomach) levels Your dog's veterinarian will take |
a detailed history from you and perform a complete physical examination and laboratory tests on the animal. The results of routine laboratory tests, including complete blood profile, biochemistry profile, and urinalysis, may be variable depending upon the underlying cause. In dogs with severe ulceration, for example, anemia may be present. X-rays, meanwhile, may reveal a distended stomach due to stenosis |
of the pyloric canal. For more detailed results, your veterinarian may perform a gastrointestinal barium contrast study, in which barium sulfate is given orally to help highlight the location and extent of the narrowing on X-rays. Another technique called fluoroscopy is sometimes employed. This imaging technique obtains real-time moving images of internal structures of the dog on camera with the |
use of a fluoroscope. The veterinarian may also employ endoscopy for detailed evaulation, in which he or she will look directly into the stomach and duodenum using an endoscope, a rigid or flexible tube that is inserted into the stomach and duodenum to visually inspect and take pictures of the region. Abdominal ultrasonography may also help in identifying the narrowing |
of the pyloric canal. Treatment depends upon the severity of the problem. After reaching a diagnosis, your veterinarian will decide the treatment, including surgery if required. Surgery is most commonly employed to correct the pyloric canal narrowing. Fluid therapy, meanwhile, is used to stabilize a dehydrated animal due to chronic vomiting. Living and Management Proper nutrition (highly digestible, low fat |
diet) and activity restrictions will be instilled by the veterinarian, especially when the dog has undergone surgery. If recurrence of the defect should occur, a more aggressive surgical intervention will be required. Overall prognosis after surgery is excellent and most animals respond well. However, in the case of neoplasia, prognosis is not good. The prediction of a disease’s outcome in |
advance The act of making an opening narrower. An in-depth examination of the properties of urine; used to determine the presence or absence of illness The digestive tract containing the stomach and intestine A type of instrument that is used to look inside the body Commonly referred to simply as barium, may be used as a material for contrast injections. |
The first part of the small intestine; can be found between the pylorus and the jejunum A condition of the blood in which normal red blood cell counts or hemoglobin are lacking. A medical condition in which the stomach becomes inflamed |
Inflammation of the Eye in Dogs Red eye causes the dog's eye to become inflammed and, well, red. This inflammation may be due to various factors, including excess blood in the eyelids (hyperemia) or in the eye's blood vessels (ocular |
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