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250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
ppl help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness [what is a collective]
negative state relief model
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
presence of others inhibits of helping [what is a collective]
bystander effect
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
the state in which ppl mistakenly believe that their own feelings are different from those of others, even when everyone's behavior in the same [what is a collective]
pluralistic ignorance
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need [what is a collective]
diffusion of responsibility
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers (ppl feel embarrased in a social setting) [what is a collective]
audience inhibition
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
effect whereby a good mood increases behavior [what is a collective]
good mood effect
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
general rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval and disapproval (standards of approved or disapproved behavior) [what is a collective]
social norm
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
moral standard emphasizing that people should help those who need assistance [what is a collective]
norm of social responsibility
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
250f0086_ird_test_Flashcards___Cram_com__what_is_a_collective
theory that reactions to receiving assistance depend on whether help is perceived as supportive or threatening (receiving help is self supportive,-they feel appreciated and cared for, but self-threatened when teh recipeint feels inferior and overly dependent [what is a collective]
threat-to-self-esteem model
[]
ps261 third test Flashcards - Cram.com
what is a collective
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ps261-third-test-784341
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00268-ip-10-236-191-2_382363396_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] anatomy [2]
the science of the structure of living organisms
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] physiology [2]
the science of the functioning of living organisms
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] anatomical position [2]
the erect position of the body with the face directed forward, arms at the side, palms face up
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] metabolism [2]
the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] organelle [2]
specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] dorsal [2]
pertaining to the back; posterior
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] ventral [2]
anterior or front
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] superior [2]
body part that is located above another
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] anterior [2]
the front of an organism, organ, or part; the ventral surface
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] posterior [2]
located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure.
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] histology [2]
the branch of anatomy dealing with the microscopic structure of tissues
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] sagittal plane [2]
a longitudinal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right or left portions
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] transverse plane [2]
plane that divides the body or its parts into superior and inferior portions; also called a cross section
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] coronal plane [2]
a longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] distal [2]
farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] proximal [2]
toward the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure.
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] lateral [2]
away from the midline of the body
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] medial [2]
toward the midline of the body
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] pathology [2]
the scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development and consequences
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] homeostasis [2]
a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
adbba488_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] inferior [2]
the point lowest on the body Ex The belly button is inferior to the nose
[]
Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anatomy-371107
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00157-ip-10-236-191-2_384481561_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
word gets more negative connotation over time silly (used to mean blessed) [amelioration]
pejoration
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
already existing alternation of some pattern extends to new forms which did not formerly undergo the alternation [amelioration]
analogical extension
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
reduces the number of allomorphs a form has makes paradigms more uniform [amelioration]
analogical leveling
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
anticipatory assimilation back vowel fronted front vowel raised [amelioration]
umlaut
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
loss of word-final segments [amelioration]
apocope
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
one sound causes another to be more similar to it [amelioration]
assimilation
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
boundary reanalysis unexpected directionality to fill a gap cherise was taken to mean English pl cherries, so cherry was formed [amelioration]
back formation
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
C1VC2, C2->0, V gets lengthened [amelioration]
compensatory lengthening
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
sound undergoes a change everywhere it appears in a language no condition on its placement in order to get the change [amelioration]
unconditioned change
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
sound becomes less like nearby sound [amelioration]
dissimilation
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
Sanskrit dissimilation 1st breathy C in a word becomes unaspirated [amelioration]
Grassmann's law
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
segment gets inserted in word, esp word-medially [amelioration]
epenthesis
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
epenthesis of a vowel [amelioration]
anaptyxis
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
epenthesis of a consonant [amelioration]
excresence
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
stops and frics and ends of words tend to devoice Dt. Auslautverhaertung [amelioration]
word-final devoicing
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
opposite of fusion from original sound, two sounds may develop Dt borrowing of Fr "ballon" (ballong) [amelioration]
fission (unpacking)
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
two original sounds may turn into one sound with some features of both [amelioration]
fusion
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
Germanic p>f b>p bh>b [amelioration]
Grimm's Law
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
syllable lost when next to very similar-sounding syllable [amelioration]
haplology
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
change associated with high social standing used incorrectly in an attempt to affect that standing He gave it to you and I. Up with it I will not put! [amelioration]
hypercorrection
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
semantic change based on similarity between the original concept named by a word and the target concept named by this word insult used literally to mean "jump on" saddle for saddle of mountain [amelioration]
metaphor
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
assimilatory change based on palatal place of articulation spreading [amelioration]
palatalization
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
