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f93094ae-4a43-5df3-bf52-6475c1db7aef | Whta is MOA of Ketamine? | Selective modulation of GABA receptors | Non-competitive antagonist binding to the phencyclidine recognition site on the NMDA receptor & acts on opioid receptors | Through binding to and activating alpha subunit receptors to cause sustained depolarization. | Inhibition of acetycholinesterase | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
57c945f5-a5b6-5789-b38d-2a3868a9b696 | Which of the non-barbituate agents has the lowest amount of protein binding & works on NMDA receptors? | Propofol | Ketamine | Etomidate | Thiopental | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
956cc563-f8d0-510d-85a2-e68f83bda3e0 | Which of the following is not at an increased risk for Malignant Hyperthermia? | Patient with Muscular Dystrophy | Patient who is immunosuppressed | Patient who had a heat stroke last year while playing outdoors | Patients whose mother has MH. | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d83f4f04-7112-52b1-aabf-3aff1610c7d4 | What is the incidence of Malignant hyperthermia in adults? | 1: 50,000 | 1: 100,000 | 1: 15,000 | 1: 250,000 | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c5a32c89-8287-5255-acc4-b9d1dc923564 | How much atropine would you give to a patient receiving 40mg Edrophoinium? | 0.28 mg | 0.56 mg | 0.8 mg | 4 mg | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
c9ee1620-6173-5c11-a23d-46d8bafac821 | What is an appropriate induction dose of propofol for a 50 yr old male who is 5’10” and weighs 80 kg? | 80 mg | 160 mg | 16 mg | 400 mg | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
92036d0d-450c-5217-8888-c187dcd43b69 | How do we prevent the muscarinic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors? | By delivering small doses calculated on patient weight | By pre-medication with an opioid | Through inactivation of acetylcholinesterase | By concurrently administering an anticholinergic drug | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1268fc00-0a07-5dd6-8b83-54e47164ac8f | Regaining 4/4 twitches after administration of a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant means that you no longer need to administer a reversal agent. | True | False | null | null | 2 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
cafaf1b2-4da2-5584-9095-dbfce49810b0 | When caring for children you should ALWAYS give the anticholinergic and the cholinesterase inhibitor together in one syringe. | True | False | null | null | 2 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
18847cbd-93de-5ec8-a131-46a33bb3362f | What would be an appropriate starting dose of dantrolene to give to a 2 yr old child weighing 14 kg? | 14 mg | 140 mg | 35 mg | 280 mg | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
edc0ab7f-94ff-5b29-91f9-9a8c04d4260c | You have a patient in the PACU who has been receiving morphine and is now itching from the pain medications. What might you give to help relieve the itching? | Ketamine 0.2 mg/kg | Propofol 10 mg | Etomidate 0.1 mg/kg | Propofol 50 mg | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
3c81ff92-3355-53f6-b206-72b609a79c84 | What is an appropriate intubating dose of Rocuronium? | 1-1.5 mg/kg | .08-0.1 mg/kg | 0.6-1.2 mg/kg | 0.15-0.2 mg/kg | 5 | C | 1 | 0.4-0.5 mg/kg | null | null | null | null |
13a99971-4bd2-50f4-96ff-5a8640694b04 | Propofol is metabolized extensively in the liver, as well as in the lungs and other sites. How will hepatic disease affect the half life of Propofol? | Effects can be prolonged | Decrease the half life | Contraindicated in liver disease | null | 3 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
f0ed30a0-b7b6-59b4-b975-e8b861df8f39 | What is the purpose of giving lidocaine prior to administration of propofol? | To make the propofol slightly more acidic | To prevent allergic reaction to egg lecithin | To prevent burning upon injection | To decrease ability of bacteria to grow in propofol | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7dd2c400-b856-57dd-9a83-5103c99fe427 | What is an appropriate dose of propofol sedation during a MAC case? | 25-100 mcg/kg/min | 1.5-2.5 mg/kg | 100-300 mcg/kg/min | 3-5 mg/kg | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ab770253-7ccb-5a6b-8bee-1bfc12a39611 | What is the mechanism of action of the cholinesterase inhibitors? | Attenuate the peripheral muscarinic effects of NMBA's. | Inhibition of the hydrolysis of acetylcholine resulting in greater availability at its sites of action | Through binding to and activating alpha subunit receptors to cause sustained depolarization. | Selective inhibition of GABA | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d96c6b91-08c3-5a61-a465-5c2a01707a24 | Which of the following muscle relaxants allows you to skip use of a reversal agent? | Mivacurium | Vecuronium | Pancuronium | Rocuronium | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
