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db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is accommodation (in the context of action potential propagation)? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Occurs when a cell membrane is held at a depolarized level such that threshold is passed without firing an action potential Occurs because depolarization closes the inactivation gates on the Na channels Accommodation is demonstrated in hyperkalemia, where skeletal muscle is depolarized by high serum K concentrations. T...
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is the neuromuscular junction? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
The synapse between the axons of motor neurons and skeletal muscle. The neurotransmitter, ACh, binds to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is the end plate potential in the postsynaptic membrane? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
The contents of one synaptic vesicle (1 quantum) produce a miniature end plate potential (MEPP), the smallest possible depolarization MEPPs summate to produce a full-fledged EPP, which is NOT an action but simply a depolarization (not to threshold) of the muscle end plate
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is a one-to-one synapse? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
A action in the presynaptic element (the motor nerve) produces an action in the postsynaptic element (the muscle) This type of synapse is found at the neuromuscular junction
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is a many-to-one synapse? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
An action in a single presynaptic cell cannot produce an action potential in the postsynaptic cell by itself Many cells synapse on the postsynaptic cell to depolarize it to threshold Presynaptic input may be excitatory or inhibitory
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
These are inputs that depolarize the postsynaptic cell and bring it closer to threshold They are caused by the opening of channels that are permeable to Na and K, similar to ACh channels They depolarize to a value about halfway between Ena and Ek
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
These are inputs that hyperpolarize the postsynaptic cell, moving it away from threshold They are caused by the opening of Cl channels, so the Em approaches Ecl
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is spatial summation of synapses? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Two excitatory inputs arrive at a postsynaptic neuron at the same time, and together they produce greater depolarization
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is temporal summation of synapses? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Two excitatory inputs arrive at a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession Because the resulting depolarizations overlap in time, they are added in a stepwise fashion
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is facilitation (in the context of the synapse)? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Also known as augmentation and post-tetanic potentiation This occurs after tetanic stimulation of the presynaptic neuron Depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron is greater than expected, because greater-than-normal amounts of neurotransmitter are released due to accumulation of Ca in the presynaptic terminal Long-ter...
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What defines a sarcomere? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
You count Z line to Z line
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What are T tubules? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
They are an extensive tubular network open to the extracellular space that carry depolarization from the sarcolemma to the cell interior. They are found at the junction of A and I bands, and contain a voltage-sensitive dehydropyridine receptor that undergoes a conformational change upon depolarization
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Internal tubular structure that stores and releases Ca for excitation-contraction coupling Terminal cisternae make contact with the T tubules in a triad Membrane has a Ca-ATPase that transports Ca into the SR Contains Ca loosely bound to calsequestrine Releases Ca into the cell interior through the ryanodine receptor
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What are isometric muscle contractions? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Contractions at a fixed length. The length (preload) is fixed, the muscle is stimulated to contract, and the developed tension is measured. There is no muscle shortening.
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What are isotonic muscle contractions? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
The load against which the muscle contracts (afterload) is fixed, the muscle is stimulated to contract, and shortening of the muscle is measured.
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is the length-tension relationship of muscle? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Measures tension during isometric contractions when the muscle is set to fixed lengths (preloads)
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is passive muscle tension? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
The tension developed by stretching the muscle to different lengths
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is total muscle tension? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
The tension developed when the muscle is stimulated to contract at different lengths
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is active muscle tension? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
The difference between total and passive tension, representing the active force developed from muscle contraction Active tension is proportional to the number of cross-bridges formed
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
db3c1ac9_YSIOLOGY_Flashcards___Cram_com__ZONULA_OCCLUDENS
What is the force-velocity relationship of muscle? [ZONULA OCCLUDENS]
Measures the velocity of shortening of isotonic contractions when the muscle is challenged with different afterloads The velocity of shortening decreases as the afterload increases
[]
TERMS CELL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards - Cram.com
ZONULA OCCLUDENS
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/terms-cell-physiology-2129618
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00032-ip-10-236-191-2_376706684_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Sources that are easy to identify and monitor
What is point-source pollution?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Pollution that has a poorly defined source, it is scattered and hard to monitor
What is non-point source pollution
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
False, pollution is not equally distributed
True or false: Pollution is equally distributed
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
1) Economic - To use our $ differently 2) Political - We can be vocal enough to change things and gain power 3) Media - We have the power to be vocal enough on the media to get certain messages across 4) Census - We can use the census to gain information about resources and learn about our minorities
In what ways are we empowered?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
It can cause breast cancer, miscarriages, infertility
What can the pesticide DBT do?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Carcinogens - Cancers Mutagens - DNA mutations Teratogens - Birth Defects Allergens Neurotoxins - Causes NS / brain damage Endocrine Disruptors - Interferes with hormones
What are the types of toxins?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Emissions - Pollution released into the air and falls to the water and the ground Runoff- Pollution on the ground or surface Leaching- Pollution soaking into ground water
What are the three types of pollution?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Hazard - it can and probably will happen. example: asbestos in schools Risk - there is a chance it will happen, it is voluntary.. example: putting children in sports
Whats the difference between hazard and risk?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Inhalation, inhaling pollutants is the quickest way into the body
What is the quickest "route of pollution"?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
1) Physical 2) Chemical 3) Biological 4) Cultural
What are the four types of hazards?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Chronic: effect is over a period of years Acute: life is in immediate danger
What is the difference between chronic and acute?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Something released by humans in large enough quantities to harm or effect people or the environment.
