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f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
When you click on a link in a Web page, what does the browser load...
the Web page that's specified in the href attribute
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
When you link to files in folders, where can the files be located...
files can be in: the same folder, or other folders
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
What path type should you use to point to local files on your Web site...
a relative path
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
What path type should you use to point to external files that are not on your Web site...
an absolute path
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
How do you link to a parent folder...
use the ".." characters
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
How do you separate directories in your path...
use the "/" character
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
What happens if your path to an image is incorrect...
you'll see a broken image on your Web page
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
Which character(s) must be avoided when choosing names foe files and folders for your Web site...
space(s)
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
Why would you invest time at the planning stage of a Web site to organize folders of content...
to avoid as much as possible having to change bunches of paths later as the site grows
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
f928cbf1_t_Points_Flashcards___Cram_com__u_would_use_the_anchor_element
How should you organise a Web site...
it's pretty much a personal preference
[]
HFHTML Ch02 Meet the "HT" in HTML: Going further with hypertext - Bullet Points Flashcards - Cram.com
you would use the anchor element
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/hfhtml-ch02-meet-the-ht-in-html-going-further-with-hypertext-bullet-points-631041
25/1438042989790.89_20150728002309-00226-ip-10-236-191-2_381575434_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] These are the protein catalysts that accelerate reactions, such as those in metabolic pathways, by reducing the initial energy (activation energy) necessary for them to proceed. [2]
Enzymes
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Does the enzyme change the equilibrium point of the reaction? [2]
No
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Does the enzyme change the rate at which the reaction is obtained? [2]
Yes
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Are enzymes consumed or changed as part of a reaction? [2]
No
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Are most enzyme reactions reversible? [2]
Yes
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Can a product synthesized by the enzyme also be decomposed by the same enzyme? [2]
Yes
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, is the activation energy higher or lower than an un-catalyzed reaction? [2]
Lower
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Of the two reactions (catalyzed and un-catalyzed) what is the overall change in free energy ( △G). [2]
Unchanged
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Are enzymes selective? [2]
Yes. They may catalyze only one reaction or a specific class of closely related reactions.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What enzyme selectively catalyzes the breakdown of Urea? [2]
Urease
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What enzyme selectively catalyzes the hydrolysis of specific types of peptide bonds, enabling it to catalyze the hydrolysis of more than one type of peptide? [2]
Chymotrypsin
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] The molecule on which the enzyme acts is called what? [2]
Substrate
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] This three-dimensional site is the area where the substrate fits and is held in a particular orientation forming what? [2]
Active site Enzyme-substrate complex
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What are the two models describing the enzyme-substrate complex? [2]
Lock & key Induced fit
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] This model holds that the spatial structure of an enzyme's active site is exactly complementary to the spatial structure of its substrate. [2]
lock (enzymes active site) and Key (substrate)
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] This model describes the active site of an enzyme as having some flexibility of shape. When an appropriate substrate comes in contact with the active site, the confirmation of the active site changes such that it surrounds the substrate creating a close fit. [2]
Induced fit hypothesis
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Which is the more widely accepted model of the two? [2]
Induced fit
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Many enzymes require these non-protein molecules to become catalytically active. [2]
Cofactors
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] True or false: These cofactors aid in binding the substrate to the enzyme or in stabilizing the enzyme in an active conformation [2]
True
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] An enzyme devoid of the necessary cofactors making it catalytically inactive is called what? [2]
Apoenzyme
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] An enzyme containing the necessary cofactors is called what? [2]
Holoenzyme
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Cofactors can be bound to their enzymes by what two means? [2]
Weak non-covalent interactions Strong covalent bonds
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Tightly bound cofactors are called what? [2]
Prosthetic groups
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Two important types of cofactors are called what? [2]
Metal cations Small organic groups (coenzymes)
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] True or false Most coenzymes can be synthesized by the body [2]
False They must be obtained by diet as vitamin derivatives.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] True or false The lack of a particular vitamin can impair the action of its corresponding enzyme and lead to disease. [2]
True
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Clinical Correlation: Thiamin is an important cofactor for several enzymes involved in cellular metabolism & nerve conduction. Thiamin deficiencies, often seen in alcoholics, results in the disease known as Wernicke-Korsokoff syndrome. [2]
In this disorder, patients suffer from a variety of neurological deficits, including delirium, balance problems and in severe cases, the inability to form new memories.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] True or false The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is related to the concentrations of both enzyme and the substrate and environmental variables such as temperature and pH. [2]
True
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] At highest concentrations of substrate, the reaction rate approaches what? At this point, increases in substrate concentration will no longer increase reaction rate. [2]
Maximum velocity or Vmax
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What model proposed in 1913, an enzyme-substrate complex , ES, is formed at rate k₁ from enzyme E and substrate S. The ES complex can dissociate into E and S at rate k₂, or form product P at rate k₃ [2]
Michaelis-Menton Model
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions tend to double for every _ ºC increase in temperature until their optimal temperature is reached. [2]
10ºC
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What is the optimal temperature for enzymes operating in the human body? [2]
37ºC
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What happens to enzymes at higher temperatures? [2]
They denature
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Can partially denatured enzymes sometimes regain their activity upon being cooled. [2]
Yes
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What is the maximal activity pH of many human enzymes? [2]
7.2 (the pH of most body fluids)
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What pH does pepsin work best in? [2]
pH of 2 because it works in the stomach.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Pancreatic enzymes work best around what pH? [2]
8.5`
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] An enzyme with two or more active sites and may be composed of more than one subunit is called what? [2]
Allosteric enzyme
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] True or false An allosteric enzyme oscillates between two configurations. [2]
True - An active state capable of catalyzing a reaction and an inactive state that can not.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What is the name of a molecule that binds with the enzyme other than a substrate? [2]
Regulator
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What are the two types of regulators. [2]
Allosteric inhibitors allosteric activators
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Which one prevents the enzyme from binding to its substrate by stabilizing the inactive conformation. [2]
Allosteric inhibitor
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Which one stabilizes the active configuration promoting the formation of enzyme substrate complexes. [2]
Allosteric activators
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] True or false One type of allosteric effect increases the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate. [2]
True Sometimes the binding of the regulator at the allosteric site, or the binding of the substrate at one of the enzyme's active sites, may stimulate the other active sites on the enzyme to bind more efficiently by increasing their affinity for the substrate.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What blood component is composed of four subunits, each with its own oxygen binding site; the binding of oxygen at one increases the affinity for the remaining three active sites [2]
Hemoglobin
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Can an enzyme's activity be regulated by one of the products it catalyzes. [2]
Yes
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What are the three interferences with enzymatic activity. [2]
Feedback inhibition Reversible inhibition Versible inhibition
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Product D is an inhibitor modulator for enzyme 1. Thus when the concentration of D reaches some level, virtually all enzyme 1 molecules are inhibited and production of B (and thus C & D) is halted. The process is sometimes reversible and instantaneous; as D levels decrease, enzyme 1 inhibition decreases , and A is ...
