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79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
ileocecal valve (usually)
location of intussusception
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
intussusception
most common cause of bowel obstruction in young children
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
abrupt onset of abdominal pain blood in stool palpable RLQ
signs/symptoms of intussusception
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
adults with tumour, pedunculated polyps, or inflammatory mass causes nausea and vomiting
special case of intussusception
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
coiled spring CT: 3 concentric rings US: doughnut shape
radiographic appearance of intussusception
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
diverticulosis is mucosa herniating through the muscular layer diverticulitis is inflamed diverticula
differentiate between diverticulosis and diverticulitis
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
weak muscular wall low fibre diet constipation/straining low exercise
diverticulosis cause
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
retained fecal material
diverticulitis cause
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
very common over 60
diverticular disease age
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
(early) flatulence (middle) intermittent diarrhea or constipation (late) hemorrhoids, LLQ pain
early, middle, and late symptoms of diverticular disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
perforation abscess strictures suppuration
complications of diverticular disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
hemorrhoids carcinoma inflammatory bowel disease
symptoms similar to diverticular disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
outpouchings of colon wall
radiographic appearance of diverticular disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
anti-inflammatory drugs surgery diet (no seeds, nuts, popcorn)
treatment of diverticular disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
pedunculated sessile familial
types of polyp
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
pedunculated- ascending, transverse, rectosigmoid sessile- sigoid, rectum familial- throughout colon
location of polyps
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
rectal bleeding diarrhea constipation
symptoms of polyps
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
1) spread from other abdominal infections 2) rupture of GI tract 3) penetrating abdominal wound
causes of peritonitis
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
growth that projects from the mucosa of the colon into the lumen
define polyp
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
continuous abdomen pain tense, rigid abdomen vomiting fever
symptoms of peritonitis
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
abscesses adhesions that lead to obstruction toxic shock
complications of peritonitis
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
antibiotics early surgery late
treatment of peritonitis
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
good if localized poor if generalized
prognosis of peritonitis
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
colorectal
colon cancer locations
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
50-70
age of people who get colon cancer
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
ulcerative colitis familial polyps
causes of colon cancer
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
apple core sign progressive constriction of lumen
radiographic appearance of colon cancer
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
less red meat, fat, sugar, smoking more fibre, chicken, fish, fruits, vegetables
preventative measures against colon cancer
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
liver cancer
common site of secondary cancer to colon cancer
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
colon
second most common site for cancer
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
congenital absense of nerve ganglia in the proximal rectum that always involves the anal sphincter
define hirschsprungs disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
no bowel signs no passage of meconium abdominal distension
symptoms of hirschprungs disease from birth
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
abdominal distension constipation small stool
symptoms of hirschprungs disease in an infant
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
huge dilated colon with sudden narrowed segment of colon
radiographic appearance of hirschprungs disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
surgically remove narrowed segment (astamosis)
treatment of hirschprungs disease
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
congenital absence of normal communication between rectum and exterior of the body
define imperforate anus
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
embryological accident
cause of imperforate anus
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
ultrasound
modality of choice for imperforate anus
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
1) hold infant upside down for 5 minutes (air to tip of blind pouch) 2) 72" SID, AP, Lat with marker at anal opening 3) measure distance from pouch to opening
radiographic procedure for imperforate anus
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
79719b23_athology_Flashcards___Cram_com__dications_of_small_bowel_study
may have difficulties going to the bathroom
complications after surgery for imperforate anus
[]
Lower GI Pathology Flashcards - Cram.com
Indications of small bowel study
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lower-gi-pathology-3185188
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00041-ip-10-236-191-2_386744169_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] All the processes (ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, and elimination) involved in consuming and using food for energy, maintenance, and growth. [1]
Nutrition
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Taking food into the digestive tract, generally through the mouth. In special circumstances, occurs directly into the stomach through a feeding tube. [1]
Ingestion
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The mechanical and chemical processes that convert nutrients into a physically absorbable state. [1]
Digestion
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Mechanical digestion includes chewing (mastication) and deglutition (swallowing food), the peristaltic waves and mucus secretions that move the food down the esophagus. [1]
Mechanical Digestion