11f72922-24d4-56e6-81cb-4e71085ddef3 | When can your reversal agents be administered? | When you have 0/4 twitches | When you have at least 1 /4 twitches | You must have 4/4 twitches prior to administration | After your anesthetic agent has been turned off. | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
fbc50605-97e6-544e-9e95-bb0275117aff | Which opioid receptor causes dysphoria, miosis, diuresis & sedation? | Mu1 | Mu2 | Kappa | Delta | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
fc770dd3-3374-57f6-8386-a95eb0dd3487 | You are caring for Mr. X who is currently having a Left BKA. You notice his HR increasing and take a quick glance at his pupils to see they are normal size. His train of four is currently 0/4. What does this tell you? | He is too light, Increase the sevo. | Maybe he could use some more opioids, to relieve pain. | Maybe he could use some more paralytic. | He needs a little more midazolam, to calm him. | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
cc956756-d615-50b1-baf9-5bcd745c1821 | What is the onset of action for Morphine? | 2 hours | 30-60 seconds | 15-30 minutes | 5-10 minutes | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
550a41ef-c4ec-5982-ba46-d99717a70c23 | Which of the following effects is NOT associated with morphine. | Facial Redness | Stop Shivering | Hypotension | All of the above | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
96d1fbf1-1ce3-5831-ab9b-d3ebbf451d73 | Which of the opioids will NOT cause miosis? | Morphine | Fentanyl | Meperidine | Narcan | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b39f27f1-7405-5227-bf8c-a5cd5e405003 | Which opioid has the highest degree of lipid solubility? | Sufentanil | Remifentanil | Fentanyl | Morphine | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
568deac3-febe-5b30-a319-a83117511fcd | You are caring for Mrs. Tica who has a past history of A-fib, DM, pancreatitis & asthma. Which drug would you choose to relieve her pain? | Toradol | Morphine | Ethanol | Fentanyl | 4 | D | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
7c8ad3dd-3f5c-5741-998f-30d78eed62b9 | Why is remifentanil unique among the opioids? | Can be safely given to asthmatics and those on MAOI's | Does not cause miosis | Context sensitive half time independent of infusion time. | Most rapid onset with large Vd. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1d6b1166-5636-5e26-bee4-4b2eee990063 | Fentanyl has a much more rapid onset but a longer elimination half time than Morphine. Why? | Because of fentanyl high lipid solubility | Because fentanyl is highly protein bound | Because Morphine has a much high lipid solubility and thus is excreted more rapidly | Because morphine has a much larger Vd. | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
59b3690b-7c69-5c64-a46b-52c55f029abb | Which medication would you give to reliev post-op itching caused by Morphine? | Narcan 1-4 mcg/kg IV | Flumazenil, titrate by doses of 0.2 mg | Nubain 10-20 mg IV | Meperidine | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
9114db64-e294-5b5b-9abf-12cb74148b90 | Which of the following benzodiazepines is most commonly used during the preoperative period and for IV conscious sedation? | Diazepam | Lorazepam | Midazolam | Alprazolam | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3821c09a-0648-5ebe-a01b-362ecfb1c82c | Which adverse reaction is a patient most likely to experience after receiving general anesthesia? | Nauseau & Vomiting | Seizures | Cyanosis | Increased HR | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6d87489e-0f64-57fb-889e-42f24df8ad8a | What is responsible for the pain reaction elicited when diazepam is given IM? | Any IM injection is painful | Ethyl alcohol component | Propylene glycol component | Solubility component | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8473d9d5-042f-5114-a363-18c3254e80f7 | Which of the following is not one of the Five Principle pharmacological effects of Benzodiazepines? | Sedation | Anxiolysis | Retrograde Amnesia | Anticonvulsant | 5 | C | 1 | Spinal Cord mediated skeletal muscle relaxation | null | null | null | null |
773f100d-92cf-5148-9d9f-7db08f66a71f | While doing a pre-op assessment on an inpatient you find that the pt is currently taking Tagamet (cimetidine) and is on a Heparin regimen. With this knowledge you know to avoid which of the benzodiazepines? | Lorazepam | Diazepam | Midazolam | Thiopental | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
5015fb3b-f571-5df3-982f-815c8ca71784 | In regards to the adjustments of Benzodiazepines in respect to the elderly patient. Would you expect to have: | Significant increase in initial dose and anticipate marked decrease in duration of action | Modest decrease in initial dose and anticipate marked increase in duration of action | No change in dose or frequency or duration from that of an healthy 25 year old patient. | None of above | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