two different phonemes become one phoneme one of the phonemes can be the same before and after the change r>r s>r now r doesn't exist: ethe > r s>r [amelioration]
phonemic merger
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
one phoneme becomes a different phoneme s>r [amelioration]
phonemic shift
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
inflected word of a particular category gets another instance of a semantically similar morpheme added on child (sg) childer (pl) > child+er+en (plpl) [amelioration]
reinforcement
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
lenition of [s] or [z] to r / V_V [amelioration]
rhotacism
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
loss of segment(s) word-medially [amelioration]
syncope
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
705796d2_idterm_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__amelioration
long-distance vowel-specific assimilatory process [amelioration]
vowel harmony
[]
Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com
amelioration
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/linguistics-130-midterm-1-880082
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_398137946_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
something of value one can't get without joining an organization [interest groups]
incentive
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
the social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations [interest groups]
solidary incentives
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
money or things values in monetary terms [interest groups]
material incentives
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
a benefit that comes from serving a cause or incentive [interest groups]
purposive incentive
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
political organizations that attract members by appealing to their political convinctions or principals [interest groups]
ideological interest groups
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
a political organization whose goals will principally benefit nonmembers [interest groups]
public-interest lobby
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
a widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order [interest groups]
social movement
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
a signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits into his or her own political views on party agenda [interest groups]
political cue
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
assessments of a representative's voting record on issues important to an interest group [interest groups]
ratings
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What are the three reasons why interest groups are common in the US? [interest groups]
1. More political cleavage means more greater variety of interests. 2. We have multiple officials to go to for our political interests 3. Interest groups have more power than political parties
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What are four factors that contribute to the birth of interest groups? [interest groups]
1. broad economic developments 2. government policies giving power to certain groups to make decisions about professional areas 3. need leadership and money (usually from young people) 4. More government activities = more groups
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How does the size of an interest group affect the issues they work for? [interest groups]
Small interest groups work on more issues because everyone is united in what they want done. Large issue groups work on less issues because there are so many people in the group and they want to prevent in-fighting.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What does it mean when America is called a "nation of joiners"? [interest groups]
Americans have a high tendency to join religious, civic, or political associations than any other country.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What are the three types of incentives to join an interest group? [interest groups]
Solidary, material, and purposive
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What is the special differences between the types of incentives to join an interest group? [interest groups]
Solidary- only works face to face, lure people in through chapters of a whole big organization Material- gives discounts and insurance to members, most members only join for that so they don't work Purposive- Passionate, small in numbers
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What do conservative interest groups do to get their goal across? [interest groups]
Research or sue until their rights are upheld or created.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What is the influence of the staff and in which type of incentive is it more powerful? [interest groups]
Interest groups reflect more what the staff thinks than the members. Material incentives
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How do social movements start up? [interest groups]
They are highly unpredictable but are sometimes triggered by scandals or actions of affluent people.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
The three kinds of feminist movements depend on the different incentives. Describe how they handle issues. [interest groups]
Solidary incentives- have to avoid group-tearing issues Purposive incentives- have to take strong issues with strong action, but can't control the local chapters Material incentives- not really said but it is important to note that they are funded by the government
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
When did Union Movements first occur? [interest groups]
During the Great Depression
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What are Union Movements like now? [interest groups]
Since the Great Depression, membership has declined. But they still survive because many people with incentives join.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How do interest groups receive funding? [interest groups]
Foundation Grants, Federal Grants & Contracts, Direct Mail
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How do interest groups receive funding through federal grants and contracts? [interest groups]
Government can't fund the group itself but they can fund the activities such as community service.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How do interest groups make direct mail appeal to recipients? [interest groups]
1. Put teasers on the front (such as a hero, like MLK) 2. Put the demon on the front (like a badly hated polititian) 3. Use a famous name endorsement 4. Personalize by addressing personally
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How do interest groups control information to politics? [interest groups]
They are the only ones with specific recent info pertaining to their agenda
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
When people who supply info are advantageous because they are the only ones with trusted information [interest groups]
Client Politics
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What is the basis of grassroot lobbying? [interest groups]
-Senators only deal with interest groups they like and vice versa -Groups have to take action to take the vote of an undecided -Embarass enemies
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How are grassroot politics viewed today? [interest groups]
Groups have been emphasizing grass root politics.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What is the least effective way to advance a cause? [interest groups]
Money
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
What are the reasons to make trouble in politics (exp: protests)? [interest groups]
1. Disrupt work so people will listen 2. Enlist third party help
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
Why do polititians hate trouble making in politics (exp: protests)? [interest groups]
It's a no win situation. If they address the situation, the opposing side will be angry, if they don't address the situation, they will be viewed as heartless.