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The process whereby enzymes, gastic and intestinal juices, bile, and pancreatic juices change food into the individual nutrients that can be used by the body. [1]
Chemical Digestion
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Rhythmic, coordinated, serial contractions of the smooth muscles of the GI tract. [1]
Peristalsis
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] an acidic, semifluid paste [1]
Chyme
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The process whereby the end products of digestion (i.e., individual nutrients) pass through the epithelial membranes in the small and large intestines and into the blood. [1]
Absorption
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The conversion of nutrients into energy by the body. [1]
Metabolism
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The constructive process of metabolism wherein new molecules are synthesized and new tissues are formed, as in growth and repair. [1]
Anabolism
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the destructive process of metabolism, wherein tirrues or substances are broken into their component parts - releases energy. [1]
Catabolism
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] energy is produced through this process which is the chemical process of combining nutrients with oxygen. [1]
Oxidation
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the rate of energy utilization in the body - expressed in units called calories. [1]
Metabolic rate
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] One calories is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celcius. [1]
Calorie
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Kcal = 1000 calories [1]
Kilocalories
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the amount of energy needed to maintain essential physiologic functions when a person is at complete rest - the lowest level of energy expenditure. Most affected by body composition. T3 and T4 governs rate. [1]
Basal Metabolism
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the process of eliminating or removing waste products from the body. [1]
Excretion
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The body must have 6 types of nutrients to function efficiently and effectively: water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. [1]
Nutrients
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Build and maintain body tissues and regulate body processes. [1]
Organic Nutrients
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Provide a medium for the body's chemical reactions, transport materials, maintain body temperature, promote bone formation, and conduct nerve impulses. [1]
Inorganic Nutrients
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Iron is better absorbed when vitamin C is present and calcium absorption depends on the presence of vitamin D [1]
Intake changes in one nutrient may lead to functional changes in another
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] The most important nutrient - more vital than food. Virtually all body functions require water. A person may only live approx 10 days without water. 55-65% of an adult's weight is water, 70-75% of an infant's weight is water. Decreases with age. [1]
Water
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ICF - fluid within the cells [1]
Intracellular Fluid
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ECF - fluid outside the cells, inclufing plasma fluid, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid (fluid in tissue spaces around each cell, and GI fluids [1]
Extracellular Fluid
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] every 1000 kcal eaten [1]
1000 mL of water is needed to process _____
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] solvent, transporter, regulator of body temp, lubricant, component of all cells, hydrolysis [1]
Functions of Water
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] - liquids consumed, including water, coffee, juice, tea, milk, and soft drinks - foods consumed, especially vegetables and fruits - metabolism, which produces water when oxidization occurs [1]
Sources of Water
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] sensible, the person is aware of the loss - or - insensible, the person is not generally aware of the loss [1]
Water losses are classified as _____ or ______
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Urine, Feces, Perspiration, Respiration [1]
Four ways the body loses water
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] a deficiency of water [1]
Dehydration
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] an excessive accumulation of fluid in the body - when more water is taken in than is used and excreted - results in edema [1]
Positive water balance
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] hypothyroidism, congestive heart failure, hypoproteinemia, some infections and cancers, and some renal conditions [1]
causes of positive water balance
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - CHO - the chief source of energy for all body functions - the major food source b/c they are the least expensive and most abundant [1]
Carbohydrates
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] up to 50-60% an individual's kcal - about 250 g/day. [1]
Daily requirements of carbs
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
fcafa6d8_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the primary source of energy for the body - needed to oxidize fats completely and for synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids. [1]
functions of carbs
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
Define “spiritual development” and identify at least two differences between Fowler’s and Westerhoff’s theories of spiritual development.
Spiritual development refers to the process by which a person develops a relationship to the universe and finds meaning in his or her life. For Fowler, spiritual growth and development takes place in seven stages that must occur in sequence, and each stage develops from a combination of knowledge and values. For Westerhoff, however, spiritual development is a four-stage process that is heavily dependent on the practices of one’s family.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
Why is a life span approach to health problems important in the provision of comprehensive care?
A life span approach to health problems assists the nurse in planning specific interventions that can help a person and his or her family face both acute and chronic health problems. A life span approach can additionally help the nurse and the family plan and develop preventative strategies.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
In the assessment phase of the nursing process, what are some areas the nurse would consider to determine a client’s health status?