e8bca84d-bb57-50b0-a895-8a47ad7ca930 | The dose of Benzodiazepines required to reach a desired clinical end point is increased in the elderly compared to the younger patient. | True | False | null | null | 2 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
91f7b8e1-a099-5779-8339-fb4db0dc90cf | Benzodiazepines are extensively protein bound. Therefore, in the presence of renal failure their clinical effect will be: | Shortened | Prolonged | No significant change. | null | 3 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
9aa91ec0-5546-5e47-be41-0d2f736c5e85 | A drug that alters the physiology of a cell by binding to the plasma membrane or intracellular receptors is known as what? | Antagonist | Competitive Agonist | Competitive Antagonist | Agonist | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7f87ba2e-3a41-54ec-9e52-2d128a069d85 | What is an antagonist? | Inhibit or block responses caused by an agonist | A drug which alters the physiology of a cell by binding to plasma membrane or intracellular receptors | Biochemical messengers, often called 2ndmessengers | The strength of binding between drug and receptor | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
0ab33f4d-bf06-540e-9910-58879406e5e7 | What is the MOA of Benzos? | Blockade of chloride channels leading to depolarization and inhibition of neurotransmitter | Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity | Inhibition of GABA receptor binding which leads to degredation of GABA, preventing it from exerting it's effect. | Enhances the inhibitory effects of various neurotransmitter by facilitating GABA receptor binding. This opens chloride channels and causes hyperpolarization. | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
357a17e4-443e-5b3a-b277-41b6ef9b1d55 | All benzos share what similarities? | All are highly alkaline solutions | Composed of a benzene ring fused to a seven-membered diazepine ring | They are safe to be given during pregnancy | Composed of malonic acid and urea | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
89f05e21-88ce-59e5-afe9-e42a81706922 | How is midazolam unique in comparison to other benzos? | It is the only benzo safe to give to pregnant women. | Is known to cause pain upon injection, but has minimal respiratory depression | It is hydrophilic and becomes lipid soluble upon exposure to blood. | It is not highly protein bound like the other benzo's and thus more is available for use by the body. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
36d134d4-cf0b-5371-83b9-6af036a8e57e | Which of the following drugs will cause pain upon injection due to the solvent propylene glycol? | Lorazepam | Flumazenil | Midazolam | Diazepam | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8d12d7c2-228d-55b2-9010-23fd96675870 | What would be an appropirate Adult IV induction dose for midazolam? | 0.5 mg/kg | 0.1 mg/kg | 2-3 mg | 4 mg/kg | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c585f8b9-5484-5762-a307-1f20f611ab8b | What is the elimination half time of Midazolam? | 21-37 hours | 1-4 hours | 10-20 hours | 5-10 hours | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
747468b2-6765-577d-be37-dc14ca79a624 | What is the elimination half time of Diazepam? | 5-10 hours | 1-4 hours | 10-20 hours | 21-37 hours | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
76b8c0e9-d2e3-5a1d-b896-638d60ae3a56 | Describe the metabolism and excretion of the benzodiazepines? | Metabolized by liver and excreted in the urine | Metabolized in kidneys and excreted in feces | Metabolized by liver and excreted in feces | Metabolized in kidneys and excreted by urine | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a8198545-da9e-51f8-a90e-429be2f0d846 | What effects do benzodiazepines exert upon the cardiovascular system? | No effect on cardiovascular system, even at high doses. | Decrease BP & PVR, especially in hypovolemic pt | Decrease ABP, CO & HR | Increase HR and decrease SV | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d65ff90d-1ca6-5c2a-be33-f9c845008248 | Which of the following is not a cerebral effect of benzodiazepines? | Reduce CMRO2 & CBF | Increase the seizure threshold to prevent seizure | Anti-anxiety & sedative effects | Direct Analgesic Effects | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
25f2f4cf-b955-5b02-84e8-6e21554c9be3 | Where would you find benzodiazepine receptors? | Primarily on the postsynaptic nerve endings in the cerebral cortex | Pre-synaptic nerve endings in the brain stem and spinal cord. | Brain, spinal cord and peripheral tissue: pre-synaptic and post synaptic. | null | 3 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f64badad-21d4-5c13-8d5f-64485ab52f7c | What is a non-competitive antagonist? | A drug which alters the physiology of a cell by binding to plasma membrane or intracellular receptors | Binds to a site other than the agonist-binding domain | A drug which really hates playing sports, and instead takes a bunch of art classes. | A drug which inhibits a normal cellular function by competing with agonists for receptors | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