Feedback inhibition - This allows organisms to avoid overproduction of metabolites.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Reactions with weak enzyme-inhibitor complexes that dissociate easily are referred to as what? [2]
Reverse inhibition reactions
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What are the two different types of reverse inhibition reactions? [2]
Competitive inhibitors Non-competitive inhibitors
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Which one competes with the substrate directly by binding to the active site of the enzyme and are very similar in structure to the active substrate? [2]
Competitive inhibitors e.g. Melonate differs from succinate only in having an additional methyl group and is consequently recognized as succinate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Can the presence of competitive inhibitor molecules be overcome? [2]
Yes, by sufficiently high substrate concentrations.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Do non-competitive inhibitors interfere by binding on other sites on the enzyme? [2]
Yes, and cause a conformational change such that enzyme can no longer bind substrate at its active site.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Can the presence of non-competitive inhibitor molecules be overcome by increasing the substrate? [2]
No.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] In this type of inhibition permanent damage is done to the active site, either by tight, covalent bonding of the inhibitor to the enzyme or by denaturation of the 3D structure of the active site.m This prevents the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. [2]
Irreversible inhibition.
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What is an enzyme that is secreted in an inactive form & can be cleaved via physiological conditions to the active form of the enzyme. [2]
Zymogen
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] What are these three zymogen cleaved to in the digestive tract? Pepsinogen Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen [2]
Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrypsin
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
3944f1cd_Enzymes__Flashcards___Cram_com__2
[1] Clinical Correlate Methanol is enzymatically converted to toxic metabolites that can cause blindness and/or death. What can be IV administered as a treatment of choice to compete with the enzymes involved? [2]
Ethanol
[]
MCAT 2003 Biology (Enzymes) Flashcards - Cram.com
2
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/mcat-2003-biology-enzymes-328280
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00205-ip-10-236-191-2_383615045_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Heuristics
Mental shortcuts that help us to streamline our thinking and make sense of our world.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Representativeness
Heuristic that involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Base Rate
How common a characteristic or behaviour is in the general population.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Availability
Heuristic that involves estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Cognitive Biases
Systematic errors in thinking.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Hindsight Bias
Tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecast known outcomes.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Overconfidence
Tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Naturalistic Observation
Watching behavior in real-world settings.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] External Validity
Extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Internal Validity
Extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect infernces from a study.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Case Study
Research design that examines one person or a small number of people in depth, often over an extended time period.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Existence Proofs
Demonstrations that a given psychological phenomenon can occur.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Correlational Design
Research design that examines the extent to which two variables are association.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Scatterplot
Grouping of points ona two-dimensional graph in which each dot represents a single person's data.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Illusory Correlation
Perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Experiment
Research design characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Random Assignment
Randomly sorting participants into two groups.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Experimental Group
In an experiment, that group of participants that receives the manipulation.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Control Group
In an experiment, that group of participants that doesn't receive the manipulation.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Independent Variable
Variable that an experimenter manipulates.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Dependent Variable
Variable that an experimenter measures to see whether the manipulation has an effect.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Confound
Any differnce between the experimental and control groups other than the independent variable.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Meta-Analysis
Investigation of the consistency of patterns of results across large numbers of studies conducted in differnt laboratories.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] File Drawer Problem
Tendency for negative findings to remain unpublished.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Placebo Effect
Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Blind
Unaware of whether one is in the experimental or control group.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Nocebo Effect
Harm resulting from the mere expectation of harm.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Experimenter Expectancy Effect
Phenomenon in which researchers' hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of the study.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Double-Blind
When neither researchers nor participants are aware of who's in the experimental or control group.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Hawthorne Effect
Phenomenon in which participants' knowledge that they're being studied can affect their behavior.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Demand Characteristics
Cues that participants pick up from a study that allow them to generate guesses regarding the researcher's hypotheses.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json
8ead7deb_Methods__Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_underlying_thalamus_
[Prefrontal Lobotomy] Random Selection
Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate.
[]
PSY102 - Unit 2 (Research Methods) Flashcards - Cram.com
Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus.
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psy102-unit-2-research-methods-2084911
25/1438042987155.85_20150728002307-00160-ip-10-236-191-2_375283089_0.json