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c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] accommodation [1]
The automatic adjustment of an eye to focus on near objects.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) [1]
The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acetylcholine [1]
One of the most common neurotransmitters; functions by binding to receptors and altering the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific ions, either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the membrane.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acid [1]
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acid chyme [1]
A mixture of recently swallowed food and gastric juice.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acid precipitation [1]
Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acoelomate [1]
A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acrosomal reaction [1]
The discharge of a sperm's acrosome when the sperm approaches an egg.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] acrosome [1]
An organelle at the tip of a sperm cell that helps the sperm penetrate the egg.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] actin [1]
A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Actinistia [1]
The class of lobe-finned fishes.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Actinopterygii [1]
The class of ray-finned fishes.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] action potential [1]
A rapid change in the membrane potential of an excitable cell, caused by stimulus-triggered, selective opening and closing of voltage-sensitive gates in sodium and potassium ion channels.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] action spectrum [1]
A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] activation energy [1]
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] activator [1]
A transcription factor that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] active immunity [1]
Immunity conferred by recovering from an infectious disease.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] active site [1]
The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] active transport [1]
The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adaptations [1]
Inherited characteristics that enhance the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adaptive peak [1]
An equilibrium state in a population when the gene pool has allele frequencies that maximize the average fitness of a population's members.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adaptive radiation [1]
The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment, presenting a diversity of new opportunities and problems.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adenohypophysis [1]
Also called the anterior pituitary, it consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones directly into the blood.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adenylyl cyclase [1]
An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a chemical signal.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adhesion [1]
The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adrenal gland [1]
An endocrine gland located adjacent to the kidney in mammals; composed of two glandular portions: an outer cortex, which responds to endocrine signals in reacting to stress and effecting salt and water balance, and a central medulla, which responds to nervous inputs resulting from stress.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adrenal medulla [1]
The central portion of an adrenal gland, controlled by nerve signals, that secretes the fight-or-flight hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adrenocorticotropic hormone [1]
A peptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production and secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] adventitious [1]
Roots extending from stems and leaves above ground.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] aerobic [1]
Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] afferent arteriole [1]
The blood vessel supplying a nephron.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Afrotheria [1]
A branch of mammals that includes sloths, anteaters, and armadillos.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] age structure [1]
The relative number of individuals of each age in a population.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] agglutination [1]
An antibody-mediated immune response in which bacteria or viruses are clumped together, effectively neutralized, and opsonized.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] aggregate fruit [1]
A fruit such as a blackberry that develops from a single flower that has several carpels.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] agnathan [1]
A member of a jawless class of vertebrates represented today by the lampreys and hagfishes.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] agonistic behavior [1]
A type of behavior involving a contest of some kind that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or mates.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) [1]
The name of the late stages of HIV infection; defined by a specified reduction of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alcohol fermentation [1]
The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alcohols [1]
Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] aldehyde [1]
An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] aldosterone [1]
An adrenal hormone that acts on the distal tubules of the kidney to stimulate the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and the passive flow of water from the filtrate.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alga [1]
A photosynthetic, plantlike protist.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alimentary canal [1]
A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] allantois [1]
One of four extra-embryonic membranes; serves as a repository for the embryo's nitrogenous waste.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alleles [1]
Alternate versions of a gene.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] allometric growth [1]
The variation in the relative rates of growth of various parts of the body, which helps shape the organism.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] allopatric speciation [1]
A mode of speciation induced when the ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] allopolyploid [1]
A common type of polyploid species resulting from two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] all-or-none event [1]
An action that occurs either completely or not at all, such as the generation of an action potential by a neuron.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] allosteric site [1]
A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alpha helix [1]
A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alternation of generations [1]
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alternative RNA splicing [1]
A type of regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] altruism [1]
Behavior that reduces an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] altruistic behavior [1]
The aiding of another individual at one's own risk or expense.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Alveolata [1]
A protistan clade that includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and the ciliates. Alveolates have small membrane-bounded cavities called alveoli under their cell surfaces. The function of alveoli is unknown.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] alveolus [1]
(1) One of the deadend, multilobed air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs. (2) One of the milk-secreting sacs of epithelial tissue in the mammary glands.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amacrine cell [1]
Neurons of the retina that help integrate information before it is sent to the brain.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amine [1]
An organic compound with one or more amino groups.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amino acid [1]
An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amino group [1]
A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [1]
An enzyme that joins each amino acid to the correct tRNA.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] aminopeptidase [1]
An enzyme found within the small intestine that splits off one amino acid at a time, beginning at the opposite end of the polypeptide containing a free carboxyl group.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ammonia [1]
A small and very toxic nitrogenous waste produced by metabolism.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ammonites [1]
Shelled cephalopod animals that were the dominant invertebrate predators for millions of years ending with the mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amniocentesis [1]
A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amnion [1]
The innermost of four extraembryonic membranes; encloses a fluid-filled sac in which the embryo is suspended.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amniote [1]
A vertebrate possessing an amnion surrounding the embryo; reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amniotic egg [1]
A shelled, water-retaining egg that enables reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals to complete their life cycles on dry land.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amoeba [1]
A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amoebocyte [1]
An amoebalike cell that moves by pseudopodia, found in most animals; depending on the species, may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] Amphibia [1]
The vertebrate class of amphibians, represented by frogs, salamanders, and caecilians.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amphipathic molecule [1]
A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] amplification [1]
The strengthening of stimulus energy that is otherwise too weak to be carried into the nervous system.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anaerobic [1]
Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] anabolic pathway [1]
A metabolic pathway that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anaerobic respiration [1]
The use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] anagenesis [1]
A pattern of evolutionary change involving the transformation of an entire population, sometimes to a state different enough from the ancestral population to justify renaming it as a separate species; also called phyletic evolution.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] analogy [1]
The similarity of structure between two species that are not closely related; attributable to convergent evolution.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anaphase [1]
The fourth subphase of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] anaphylactic shock [1]
An acute, life-threatening, allergic response.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anapsids [1]
One of three groups of amniotes based on key differences between their skulls.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anatomically modern humans [1]
Fully modern humans.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anatomy [1]
The study of the structure of an organism.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] anchorage dependence [1]
The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] anchoring junctions [1]
Adhesive junctions that link cells together into tissues.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] androgens [1]
The principal male steroid hormones, such as testosterone, which stimulate the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] aneuploidy [1]
A chromosomal aberration in which certain chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] angiosperm [1]
A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] anhydrobiosis [1]
The ability to survive in a dormant state when an organism's habitat dries up. Also called cryptobiosis.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] animal pole [1]
The portion of the egg where the least yolk is concentrated. Opposite of vegetal pole.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] anion [1]
A negatively charged ion.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] annual [1]
A plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or growing season.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] antennae [1]
Sensory appendages found in uniramians and crustaceans.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] anterior pituitary [1]
Also called the adenohypophysis, it consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones directly into the blood.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] anterior [1]
Referring to the head end of a bilaterally symmetrical animal.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] anther [1]
The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, inside which pollen grains with male gametes form in the flower of an angiosperm.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] antheridium [1]
In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.
[]
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1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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[2] Anthocerophyta [1]
The phylum of hornworts, small herbaceous (non-woody) plants.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
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