e8a0dd46-5175-5d80-8174-f3be61fc1512 | What drug would you choose to treat a pt with a benzodiazepine overdose? | Flumazenil, slow titration of 0.2 mg doses IV | Narcan, slow titration of 1-4mcg/kg | Flurazepam 15-30 mg | Just wait it out. | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
0c01de2d-2e67-5485-9ebd-dca92118b4d9 | Which benzo would be used to treat panic attacks? | Lorazepam | Alprazolam | Flurazepam | Diazepam | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
9cf178f3-0b10-5f0b-a906-1885eb2a307c | How much oral midazolam would you give to a child weighing 40 kg? | 40 mg | 4 mg | 20 mg | 60 mg | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
0e69aae9-08e5-5bf8-9c2a-ef8f34193ffe | You are holding a room temperature bottle of thiopental that was mixed 5 days ago. Can you still use it? | Yes, still good! | Nope, it is only stable for 2 days | If it had been refrigerated it would be good, but now it is not. Don't use. | null | 3 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d2ed33c8-8b86-5998-9fb3-fabbe409b76a | A Barbituate with a sulfur atom on the #2 carbon is called a... | Thiobarbituates | Oxybarbituates | Pentabarbituate | Sulbarbituates | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
296a5893-d98e-58c3-83ed-bdca13329b49 | What is the MOA of barbituates? | Act at stereospecific receptors at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the central nervous system– brain(periaqueductal gray, amygdala, corpus striam, and hypothalmus) and spinal cord(substanstantia geltinosa) and in the peripheral tissues. | Depression of the reticulcar activating system, suppression of excitatory neurotranmitters and enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmitters. | Receptor binding enhances the inhibitory effects of various neurotransmitter by facilitating GABA receptor binding. This opens chloride gating channels, producing hyperpolarization of post synaptic cell membranes and rendering post synaptic neurons more resistant to excitation. | null | 3 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ef347e06-8405-5d91-86a6-d02a77c7c235 | Duration of action of highly lipid soluble barbituates is determined by... | Hepatic Oxidation | Lipid Solubility | Renal Excretion | Redistribution | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ff127121-6c5f-5f20-88cf-470aed6df2d0 | The elimination half time of Methohexital is ~4 hours. | True | False | null | null | 2 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
55eaaf89-b6e2-53c4-a345-a270ebfa034d | What is responsible for the quick awakening associated with a single dose of thiopental? | Rapid hepatic oxidation | Rapid renal excretion | Redistribution | Patient respiratory rate | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b4abb820-f0d8-597b-b326-750b651f8daf | Unlike the benzo's, Barbituates are known to increase CBF and ICP. | True | False | null | null | 2 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
92280ffb-4481-5ee8-b9c3-f40075ae4ffa | How much methohexital should be given to a pt undergoing ECT? | 0.5 mg/kg IV | 20 mg/kg via rectal suppository | 5 mg/kg PO | > 1mg/kg IV | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3a5922c2-09c3-5e77-9979-1da83eb3d319 | What is the MOA of opioids? | Act at stereospecific receptors at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the central nervous system. mimic the endogenous endorphines to inhibit pain transmission. | Receptor binding enhances the inhibitory effects of various neurotransmitter by facilitating GABA receptor binding. | Depression of the reticulcar activating system, suppression of excitatory neurotranmitters and enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmitters. | null | 3 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ba4422c4-0ff2-5ea3-a1f6-15bbf8aa78b4 | Which of the following is NOT an endogenous peptide? | Endorphin | Ekephalin | Dynorphine | Epinorphin | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b91cb59b-88e0-5535-be68-de7648bd5688 | Which opioid receptor produces ONLY spinal analgesia. | Mu2 | Kappa | Mu1 | Delta | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
32c39b6d-3c89-5e96-a0bb-40918ad2950c | What are the metabolites of morphine? | Morphine 3-gluconiride which is active and induces analgesia and resp depression, & Mophine 6-gluconiride which is inactive | Morphine 3-gluconiride & Mophine 6-gluconiride both of which are inactive. | Morphine 3-gluconiride which is inactive, & Mophine 6-gluconiride which is active and induces analgesia and resp depression | Morphine 3-gluconiride & Mophine 6-gluconiride both of which are active and cause respiratory depression and analgesia | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a50c7caa-fbd5-5481-86df-0b215296523b | 30mg of Ketorolac would be equivalent to how much morphine? | 1 mg | 30 mg | 15 mg | 10 mg | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ba9d9317-179e-5beb-8395-c067ce4bad12 | Put these medications in order of shortest elimination half time to longest: Midazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam | Midazolam < Diazepam < Lorazepam | Diazepam < Lorazepam < Midazolam | Lorazepam < Midazolam < Diazepam | Midazolam < Lorazepam < Diazepam | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
