instruction stringlengths 4 924 | prompt stringlengths 144 1.4k | input stringlengths 0 1.16k | output stringlengths 1 10.7k |
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What does RAND Corporation do? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What does RAND Corporation do?
### Input:
The RAND Corporation (from the phrase "research and development")[7] is a non-partisan American nonprofit global policy think tank and research institute[1] that conducts research and development (R&D) in multiple fields and industries including national security, military-defense, aerospace, education, public health, energy, the environment (environmental science, studies), economics, political science and international relations, infrastructure, law and criminology (criminal justice), anthropology, sociology, social policy, the social sciences, natural sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics, and their application on public policy, public administration, and business administration issues.
### Response:
| The RAND Corporation (from the phrase "research and development")[7] is a non-partisan American nonprofit global policy think tank and research institute[1] that conducts research and development (R&D) in multiple fields and industries including national security, military-defense, aerospace, education, public health, energy, the environment (environmental science, studies), economics, political science and international relations, infrastructure, law and criminology (criminal justice), anthropology, sociology, social policy, the social sciences, natural sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics, and their application on public policy, public administration, and business administration issues. | RAND is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. |
What is process manufacturing? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is process manufacturing?
### Response:
| Process manufacturing is the branch of manufacturing that manufactures goods by combining ingredients that include raw materials and chemicals following a recipe with a specific formulae. This recipe is often kept as a trade secret and often includes variables like heat, moisture content, mixing rates etc. Examples of goods due to process manufacturing include face creams, shampoos, beers and pharmaceutical products. | |
Give me a list of 7 continents in the world in alphabetical order. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Give me a list of 7 continents in the world in alphabetical order.
### Response:
| There are seven different continents in the world. Here is the list of them in alphabetical order:
Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Australia
Europe
North America
South America | |
Why is it so hard now to name a favorite musician? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why is it so hard now to name a favorite musician?
### Response:
| Compared to 10 years ago, this question has grown a lot harder to answer. In the old days, songs were indexed by song-writers. Prior to the digital age, the most popular media was physical cassettes, and it’s natural to group the cassettes by artists. Moreover, artists used to be the primary mechanism to discover new music. The cost of listening to new songs was usually high, since there were few ways to try new music, so fans tended to buy music from the same artists for quality (and taste) assurance.
With the evolution of music streaming and the decline of the recording industry, the granularity of “listening to music” has refined significantly. Listeners no longer need to buy whole cassettes, but can pick songs individually. Moreover, recommendation algorithms allow fans to discover music by popularity, genre or even mood. As a result, music fans now sample from such a wide range of artists that it’s hard to name a single favorite. And due to the insane number of accessible songs, Even if you listen to a specific artist most frequently among your collection, you may still only like a small percentage of all the songs he/she wrote, which leads to the shaky conviction that you actually have a “favorite musician”.
On the other hand, I believe the palette for music depends a lot on “environment”. It could be a physical environment (eg. beach or gym), an action (eg. working or cooking), or a mood (eg. chill or psyched). The like or dislike towards a certain piece of music changes drastically when these variables change. To some extent, I view music more as a tool than as an art form, in that I seek certain utility from music at different times. However, music judgment for me is also not 100% a rational or utilitarian process. It still very much comes from intuition, though that intuition is heavily biased by environmental factors. | |
Which is a species of fish? Pickerel or Pickle | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which is a species of fish? Pickerel or Pickle
### Response:
| Pickerel | |
What are some good activities to keep kids busy while traveling? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are some good activities to keep kids busy while traveling?
### Response:
| Having lots of activities at hand is key to an enjoyable trip with your kids. Some activity ideas include: Device games or movies (be sure to bring headphones!), coloring, reading books (load these on the device too), playing I Spy, playing the license plate game (keep track of the different states), practice shoe tying, sing songs (better for car trips), or play cards. When you need a break, bring out the snacks! | |
Who are Daenerys Targaryen's dragons named after? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who are Daenerys Targaryen's dragons named after?
### Response:
| Drogon is named for her late husband, Khal Drogo, and Viserion and Rhaegal are named for her late brothers, Viserys and Rhaegar. | |
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Eryops, Bluefin Tuna | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Eryops, Bluefin Tuna
### Response:
| Bluefin Tuna is alive, Eryops is extinct. | |
What is the best party to vote for in the US? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the best party to vote for in the US?