What defines "pollution"?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Absorption through the skin
What is the slowest "pollution route"?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Dose-response curve
What predicts the effects of higher doses and predicts toxicity for humans at various levels?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
It predicts the effects of higher doses and predicts toxicity for humans at various levels
What is the dose-response curve?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
Acute Mercury poisoning, over 12,000 people suffered.
What is Minamata Disease?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
It is estimating the short and long-term benefits and risks. 1) How important is the thing? For example, pesticides 2) How large is the population of the people that benefits from the pesticides? 3) Do the benefits outweigh the risks?
What is a risk-benefit analysis?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
1) Hazard Assessment - determines toxicity 2) Dose-response Assessment (How much?) 3) Exposure Assessment (How long?) 4) Risk characterization (How many are impacted?
What are the 4 parts of an Impact Assessment?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970e40a5_y_Test_3_Flashcards___Cram_com__mulation_and_biomagnification_
It determines toxicities of certain chemicals and toxins by testing on mice and rats and then plotted on a dose-response curve.
How is the dose-response assessment done?
[]
Ecology Test 3 Flashcards - Cram.com
What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ecology-test-3-1701825
38/1438042981969.11_20150728002301-00167-ip-10-236-191-2_372405755_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Capitation [2]
Health care providers are paid a fixed monthly fee for a range of services for each HMO member in their care
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Conglomerate [2]
A corporation of a number of different companies operating in a number of different fields
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Co-payment [2]
A medical expense that is a member's responsibility; usually a fixed amount
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Deductible [2]
A cost sharing arrangement in which the member pays a set amount toward covered services before the insurer begins to make any payments
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Fee-for-service [2]
Pays providers for each service performed
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Gatekeeper [2]
A term referring to HMO primary care providers responsible for referring members to specialists
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Liability [2]
The state of being liable, responsible, legally bound or obligated, as to make good on any loss or damage that occurs
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Opt-out-option [2]
Members or clients can seek treatment from providers outside the health care plan but pay more to do so
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Joint venture [2]
A type of business management where hospitals, physicians, and clinics form to offer client care
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Pluralistic [2]
Referring to numerous distinct ethnic, religious, and cultural groups that coexist in society
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Laws [2]
are societal rules or regulations that are advisable or obligatory to observe
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Ethics [2]
A set of moral standards and a code for behavior. A critical relflection about mortality and the rational analysys of it
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
970b405d_W_CH_1_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Bioethics [2]
Refers to the ethical implications of biomedical technology. Bio refers to life and issues in bioethics are often life and death issues
[]
MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mop-med-law-ch-1-2-1798024
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00141-ip-10-236-191-2_383547197_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
Investment decisions [Capital Budget]
Capital budgeting decisions
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
Investment decisions involving the acquisition of long-lived assets [Capital Budget]
Capital expenditure decisions
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the sum of the present values of all cash flows [Capital Budget]
Net present Value
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the minimum return that top management wants to earn on investments [Capital Budget]
Required Rate of Return
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
The rate of return that equates the present value of future cash flows to the investment outlay [Capital Budget]
Internal Rate of Return
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
The weighted average of the costs of debt and equity financing used to generate capital for investments. [Capital Budget]
Cost of Capital
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the tax savings resulting from depreciation [Capital Budget]
Depreciation Tax Shield
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the average after-tax income from a project divided by the average investment in the project [Capital Budget]
Accounting rate of return
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
The length of time it takes to recover the inital cost of an investment [Capital Budget]
Payback Period
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
formal documents that quantify a company's plan for achieving its goals [Capital Budget]
Budgets
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a set of budget relationships that can be adjusted to various activity levels [Capital Budget]
Flexible budget
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a budget with targets that are easy to achieve [Capital Budget]
Slack
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the group within a company that is responsible for approval of various budgets [Capital Budget]
Budget committee
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
only exceptional variences from the budget are investigated [Capital Budget]
Management by exception
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a budget that is not adjusted for the acual leval of production [Capital Budget]
Static budget
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
Differences between budgeted and actual amounts [Capital Budget]
Budget variences
