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70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell. [1] | anaphase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to divide. [1] | anchorage dependence | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in an animal cell undergoing mitosis. [1] | aster | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea. [1] | Bacteria | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of its origin. [1] | benign tumor | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A method of asexual reproduction by “division in half.” In prokaryotes, binary fission does not involve mitosis [1] | binary fission | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two [1] | cell cycle | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A cyclically operating set of molecules in the eukaryotic cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle [1] | cell cycle control system | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The reproduction of cells. [1] | cell division | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis. [1] | cell plate | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The specialized region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are most closely attached. [1] | centromere | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division [1] | centrosome | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle. [1] | checkpoint | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope. [1] | chromatin | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. (A bacterial chromosome usually consists of a single circular DNA molecule and associated proteins. It is found in the nucleoid region, which is n... | chromosome | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] (1) The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. (2) The succession of rapid cell divisions without significant growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells. [1] | cleavage | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell [1] | cleavage furrow | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle. [1] | cyclin | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin. [1] | cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. [1] | cytokinesis | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another. [1] | density-dependent inhibition | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 [1] | Down syndrome | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle. [1] | G0 phase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. [1] | G1 phase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. [1] | G2 phase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. [1] | gamete | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The genetic material of an organism or virus [1] | genome | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] (1) A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment (culture medium or animal body) for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells. (2) A local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. [1] | growth factor | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle. [1] | interphase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle. [1] | kinetochore | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs. [1] | malignant tumor | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate. [1] | metaphase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] An imaginary plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located. [1] | metaphase plate | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site. [1] | metastasis | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei. [1] | mitosis | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. [1] | mitotic (M) phase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis. [1] | mitotic spindle | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides. [1] | origin of replication | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. [1] | prometaphase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears, but the nucleus remains intact. [1] | prophase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The synthesis phase of the cell cycle [1] | S phase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Either of two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome [1] | sister chromatids | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg. [1] | somatic cell | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun. [1] | telophase | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
70b72825_ll_Cycle_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. [1] | transformation | [] | Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-12-the-cell-cycle-1719775 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00143-ip-10-236-191-2_399909032_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Why would genetic counseling be necessary? | To inform family to risk to other family members | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Single-gene genetic treatment is completely effective in ___ of patients. | 12% | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What makes treatment of genetic disease more successful? | If the basic biochemical defect is known | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | With regards to long-term treatment assessment, it is imporatant to remember that the absence of short-term side effects doesn't mean___ | absence of long-term side effects | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Optimal treatment of genetic diseases require ___ | a high degree of diagnostic precision (must know locus and class of allele) | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Many problems may _____ but require different treatments. | create the same disorder | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | This level of treatment is often the only therapy available and may the only treatment needed. | Therapy directed at clinical phenotype (may be medical or surgical) | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What are the 5 steps to approach treatment of metabolic abnormalities? | dietary restriction replacement diversion inhibition depletion | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Dietary restriction is ____ | highly effective but lifelong and difficult committment. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Most treatable genetic diseases involve ____ and are treated with ___ | 1. amino acid catabolic pathways 2. severe restriction of dietary protein | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What does the replacement stage of treatment of metabolic abnormaltiy involve | give the patient the item missing due to genetic disease. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | this stage of treatment of metabolic abnormalities uses enhancement of alternative metabolic pathways to reduce concentration of a harmful metabolite. | diversion | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What is inhibition with regards to treatment of metabolic abnormalities? | using pharmacological inhibition of enzymes to modify inborn metabolic errors. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | The best treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia? | inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis while diverting cholesterol | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | The direct removal of accumulated harmful products from the body is ____ | Depletion (tx metabolic abnormalities). | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What is an example of depletion when treating metabolic abnormalities? | draw blood to eliminate iron in patients with hemochromatosis (or polycythemia) | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What are the 4 basic true "genetic treatments" - | 1. treatment at the level of the protein 2. modulation of gene expression 3. modification of somatic genome by transplantation 4. gene therapy | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Functional incease to fixing structural abnormalities of affected proteins is an example of ____ | treatment at the level of the protein | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What is the only instance that treatment at the level of the protein can't really work with? | disorders where functional proteins are not being synthesized | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Treatment at the level of the protein involves enhancement of ___ | mutant protein function with small molecule therapy | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What does enhancement of mutant protein function with small molecule therapy include? | extra cofactors help impaired enzyme, may help fold proteins properly, allow translation to overcome early stop codons. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Protein augmentation treats at the level of the protein and involves: | 1. routine therapy for a few diseases 2. involves proteins whose main site of action is plasma or extracellular fluid 3. Example: infusion of factor VIII to enrich plasma and help hemophiliacs | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Enzyme replacement in the form of _____treats at teh level of the protein by replacing intracellular enzyme with extracellular version. | extracellular augmentation | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | An example of extracellular augmentation is? | Adenosine deaminase - purines replace and begin filling up in extracellular spaces so give this extracellular protein and block the growth of it. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Intracellular augmentaiton is used to treat ___- | 2 lysosomal storage diseases -1 lipid buildup - 1 glycolipid buildup | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What are the limitations to intracellular augmentation? | insufficient amounts of infused enzyme can cross blood brain barrier to treat brain forms of the disease , also very expensive | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | ___ is used to manage hereditary angioedema | increased gene expression | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What does increased gene expression involve (modulation of gene expression) | some therapeutic effects by boosting transcription of normal or mutant loci containing some function. (use drugs to alter gene expression) | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | With ___ normal gene compensates for effect of mutation at another locus. | increased gene expression from uneafected locus. (modualtion of gene expression) | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | ___ could be used in sickle cell or B-thalassemia for cure. | increased gene expression from unaffected locus | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | _____ reduces the expression of a dominant mutant gene product without altering normal allele production. | RNA Interference | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Modification of somatic genome by transplantation is a type of ___ | gene therapy | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | In ___, transplanted cells retain genotype of donor and lead to modifcation of somatic genome. | Modification by transplantation | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What are indications for use of genome transplantation? | Transplant cells or organs to introduce with copies of a gene into patient with mutations Used to compensate for organ damaged by genetic disease. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Describe stem-cell transplantation. | - stem cells can proliferate to form many differentiated cell types. - very controversial - could be used to replace cells missing or damaged by disease | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | during ____ - diploid nucleus is transferred from donor into oocyte. | nuclear transplantation | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Nuclear transplantation involves ___ | creating cloned embryo (therapeutic cloning), to treat monogenic and some complex disorders | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Somatic genome by transplantation may be controversial because of its use of ____ | human stem cells. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | ___ reconstitute blood system after bone marrow transplant. | Hematopoetic stem cells | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | ____ regenerate corneal epithelium | corneal stem cells. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Liver transplantation is useful for treatment of ____ | some metabolic liver diseases (>24 disorders; 70-85% 5 year survival | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What significant problems in the future are faced by genome transplantation? | mortality after transplantation is significant, morbidity is substantial Finite supply of organs | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What does gene therapy involve? | use of recombinant DNA technology to treat genetic disease. introduction of genes into cell and achieval of therapeutic effect. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What are the 8 requirements of gene therapy for inherited disorder. | 1. identify molecular defecit 2. must isolate functional copy of gene 3. must know the pathophysiology mechanism 4. favorable risk-benefit ratio 5. strong evidence of efficiency and saftey | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Adverse condiitons during intrauterine development can result in | environmentally induced congenital disorders. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What is teratology? | study of developmental anomalies | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Agents that cause congenital malformations such as radiation, chemicals, viral infections, etc. | Teratogens | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Susceptibility of environmentally induced factors depends on : | amount of exposure, stage of fetus at time of exposre. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | what are the two stages of fetal vulnerability? | 1- embryonic 2. fetal | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What causes fetal vulnerability? | early embryonic exposure (demage to cells damages cells, leaving the fetus vulterable. | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Teratogenic agents interfere with what? | cell proliferation, migration differentiation, | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | Infectious agents are mostly ___ | viral | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What is the best known infectious teratogenic agent? | Ruella | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What symptoms does rubella cause? | cataracts, deafness, heart defects | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
dd9c618b__disease_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_the_patient_and_their_family | What is the TORCH complex of infective disorders | List of alll the infective disorders | [] | Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com | to eliminate or ameliorate effects of teh disorder on the patient and their family | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/genetics-treatment-of-genetic-disease-2192567 | 6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00307-ip-10-236-191-2_387818823_0.json |
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