eea2956f-9c9a-5188-8527-244527257dcb | Which opioid receptors are responsible for physical dependence? | Mu1 & Mu2 | Mu2 & Delta | Mu1 & Kappa | Kappa & Delta | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d942e7f5-2491-5395-ab9d-8cc420622540 | What is the respiratory pattern associated with barbituates upon awakening? | Decrease Tv and Increase RR | Increase Tv and RR | Increase Tv and decrease RR | Decrease Tv and RR | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ab0b5120-5aa1-5c3e-9dd4-8718b2a4b255 | When doing a pre-op evaluation for a pt you notice the pt has low albumin levels. How would this effect the amount of Midazolam given to the pt for pre-medication? | You would need to increase the amount given in order to reach the desired effect | You would not change the dose at all. | You would decrease the amount of drug given since this pt may be at risk for overdose. | null | 3 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
d312e61a-01ce-553b-aaaa-c52203bde507 | What is GABA? | The major excitatory neurotransmitter and is important in agonizing the effects of amino acid transmitter. | Proteins or glycoproteins that are present on the cell surface, on an organelle within the cell, or in the cytoplasm. | The major inhibitory neurotransmitter and is important in antagonizing the effects of amino acid transmitter. | Refers to the portion of the chemical structured composed of a benzene ring fused to a seven-membered diazepine ring | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1946abb2-552f-584b-b6f7-f460cdbd2bf6 | How does Sufentanil compare to Morphine? | 1/10 as potent | 10 times as potent | 100 times as potent | 1,000 as potent | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6d75c970-2b1c-5c13-887b-46530dd4f375 | Which benzodiazepine is primarily used for induction of anesthesia? | Midazolam | Propofol | Thiopental | Etomidate | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1fd46658-3ada-5cae-b597-4c220ec5c08f | Which of the following is not an effect of opiods? | Chest wall rigidity | Fetal respiratory depression | Anterograde Amnesia | Constipation | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8bd9ba5c-b64e-55d3-a014-ee345c484534 | Which of the following is not a factor which increases risk of respiratory depression with opioids? | High opioid dose | High lipid solubility | Administration of other sedatives | Lack of tolerance | 5 | B | 1 | Advanced age | null | null | null | null |
dcc7cad1-cf8b-5461-878b-32965d9f73cc | How is remifentanil different than other opioids? | Shortest acting opioid | Stronger acting than Fentanyl | Structurally unique due to ester linkage | Few side effects | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
465938ed-19df-5bad-a437-ad3254c8dc05 | Substitutions on the carbon atoms of barbituates determine all of the following except: | Hypnotic potency | Anti-convulsant properties | Protein binding | Duration of action | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
eaadfcb9-138d-5418-aa29-c43e98128240 | What would be an appropriate loading dose for remifentanil? | 5-20 microgram | 1 mcg/kg | 0.5 mg/kg | 5 mcg/kg | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
5f898723-e0de-5c56-bd73-a8861a97e113 | Is Thiopental safe to give during pregnancy? | No! | Up to 4mg/kg, yes | Yes, it does not cross the placental barrier and even a high dose will not effect the fetus | Only minimal dose of 0.5 mg/kg. | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ea601da0-3d77-5146-9a29-cb01ff06251a | A barbituate with an oxygen atom on the #2 carbon would be called a... | Thiobarbituates | Malobarbituates | Pentabarbituates | Oxybarbituate | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
19a320af-699f-5ca4-b2b8-40b04d8a732b | Sodium Thiopental is a contraindication in which patients? | History of neurologic distrubances | History of hemolytic amenia | Acute intermittent porphyria | Immunosuppression | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c79c49eb-7cab-5b5c-8e8f-dee1ce484a5a | Which opioid receptor causes depression of ventilation, physical dependence, minimal constipation & urinary retention? | Mu1 | Mu2 | Kappa | Delta | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