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
How are interest groups not shot down? [interest groups]
Protected by the 1st amendment
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act [interest groups]
-must register group to Congress -submit financial reports -restrict direct contact with officials
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
40e79fe0_l_Chp_11_Flashcards___Cram_com__interest_groups
Current definition of a lobbyist [interest groups]
-spends 20% of time lobbying -paid at least $5000 to lobby for 6 months -corporations who spent $20,000 on lobbying for 6 months
[]
APGov/Pol Chp 11 Flashcards - Cram.com
interest groups
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/apgovpol-chp-11-970637
46/1438042988922.24_20150728002308-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_410091788_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
ASSENT (usually requires mutuality) BENEFIT conferred upon principal CONTROL of agent by principal DURING and within scope of agent's employment
Agency - Creation Creating an agency relationship is as easy as ABCD.
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
minimum contacts purposeful availment foreseeable defendant fair play and substantial justice relatedness of contact convenience state's interest
Civil Procedure - Personal Jurisdiction acrostic My Parents Frequently Forgot to Read Children's Stories
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
IDENTICAL PARTY ACTUALLY WAIVED NECESSARY IDENTICAL issue PARTY to the first proceeding (BUT mutuality considered) ACTUALLY litigated in first proceeding WAIVED assertion rights by failing to litigate in prior proceeding (with full and fair opportunity) NECESSARY to the outcome
Civil Procedure - elements of Collateral Estoppel if I PAWN something, I am precluded from taking issue if it gets sold.
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
PURPOSEFUL EVIDENCE LAW INITIATION CAUSE ALTERNATIVE NATURE STATE'S BURDEN FORESEEABILITY PURPOSEFUL availment - Hanson v. Denckla EVIDENCE – location of witnesses and evidence LAW - choice of law (forum shopping?) INITIATION - did D initiate contact with forum state? CAUSE of action - where did cause of action arise? ALTERNATIVE forum available? fair & convenient? NATURE & quality of activities - systematic vs. sporadic, direct vs. indirect, dangerous activity? STATE's interest in providing a forum for its residents and protecting health & safety concerns BURDEN of parties - economic cost, risk of multiplicity of suits, relative burden on defendant FORESEEABILITY - WW Volkswagen (likely they'd be “haled into court”)
Civil Procedure - Minimum Contacts, Fair Play & Substantial Justice minimal contact with PELICANS does not make you Best Friends
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
PLEADINGS INSUFFICIENCY CLAIM TRIABLE VENUE ALLEGATIONS LACK INDISPENSABLE DEFINITE motion for judgment on the PLEADINGS INSUFFICIENCY of process (motion to dismiss) failure to state a CLAIM (motion to dismiss) no TRIABLE issue of material fact exists as a matter of law (motion for summary judgment) improper VENUE (motion to transfer) ALLEGATIONS that are irrelevant, impertinent, scandalous (motion to strike) LACK of jurisdiction over subject matter or person (motion to dismiss) failure to join INDISPENSABLE party (motion to dismiss) motion for more DEFINITE statement of claim against defendant
Civil Procedure - Challenging The Complaint Defendant PICT VALID reasons to challenge the complaint.
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
DEFINABLE ECONOMY COMMONALITY ADEQUACY NUMEROSITY TYPICALITY 23(b) roughly DEFINABLE class of which P is a member judicial ECONOMY served claims have COMMON legal theory or arise out of same transaction or occurrence named parties must ADEQUATELY represent class potential Ps too NUMEROUS for joinder claim of named P must be TYPICAL of the class 23 B - action must fall within one of three categories of FRCP 23 (b)
Civil Procedure - Requirements for Certification of Class Action DECANT vintage 23(b) before you pour it into a class.
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
DEPOSITIONS ADMISSIONS DOCUMENTS INTERROGATORIES EXAMINATIONS SUBPOENAS depositions (written or oral) admissions of facts documents related to cause of action (if for good cause) interrogatories examination (mental or physical) subpoena (duces tecum)
Civil Procedure - Discovery Devices DADIES discover what you don't want them to know.
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json
da59187f__and_MEE_Flashcards___Cram_com__RRAL_Their_agent_s_activities_
MINIMUM contacts OPPORTUNITY PROPER service minimum contact with the state opportunity for defendant to be heard proper service of process upon defendant
Civil Procedure - basic jurisdictional requirements The due process clause requires you to MOP up before jurisdiction can be asserted
[]
Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com
Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bar-exam-mnemonics-and-acrostics-mbe-and-mee-984740
46/1438042986444.39_20150728002306-00233-ip-10-236-191-2_393658924_0.json