### Response:
| Voting is a personal choice, and as an AI, I can't tell you which to prefer. The two largest parties in the US are the Democrats and Republicans, but there are many smaller parties too (e.g., Green Party and Libertarians), as well as many Independent candidates. | |
Provide for me, in a bulleted list, seven sports that have been removed from the Olympics | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Provide for me, in a bulleted list, seven sports that have been removed from the Olympics
### Response:
| Here are seven sports that were once Olympic sports but have since been removed:
- One Hand Weightlifting
- Croquet
- Tug-of-war
- Duelling Pistol
- Ice Hockey
- Rope Climb
- Standing High Jump | |
Please tell me a little bit about the personal lives of the best hockey players at this time. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Please tell me a little bit about the personal lives of the best hockey players at this time.
### Response:
| Here is a list of the best hockey players in the NHL and a little about them:
Connor McDavid
Connor McDavid and his girlfriend, interior designer Lauren Kyle, designed their Edmonton house. After displaying pictures of the house for EDify magazine in 2020 and recording a video tour in 2021 for Architectural Digest, the minimalist design and the poor view of the Edmonton River Valley outside became an Internet meme.
As a sports fan in Ontario, McDavid was a dedicated childhood fan of Mats Sundin and the Toronto Maple Leafs NHL team. He described his childhood bedroom as "pretty embarrassing" for its volume of Maple Leafs memorabilia. Outside of hockey, he supports the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball and threw out the ceremonial first pitch at a Blue Jays game in 2016.
On June 21, 2017, Electronic Arts revealed that McDavid would be the cover athlete for NHL 18, their annual installment of the NHL video game series. Additionally, McDavid's unique skating style inspired the Real Player Motion technology used in NHL 19, in which player size and other attributes affect their skating speed and power. In 2022, McDavid was one of several Canadian athletes to appear on boxes of Cheerios cereal as part of their "Be the Cheer" promotion, in which customers could write personalized messages to athletes competing at the Olympic Games. That same year, McDavid became the first active professional athlete to serve as a brand ambassador for sports betting company BetMGM.
Cale Makar
Makar is the son of Gary Makar and Laura MacGregor. He was named after former NHL player Cale Hulse. His younger brother Taylor plays at UMass-Amherst, which Cale also attended, and was also drafted by the Avalanche in the seventh round of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft. Makar's cousin Mark Logan also played collegiate hockey from 2015 to 2019 at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Tom Lysiak was his father's cousin. He is of Ukrainian descent on his father's side. Growing up, he was a fan of the hometown Calgary Flames.
Auston Matthews
Matthews comes from a family of athletes, with his father having played college baseball and with an uncle, Wes Matthews, who briefly played in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins. His father is the chief technology officer of a manufacturing company based in New Jersey. He has two sisters: Alexandria, who is three years older, and Breyana, who is five years younger. Due to his mother's Mexican ancestry, Matthews can speak some Spanish.
Off the ice, Matthews was enrolled in several online courses with the University of Nebraska Omaha. In late August 2016, he moved to Toronto and began working out with teammates Mitch Marner and Morgan Rielly. Matthews' favorite athlete growing up was Kobe Bryant, while his favorite sports movie is The Mighty Ducks. He is a fan of players Jonathan Toews and Anže Kopitar due to their all around offensive and defensive game, has had his playing style compared to them. In recognition of Matthews' four-goal NHL debut, rap artist SVDVM released a song titled "Auston Matthews". At the 2019 NHL Awards, Matthews was named the cover athlete for EA Sports' ice hockey video game NHL 20. | |
How many players participate in an ultimate frisbee game? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How many players participate in an ultimate frisbee game?
### Response:
| A standard ultimate frisbee game consists of two teams with seven players on each side. Other less popular variations exist, such as beach ultimate frisbee which typically has five players on each team. | |
Classify each of the following as either a fruit or a vegetables: tomato, apple, orange, potato, banana. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Classify each of the following as either a fruit or a vegetables: tomato, apple, orange, potato, banana.
### Response:
| Tomato is a fruit. Apple is a fruit. Orange is a fruit. Potato is a vegetable. Banana is a fruit. | |
Given a reference text about S26, tell me where it begins and ends. | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Given a reference text about S26, tell me where it begins and ends.