During the assessment phase, the nurse would want to consider such things as risk behaviors; health promotion activities; physical activity level; sexual behaviors and attitudes; family type and degree of family support; dental care habits; and environmental issues. The client should also be screened for tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; exposure to tuberculosis; and safe sex practices.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
In which phase of the nursing process would the nurse use established standards and protocols?
The use of established standards and protocols will help during the planning phase. For example, the American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Practice, state nurse practice acts, and the taxonomy of nursing interventions can all help move a patient toward the anticipated outcomes. Healthy People 2010 can also be used to identify outcomes.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
What type of health promotion information can be provided to all clients during the implementation phase of the nursing process?
Examples of health promotion information that can be provided to clients during the implementation phase include an examination of the impact of physical activity on health and the prevention of chronic conditions; a discussion of the dietary nutrients essential to healing and recovery; instruction regarding safety measures; education on menopause; and provision of information on breast and testicular self-exams.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
During which phase of the nursing process would the nurse be particularly concerned about continuity of care? Provide at least two examples of continuity of care.
Continuity of care is a central concern during the implementation phase. Common examples of ensuring continuity of care include such things as referring patients to visiting nurse associations for home health follow-up; teaching the family how to use adaptive utensils; referring a mother to the local Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program for post-discharge assistance; or reporting child abuse.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
d7911003_ronicity_Flashcards___Cram_com__to_walk__run__and_communicate_
The evaluation phase of the nursing process analyzes the effectiveness of the care provided and the client’s response to that care. What other area should be evaluated during this phase?
The final component of the evaluation phase looks at the patient’s response to the care provided by other team members. For instance, the nurse might note that a patient has increased his or her ability to use adaptive utensils after working with the occupational therapist. The nurse might also report that a child is eating more vegetables as he or she becomes more accustomed to them with an aide’s encouragement.
[]
Essentials of Nursing Care: Chronicity Flashcards - Cram.com
The term “growth” refers to physical changes. Growth can be quantifiably measured, and it includes such things as dentition, height, weight, and bone size. On the other hand, the term “development” refers to changes in behavior over time. Development is illustrated in such things as the abilities to walk, run, and communicate.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/essentials-of-nursing-care-chronicity-796788
44/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00202-ip-10-236-191-2_385411771_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Nutrition [2]
All the processes (ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, and elimination) involved in consuming and using food for energy, maintenance, and growth.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Ingestion [2]
Taking food into the digestive tract, generally through the mouth. In special circumstances, occurs directly into the stomach through a feeding tube.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Digestion [2]
The mechanical and chemical processes that convert nutrients into a physically absorbable state.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Mechanical Digestion [2]
Mechanical digestion includes chewing (mastication) and deglutition (swallowing food), the peristaltic waves and mucus secretions that move the food down the esophagus.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Chemical Digestion [2]
The process whereby enzymes, gastic and intestinal juices, bile, and pancreatic juices change food into the individual nutrients that can be used by the body.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Peristalsis [2]
Rhythmic, coordinated, serial contractions of the smooth muscles of the GI tract.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Chyme [2]
an acidic, semifluid paste
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Absorption [2]
The process whereby the end products of digestion (i.e., individual nutrients) pass through the epithelial membranes in the small and large intestines and into the blood.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Metabolism [2]
The conversion of nutrients into energy by the body.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Anabolism [2]
The constructive process of metabolism wherein new molecules are synthesized and new tissues are formed, as in growth and repair.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Catabolism [2]
the destructive process of metabolism, wherein tirrues or substances are broken into their component parts - releases energy.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Oxidation [2]
energy is produced through this process which is the chemical process of combining nutrients with oxygen.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Metabolic rate [2]
the rate of energy utilization in the body - expressed in units called calories.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Calorie [2]
One calories is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celcius.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Kilocalories [2]
Kcal = 1000 calories
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Basal Metabolism [2]
the amount of energy needed to maintain essential physiologic functions when a person is at complete rest - the lowest level of energy expenditure. Most affected by body composition. T3 and T4 governs rate.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Excretion [2]
the process of eliminating or removing waste products from the body.
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Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json
11338d47_utrition_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Nutrients [2]
The body must have 6 types of nutrients to function efficiently and effectively: water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
[]
Nutrition Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nutrition-2125244
44/1438042990445.44_20150728002310-00058-ip-10-236-191-2_382756246_0.json