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c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] carpel [1] | The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] carrier [1] | In human genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus, with one normal allele and one potentially harmful recessive allele. The heterozygote is phenotypically normal for the character determined by the gene but can pass on the harmful allele to offspring. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] carrying capacity [1] | The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cartilage [1] | A type of flexible connective tissue with an abundance of collagenous fibers embedded in chondrin. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Casparian strip [1] | A water-impermeable ring of wax around endodermal cells in plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the stele by way of cell walls. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] catabolic pathway [1] | A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] catabolite activator protein (CAP) [1] | In E. coli, a helper protein that stimulates gene expression by binding within the promoter region of an operon and enhancing the promoter's ability to associate with RNA polymerase. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] catalyst [1] | A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] catastrophism [1] | The hypothesis by Georges Cuvier that each boundary between strata corresponded in time to a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought, that had destroyed many of the species living there at that time. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] catecholamines [1] | A class of compounds, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, that are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cation [1] | An ion with a positive charge, produced by the loss of one or more electrons. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cation exchange [1] | A process in which positively charged minerals are made available to a plant when hydrogen ions in the soil displace mineral ions from the clay particles. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] CD4 [1] | A T cell surface protein, present on most helper T cells, CD4 binds to part of the class II MHC protein. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] CD8 [1] | A T cell surface protein that enhances the interaction between the antigen-presenting infected cell and a cytotoxic T cell. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cDNA library [1] | A limited gene library using complementary DNA. The library includes only the genes that were transcribed in the cells examined. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cecum [1] | A blind outpocket of a hollow organ such as an intestine. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell [1] | The simplest collection of matter that can live. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell adhesion molecules [1] | Glycoproteins that contribute to cell migration and stable tissue structure. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell body [1] | The part of a cell, such as a neuron, that houses the molecules. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell center [1] | A region in the cytoplasm near the nucleus from which microtubules originate and radiate. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell cycle [1] | An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed of the M, G1, S, and G2 phases. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell cycle control system [1] | A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell division [1] | The reproduction of cells. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell fractionation [1] | The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell lineage [1] | The ancestry of a cell. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell plate [1] | A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell wall [1] | A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists. In plant cells, the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, whereas the secondary cell wall is stronger and more rigid and is the pri... | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cell-mediated immunity [1] | The type of immunity that functions in defense against fungi, protists, bacteria, and viruses inside host cells and against tissue transplants, with highly specialized cells that circulate in the blood and lymphoid tissue. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cellular differentiation [1] | The structural and functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a multicellular organism's development; dependent on the control of gene expression. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cellular respiration [1] | The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cellular slime mold [1] | A type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid cells and multicellular reproductive bodies in its life cycle. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cellulose [1] | A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Celsius scale [1] | A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F 232) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] central canal [1] | The narrow cavity in the center of the spinal cord that is continuous with the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] central nervous system (CNS) [1] | In vertebrate animals, the brain and spinal cord. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] central vacuole [1] | A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] centriole [1] | A structure in an animal cell composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9 + 0 pattern. An animal cell usually has a pair of centrioles involved in cell division. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] centromere [1] | The centralized region joining two sister chromatids. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] centrosome [1] | Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cephalization [1] | An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment on the anterior end of the body. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cephalochordate [1] | A chordate without a backbone, represented by lancelets, tiny marine animals. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cerebellum [1] | Part of the vertebrate hindbrain (rhombencephalon) located dorsally; functions in unconscious coordination of movement and balance. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cerebral cortex [1] | The surface of the cerebrum; the largest and most complex part of the mammalian brain, containing sensory and motor nerve cell bodies of the cerebrum; the part of the vertebrate brain most changed through evolution. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cerebral hemisphere [1] | The right or left side of the vertebrate brain. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cerebrospinal fluid [1] | Blood-derived fluid that surrounds, protects, against infection, nourishes, and cushions the brain and spinal cord. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cerebrum [1] | The dorsal portion, composed of right and left hemispheres, of the vertebrate forebrain; the integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex functions of the central nervous system. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cervix [1] | The neck of the uterus, which opens into the vagina. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chaparral [1] | A scrubland biome of dense, spiny evergreen shrubs found at midlatitudes along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate offshore; characterized by mild, rainy winters and long, hot, dry summers. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chaperonin [1] | Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] character [1] | A heritable feature. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Charophyceans [1] | The green algal group that shares two ultrastructural features with land plants. They are considered to be the closest relatives of land plants. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] checkpoint [1] | A critical control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chelicerae [1] | Clawlike feeding appendages characteristic of the chelicerate group. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Chelicerata [1] | The animal phylum that includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, spiders, and an extinct group called the eurypterids. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chelicerates [1] | Members of the animal phylum that includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, spiders, and an extinct group called the eurypterids. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemical bond [1] | An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms; the bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemical energy [1] | Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules; a form of potential energy. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemical equilibrium [1] | In a reversible chemical reaction, the point at which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemical reaction [1] | A process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemically-gated ion channels [1] | Specialized ion channels that open or close in response to a chemical stimulus. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemiosmosis [1] | An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemoautotroph [1] | An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemoheterotroph [1] | An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemokine [1] | A group of about 50 different proteins secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells and monocytes. These molecules bind to receptors on many types of leukocytes and induce numerous changes central to inflammation. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chemoreceptor [1] | A receptor that transmits information about the total solute concentration in a solution or about individual kinds of molecules. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chiasma [1] | The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Chilopoda [1] | The animal class that includes centipedes. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chitin [1] | A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chlorophyll [1] | A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chlorophyll a [1] | A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chlorophyll b [1] | A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chloroplast [1] | An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] choanocyte [1] | A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has a collarlike ring that traps food particles around the base of its flagellum. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cholecystokinin (CCK) [1] | A hormone released from the walls of the duodenum in response to the presence of amino acids or fatty acids. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cholesterol [1] | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Chondrichthyes [1] | The vertebrate class of cartilaginous fishes, represented by sharks and their relatives. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chondrin [1] | A protein-carbohydrate complex secreted by chondrocytes; chondrin and collagen fibers form cartilage. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chondrocytes [1] | Cartilage cells. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chordate [1] | A member of a diverse phylum of animals that possess a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal gill slits; and a postanal tail as an embryo. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chorion [1] | The outermost of four extraembryonic membranes; contributes to the formation of the mammalian placenta. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chorionic villus sampling (CVS) [1] | A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing and analyzing a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] choroid [1] | A thin, pigmented inner layer of the vertebrate eye. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chromatin [1] | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chromista [1] | In some classification systems, a kingdom consisting of brown algae, golden algae, and diatoms. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chromosome [1] | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. See chromatin. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chromosome theory of inheritance [1] | A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chromosome walking [1] | A DNA mapping technique that begins with a gene or other sequence that has already been cloned, mapped, and sequenced and "walks" along the chromosomal DNA from that locus, producing a map of overlapping restriction fragments. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chylomicron [1] | Small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed with cholesterol and coated with special proteins. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chymotrypsin [1] | An enzyme found in the duodenum. It is specific for peptide bonds adjacent to certain amino acids. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] chytrid [1] | Mainly aquatic primitive fungi that form uniflagellated spores (zoospores). The chytrids and fungi are now thought to form a monophyletic branch of the eukaryotic tree. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] ciliate [1] | A type of protozoan that moves by means of cilia. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] ciliary body [1] | A portion of the vertebrate eye associated with the lens. It produces the clear, watery aqueous humor that fills the anterior cavity of the eye. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cilium [1] | A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] circadian rhythm [1] | A physiological cycle of about 24 hours that is present in all eukaryotic organisms and that persists even in the absence of external cues. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] clade [1] | Each evolutionary branch in a cladogram. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cladistics [1] | A taxonomic approach that classifies organisms according to the order in time at which branches arise along a phylogenetic tree, without considering the degree of morphological divergence. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cladogenesis [1] | A pattern of evolutionary change that produces biological diversity by budding one or more new species from a parent species that continues to exist; also called branching evolution. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] cladogram [1] | A dichotomous phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting a classification of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] class [1] | In classification, the taxonomic category above order. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] class Arachnida [1] | The animal group that includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites. | [] | Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037 | 34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json |
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