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a comprehensive planning document that incorporates a number of individual budgets [Capital Budget]
Master Budget
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a method of budget preparation that requires budgeted amoundts to be justified by each period at the start of each budget period, even if the amounts were supported in prior budget periods. [Capital Budget]
Zero-based budgeting
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the cost that management believes should be incurred to produce a good or service under anticipated conditions [Capital Budget]
Standard cost
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the cost of a single unit [Capital Budget]
Budgeted cost
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
standard costs that take into account the possibility that a variety of circumstances may lead to costs that are greater than ideal [Capital Budget]
Attainable Standards
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
costing standards developed under the assumption that no obstacles to the production process will be encountered [Capital Budget]
Ideal Standards
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
analysis between the difference between a standard and an actual cost [Capital Budget]
Standard Cost Vairence
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
breaking down the difference between standard and actual cost into two components (material price material quality, labor rate and labor efficiency) [Capital Budget]
Variance Analysis
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
equal to the difference between the actual price per unit of material and the standard price per unit of the material times the actual quantity of material purchased [Capital Budget]
Material price variance
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
equal to the difference between the actual quantity of material used and the standard quantity of material allowed for the number of units produced times the standard price [Capital Budget]
Material quantity variance
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
equal to the difference between the actual wage rate and the standard wage rate times the actual number of labor hours worked [Capital Budget]
Labor rate variance
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
equal to the difference between the actual number of hours worked and the standard labor hours allowed for the number of units produced times the standard labor wage rate [Capital Budget]
Labor Efficiency Varience
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the difference between the actual amount of overhead and the amount of overhead that would be included in a flexible budget for the actual level of production [Capital Budget]
controllable overhead varience
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
equal to the difference between the amount of overhead included in the flexible budget and the amount of overhead applied to production using the standard overhead rate [Capital Budget]
overhead volume varience
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a firm that grants substantial decision-making authority to managers of sub units [Capital Budget]
Decentralized organizations
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
managers of subunits may pursue peronal goals that are incompatible with goals of the company as a whole [Capital Budget]
Lack of goal congruence
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a subunit (department, subsidiary, or a division) [Capital Budget]
Responsiblity centers
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a subunit that has responsibility for controlling costs but does not have responsiblity for generating revenue [Capital Budget]
Cost center
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a subunit that is responsible for generating revenue, controlling costs, and investing in assets [Capital Budget]
Investment Center
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a subunit that has responsibility for generating revenue as well as for controlling costs [Capital Budget]
Profit Center
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
evaluating the profitibility of each profit center relative to the profitiblity of other, similar profit centers [Capital Budget]
Relative performance evaluation
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the ratio of investment center income to invested capital [Capital Budget]
Return on investment
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
The ratio of income to sales [Capital Budget]
Profit margin
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the ratio of sales to invested capital [Capital Budget]
Investment turnover
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
investment center income [Capital Budget]
Net operating profit after taxes
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
current liabilities that do not require interest payments (accounts payable, income taxes payable, accrued liabilities, etc.) [Capital Budget]
Noninterest-bearing current liabilities
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the net operating profit after taxes of an investment center in excess of its required profit [Capital Budget]
Residual income
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
developed by stern stewart that accounts for accounting distortions that arise from following gaap [Capital Budget]
Economic value added
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a set of performance measures constructed for four dimensions of performance (financial, customer, and internal process perspectives and learning and growth) [Capital Budget]
Balanced Scorecard
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
a diagram of the relationships across the four dimenstions of a balanced scorecard [Capital Budget]
Strategy map
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
the price that is used to value internal transfers of goods or services [Capital Budget]
Transfer price
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json
38c1e0aa_ng_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Capital_Budget
analyzing the dollar value and percentage changes in financial statment amounts across time [Capital Budget]
Horizontal analysis
[]
Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com
Capital Budget
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/managerial-accounting-final-2177823
38/1438042991019.80_20150728002311-00150-ip-10-236-191-2_380564856_0.json