task
stringlengths
37
71
input
stringlengths
0
2.6k
output
stringlengths
1
4.09k
options
list
pageTitle
stringlengths
25
141
outputColName
stringlengths
1
1.03k
url
stringlengths
41
153
wdcFile
stringlengths
71
73
310113b3_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__Cataract
intranasal steroids [Cataract]
Rhinitis medicomentosa
[]
Clin Med exam 1 treatments Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
Cataract
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/clin-med-exam-1-treatments-861452
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00054-ip-10-236-191-2_375950659_0.json
310113b3_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com__Cataract
balloon tamponade [Cataract]
Epistaxis
[]
Clin Med exam 1 treatments Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
Cataract
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/clin-med-exam-1-treatments-861452
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00054-ip-10-236-191-2_375950659_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] types of cataract surgerys
extra-capsular: nucleus and cortex removed from capsule, leaving posterior capsule, peripheral part of the anterior capsule and the zonules intact intra-capsular: whole lens removal
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Phakia Aphakia Pseudophakia
Phakia: with natural crystalline lens Aphakia: w/o natural crystalline lens Pseudophakia: IOL implant following surgery
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what schematic eye model is used for a aphakic eye
Gullstrand's Simplified Schematic Eye
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] how do you treat aphakia with spectacles
high plus lens contact lens
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is ring scotoma? what does it treat?
edge of plus lens act as a prism object located in the shadowed areas are not seen used to treat aphakia with spectacles
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is the jack in the box phenomenon
associated with the ring scotoma 1. a patient turns head to see an object 2. object disappears in the peripheral of the ring scotoma 3. object then reappears once the image is in the visual area
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] spherical aberration effect of high plus lens
mag. of image is more at the peripheral than in the center of the lens due to prismatic effect object appears stretched out at the corners like a pin-cushion
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] presbyopia
a decline in accommodative ability that occurs normally with age and necessitates a plus lens addition to perform near task
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what to the 4 classification of presbyopia
incipient functional absolute premature
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] how does the lens change throughout lifetime
1. axial thickness of the lens increase with age 2. radius of curvature of the central anterior surface decreases with age
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] in clinic how much accommodation should the patient sustain on their own
up to half
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what are four ways to treat presbyopia
spectacle lens contact lens special IOL surgery
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what are some classical reasoning for presbyopia
crystalline lens hardening reducing the efficiency of the ciliary muscles crystalline lens gets larger throughout lifetime
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Isometropia
equal refractive errors between the two eyes
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Anisometropia
unequal refractive errors between the two eyes
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Antimetropia
one eye is myopic and one eye is hyperopic
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] when does Anisometropia occurs
developmental ocular surgeries (monocular cataract surgery)
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Aniseikonia
1. a difference in image sizes and/or shape seen by the two eyes 2. cause distortions of binocular space perception
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Asymmetric regression
if the patient is far-sighted to begin with, one eye may achieve the appropriate correction (or become myopic in that eye) while the other eye may regress back to hyperopia
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what percent difference can a human fuse an image
1-6% above 6% suppression of eye or diplopia
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] how do you calculate RELATIVE SPECTACLE MAGNIFICATION (RSM) for a distant object
RSM = corrected image size (ametropic eye)/image size of the emmetropic eye
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Knapps Law
A spectacle lens placed at the anterior focal point of any axial ametrope (myope or hyperope) will produce retinal images of the same size.
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Clinical Corollaries of Knapp’s Law: To reduce interocular differences in retinal image size
1) If a patient has an axial anisometropia, correct the patient with spectacle lenses. (AS) 2) If a patient has a refractive anisometropia, correct the patient with contact lenses. (RK)
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] AXIAL ametropia correction with SPECTACLES, what is the relationship between SM and RSM for myopes and hyperopes
Hyperope SM > 1.0; RSM = 1.0 Myope SM <1.0; RSM =1.0
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] AXIAL ametropia correction with CONTACT LENSES, what is the relationship between SM and RSM for myopes and hyperopes
Hyperope SM = 1.0; RSM < 1.0 Myope SM =1.0; RSM >1.0
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] REFRACTIVE ametropia correction with CONTACT LENSES, what is the relationship between SM and RSM for myopes and hyperopes
Hyperope SM = RSM = 1.0 Myope SM = RSM = 1.0
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] REFRACTIVE ametropia correction with SPECTACLES, what is the relationship between SM and RSM for myopes and hyperopes
Hyperope SM = RSM > 1.0 Myope SM = RSM < 1.0
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Accommodation
the ability of the eye to change its refractive power by altering the shape of its crystalline lens to bring objects of interest at different distances into focus.