e40d163a-bf9c-5137-beee-a73edcad95b1 | How is midazolam unique in comparison to other benzo's? | It is the only benzo safe to give to pregnant women. | Is known to cause pain upon injection, but has minimal respiratory depression | It is hydrophilic and becomes lipid soluble upon exposure to blood. | It is not highly protein bound like the other benzo's and thus more is available for use by the body. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8d5e280a-2e1f-57c5-80ef-debc16cabd47 | Benzodiazepines are preferred as a pre-medication for anesthesia because they do not cause any respiratory depression in patients. | True | False | null | null | 2 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3f3bde22-a38a-5cea-ae48-f44a7acc5e53 | How do midazolam and diazepam compare to one another? | Midazolam has 2 times the affinity for benzo receptors | Diazepam has 3 times the affinity for benzo receptors | Diazepam is hydrophilic | Midazolam has a much londer elimination half time | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
dd9aadf8-d9ec-584b-913f-6a811d951de5 | What is the MOA of Benzo's? | Blockade of chloride channels leading to depolarization and inhibition of neurotransmitter | Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity | Inhibition of GABA receptor binding which leads to degredation of GABA, preventing it from exerting it's effect. | Enhances the inhibitory effects of various neurotransmitter by facilitating GABA receptor binding. This opens chloride channels and causes hyperpolarization. | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2f825960-94d1-5973-ba51-5a64494402aa | Which of the Benzodiazepines reviewed has the slowest onset of action and why? | Lorazepam- due to lower lipid solubility | Midazolam- due to its water solubility | Diazepam- due to rapid redistribution | null | 3 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
bdf0f8f2-9787-57bc-9704-df783841293d | What is Substance P? | The major inhibitory neurotransmitter. | An active metabolite of opioid metabolism which relieves pain | An excitatory neurotransmitter presumed to be released by terminals of pain fibers | A rapper? | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f2da649e-ae0c-5ac9-891f-bbc37e84fa4c | A Competitive antagonist binds to a site other than the agonist binding domain. | True | False | null | null | 2 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f817846f-6736-5d23-b43f-7dc734999f79 | How does meperidine compare to morphine? | 1/10 as potent | 10 times as potent | 100 time as potent | 1,000 times as potent | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
4a0833f1-e61a-5d08-8a7f-f1601fc72a97 | Which of the following is true regarding benzodiazepines? | Amnesitic effects are greater than sedative effects | Produce sufficient skeletal muscle relaxation for surgery | Have a high tendency of tolerance compared to barbiturates | Longer duration of sedation than amnesia | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6708492a-04e5-56e6-867a-b915c3f11dc1 | Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological effect of benzodiazepines? | Amnesia | Anxiolysis | Analgesia | Anticonvulsant | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3947f0e1-574f-5c9c-87ba-8658fe995031 | How is remifentanil metabolized? | 90% metabolized to normeperidine,1/2 as active as a analgesic | By nonspecific plasma esterase inactive metabolites | Metabolized via conjugation with glucuronic acid | Metabolized via hepatic oxidation | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8dfa4aa3-1282-55f9-b7ee-2c706bc0c71a | Endorphin stimulates which opioid receptor? | Mu | Kappa | Delta | null | 3 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
dba1b1f8-07d3-5050-a1fc-7a306e0580f1 | Distribution of barbituates depends on all of the following except... | Lipid Solubility | Protein binding | Hepatic oxidation | Degree of ionization | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
bd4ecc93-bfa5-5650-ac00-702f9d4ed957 | Which benzodiazepine is primarily used to treat anxiety? | Lorazepam | Midazolam | Diazepam | Temazepam | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b868440d-d858-50e2-852c-a37217501a84 | How does fentanyl compare to morphine? | 1/10 as potent | 10 times as potent | 100 times as potent | 1000 times as potent | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
30e67074-ffaa-50df-8be7-1430dd919d76 | Why should you be cautious when giving both an opioid and a benzo together? | You increase risk for arrythmias | Patient may lose respiratory drive | You may increase ICP & SVR | You may severely reduce ABP | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
87788817-1cff-5141-b623-ae3ac003fea0 | Epidural or subarachnoid placement of opioids is based on activation of which receptors? | Kappa | Mu | Delta | All the above | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2bd18367-c09f-5f20-abd4-c462f65cef55 | What is the half life of Narcan? | 60-90 minutes | 30-45 minutes | 3 hours | 4-6 hours | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
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