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what happens anatomically in the UNACCOMMODATED eye
the ciliary muscle is relaxed, the suspensory zonules of Zinn is at its greatest tension, and the lens takes its flattest curves
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what happens anatomically in the ACCOMMODATED eye
a contraction of the ciliary muscle causes a release of resting zonular tension and a decrease in the lens equatorial diameter allowing the young lens to take a more convex form
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Spectacle Accommodation
Accommodative amplitude or demand is measured with respect to the spectacle plane (phoropter)
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Ocular Accommodation
Accommodative amplitude or demand is measured with respect to the eye’s principal plane
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Range of Accommodation
It is the linear distance between the far point and the near point of accommodation.
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what is Amplitude of Accommodation
the amount of accommodation exerted in diopter power to move the focus from the far point to the near point
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] what FOUR things happen to the lens during accommodation
1. Decrease radius of curvature, anterior surface decrease more than the posterior surface 2. Increase anterior-posterior thickness -- effective forward displacement of the whole lens; Decrease in equatorial diameter 3. May sink in direction of gravity 4. Increase in lens power causes a decrease in the eye’s focal leng...
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] how do you calculate accommodative amplitude
accommodative amplitude= (far point vergence) - (near point vergence)
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Incipient Presbyopia
earliest stage at which symptoms or clinical findings document the near vision effects of the condition
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Functional Presbyopia
When faced with gradually declining accommodative amplitude and continued near task demands, adult patients eventually report visual difficulties
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Absolute Presbyopia
the condition in which virtually no accommodative ability remains
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
3529f550_s_Test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__he_crystalline_lens_in_the_eye
[cataract] Premature Presbyopia
Accommodative ability becomes insufficient for the patient's usual near vision tasks at an earlier age than expected due to environmental, nutritional, disease- related, or drug-induced causes
[]
Visual Optics Test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
opacification of the crystalline lens in the eye
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/visual-optics-test-2-1671829
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00170-ip-10-236-191-2_385036897_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Management [1]
A process designed to achieve an organizations objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Managers [1]
Those individuals in organizations who make decisions about the use of resources and who are concerned with planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the organization's activities to reach its objectives
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Planning [1]
The process of determining the organizations objectives and deciding how to accomplish them; the first function of management
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Mission [1]
The statement of an organization's fundamental purpose and basic philosophy
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Strategic plans [1]
Those plans that establish the long-range objectives and overall strategy or course of action by which a firm fulfills its mission
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Tactical plans [1]
Short-range plans designed to implement the activities and objectives specified in the strategic plan
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Operational Plan [1]
Very short-term plans that specify what actions individuals, work groups, or departments need to accomplish in order to achieve the tactical plan and ultimately the strategic plan
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Crisis management or contingency planning [1]
An element in planning that deals with potential disasters such as product tampering, oil spills, fire, earthquake, computer virus, or airplane, crash, etc.
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Organizing [1]
The structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives in an efficient and effective manner
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Staffing [1]
The hiring of people to carry out the work of the organization
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Downsizing [1]
The elimination of a significant number of employees from an organization
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Directing [1]
Motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Controlling [1]
The process of evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Top managers [1]
The president and other top executives of a business, such as the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), and chief operations officer (COO), who have overal responsibility for the organization
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Middle Managers [1]
Those members of an organization responsible for the tactical planning that implements the general guidelines established by top management
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] First-Line Managers [1]
Those who supervise both workers and the daily operations of an organzation
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Financial Managers [1]
Those who focuse on obtaining needed funds for the successful operation of an organization and using those funds to further organizational goals
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Production and operations managers [1]
Those who develop and administer the activities involved in transforming resources into goods, services, and ideas ready for the marketplace
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Human resources managers [1]
Those who handle the staffing function and deal with employees in a formalized manner
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Marketing managers [1]
Those who are responsible for planning, pricing, and promoting products and making them available to customers
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Information Technology (IT) Managers [1]
Those who are responsible for implementing, maintaining, and controlling technology applications in business, such as computer networks.
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Administrative Managers [1]
Those who manage an entire business or a major segment of a business; they are not specialists but coordinate the activities of specialized managers
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Leadership [1]
The ability to influence employees to work toward organizational goals
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Technical Expertise [1]
The specialized knowledge and training needed to perform jobs that are related to particular areas of management
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Conceptual Skills [1]
The ability to think in abstract terms and to see how parts fit together to form the whole
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Analytical Skills [1]
The ability to identify relevant issues, recognize their importance, understand the relationships between them, and perceive the underlying causes of a situtation
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Human relations skills [1]
The ability to deal with people, both inside and outside the organization
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] -Leadership -Techincal expertise -Conceptual skills -Analytical skills -Human-relations skills [1]
Skills of a successful manager
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] 1. Recognize and define the decision situation 2. Develop options 3. Analyze options 4. Select the best option 5. Implement the decision 6. Monitor the consequences [1]
Steps in the decision-making process
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Agenda [1]
A calender containing both specific and vague items, that covers short-term goals and long-term objectives
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
64db62f3_hapter_7_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Networking [1]
The bulding of relationships and sharing of information with colleagues who can help managers achieve the items on their agendas
[]
BUS 170 Chapter 7 Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bus-170-chapter-7-2112706
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00122-ip-10-236-191-2_380675878_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a concept that can be characterized by unchanging criteria: For instance, a triangle can be defined as a three sided figure. [basic level category]
classical concept
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
any word that refers to a color, e.g. magenta [basic level category]
color term
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a word composed of two or more free morphemes (e.g. blackboard, merry-go-round) [basic level category]
compound word
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a small subset of the vocabulary of a child, used very frequently [basic level category]
core group
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
from the Greek deiktikos (able to show); words that are used as linguistic pointers (e.g. here, there) also call deixis. [basic level category]
deictic terms
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a complex word made from a base morpheme to which various affixes have been assed: e.g. unhappiness is derived from happy by the addition of the affixes un- and -ness [basic level category]
derived word
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
children's ability to form an initial hypothesis about a word's meaning very quickly, after hearing it only once or twice; in depth learning requires multiple exposures to the word in many different contexts, however. [basic level category]
fast mapping
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
among colors, those that are the most typical, the reddest reds and bluest blues. [basic level category]
focal colors
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
an explanation of a word's origing that is not based on the actual historical record, but rather on common sense or custom: e.g. "It's called Friday because that's the day you eat fried fish" [basic level category]
folk etymology
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a word association in which the sub ject responds freely with the first word that comes to mind [basic level category]
free-word association
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
using words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning: e.g. "It's so clean in here," said of a messy dorm room [basic level category]
irony
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
knowledge about language: e.g. an understanding of what a word is and a consciousness of the sounds of language. the ability to think about language. [basic level category]
metalinguistic awareness
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
figure of speech in which one thing is called by the name of another to indicate the similarities between them: e.g. "This room is a pig pen" [basic level category]
metaphor
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a strategy followed by yound language learners, who assume that if they hear a new word in the presence of an object whose name they do not know, the word refers to that object. [basic level category]
novel name-nameless category principle
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
Onset refers to the initial consonant or group of consonants in a syllable, and rime refers to the remainder of the syllable. [basic level category]
onset and rime
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
concepts about how the world is organized that yound children have before they begin to learn language [basic level category]
ontological categories
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
pointing to referent; a technique used by mothers in teaching basic level categories e.g. that's your shoe. [basic level category]
ostension
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
used here to refer to a child's use of a word in a broader context than is permissible in the adult language: e.g. an infant may call all men Daddy. parents who call tigers kitty are also producing this. [basic level category]
overextension
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a speech sound that can signal a difference of meaning: two similar speech sounds p and b represent diff phonemes in English because there are pairs of words with diff meanings that have the same phonetic form, execept that one contains b where the other contains p: e.g. pet and bet [basic level category]
phoneme
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a form of metalinguistic knowledge that includes the ability to recognize the sounds of language and to talk about them. one of the basic skills that underlies literacy. [basic level category]
phonological awareness
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
an experimental design used with prelinguistic infants that tracks their eye movements when they are presented with verbal stimuli [basic level category]
preferential looking paradigm
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
children's assumption that no two words have the same meaning. Hence they assume that a new word will ot refer to something for which they already have a name [basic level category]
principle of contrast
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a cognitive bias shown by yound children, who typically avoid labeling anything at more than one level of generality; hence, they may refer to their pet as a dog, but not also as an animal [basic level category]
principle of mutual exclusitivity
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
rules or maxims. Basic tenets of a theory [basic level category]
principles
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
a concept that is characterized by a variab le set of criteria, unlike a classical concept. For instance bird is a probabilistic concept, because no criterion defines it exclusively: a creature need not fly or have a beak or feathers to qualify as a bird. [basic level category]
probabilistic concept
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
refereing to the regular forms of a language that are used in the formation of new words, regular plural endings, for instance. [basic level category]
productivity
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json
1aaafede_keyterms_Flashcards___Cram_com__basic_level_category
an instance of a category that best exemplifies it: e.g., a robin is a prototypeical member of the category bird, because it has all of the important defining features. [basic level category]
prototypes
[]
4380 exam 2 ch 4 keyterms Flashcards - Cram.com
basic level category
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/4380-exam-2-ch-4-keyterms-679875
29/1438042987628.47_20150728002307-00057-ip-10-236-191-2_399003266_0.json