### Input:
S26 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It runs from Teltow in the district (Kreis) of Potsdam-Mittelmark via Südkreuz, through the Berlin Nord-Süd Tunnel with a stop at Friedrichstraße, and ends in Waidmannslust in the borough of Reinickendorf. On weekends the S26 runs from Teltow to Potsdamer Platz.[1]
Trains on this line run every 20 minutes. This interval is in sections shortened to a 10-minute interval by the S25. There is no night service on this line.
### Response:
| S26 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It runs from Teltow in the district (Kreis) of Potsdam-Mittelmark via Südkreuz, through the Berlin Nord-Süd Tunnel with a stop at Friedrichstraße, and ends in Waidmannslust in the borough of Reinickendorf. On weekends the S26 runs from Teltow to Potsdamer Platz.[1]
Trains on this line run every 20 minutes. This interval is in sections shortened to a 10-minute interval by the S25. There is no night service on this line. | S26 begins in Tetlow and ends in Waidmannslust. |
Tell me whether these are different types of galaxies or different types of ecosystems: Forest, Grassland, Irregular, Spiral, Aquatic, Desert, Elliptical, Tundra, Marine | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Tell me whether these are different types of galaxies or different types of ecosystems: Forest, Grassland, Irregular, Spiral, Aquatic, Desert, Elliptical, Tundra, Marine
### Response:
| The different types of galaxies include: Irregular, spiral, and elliptical. The different types of ecosystems include: Forest, Grassland, Aquatic, Desert, Tundra, and Marine. | |
What are some arguments for decriminalizing people selling sex while criminalizing the purchasing of sex? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are some arguments for decriminalizing people selling sex while criminalizing the purchasing of sex?
### Response:
| Sometimes minors are forced into prostitution, and should not be held criminally liable
Many people in the sex trade want to leave that life and a criminal record impedes their progress
Turning to prostitution is often the last resort of a person who is impoverished, and poverty should not be against the law
If law enforcement depresses the demand for the sale of sex (by going after those who would buy sex), then prostitution rates may drop | |
What are the words of House Lannister? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the words of House Lannister?
### Response:
| "Hear Me Roar" | |
Provide a list of signs that you have won at life | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Provide a list of signs that you have won at life
### Response:
| 1. Your house is paid off
2. Your student loans are paid off
3. You are emotionally and physically healthy
4. You have meaningful relationships
5. You respect and love yourself
6. Your kids and spouse are content
7. You are comfortably retired | |
What are the words of House Mooton? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the words of House Mooton?
### Response:
| "Wisdom and Strength" | |
What kind of activity do good sales people do? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What kind of activity do good sales people do?
### Response:
| Good sales people build good relationships first by questioning and finding their interest. Then, they stat discovery questions. They don’t start product presentation until they finish discovery and find a space to listen in their customers. When they give some discovery questions they often use SPIN. S stands for situational questions, P stands for problem questions, I stands for Implication questions, N stands for need questions.
When they talk about their products they always how this product solves customers problems. They mention “You” or customer name frequently so that the customer imagine how they can change by that product. | |
What is the minimum weight of a coswain? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the minimum weight of a coswain?
### Input:
It is an advantage for the coxswain to be light as this requires less effort for the crew to propel the boat. In many competitive events there is a minimum weight, 55 kilograms (121 lb) under World Rowing rules, set for the coxswain to prevent unfair advantage. If a coxswain is under the minimum weight allowance (underweight), they may have to carry weights in the boat such as sandbags.[44]
### Response:
| It is an advantage for the coxswain to be light as this requires less effort for the crew to propel the boat. In many competitive events there is a minimum weight, 55 kilograms (121 lb) under World Rowing rules, set for the coxswain to prevent unfair advantage. If a coxswain is under the minimum weight allowance (underweight), they may have to carry weights in the boat such as sandbags.[44] | The minimum weight of a coxswain if 55 kilograms (121 pounds) under World Rowing rules. |
Who is the best all-time soccer player? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who is the best all-time soccer player?
### Response:
| It is hard to say and very subjective among fans of different clubs and nationalities. But, it would be safe to say that the best all-time soccer player is among the following list: Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Maradona, and Pele. | |
What was Elvis Presley's first No. 1 hit in the United States? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What was Elvis Presley's first No. 1 hit in the United States?
### Response:
| "Heartbreak Hotel". | |
List some of the minor houses in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire." | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
List some of the minor houses in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire."
### Response:
| Florent, Caron, Graceford, Jordayne, Piper, Penrose, Waxley, Wydman, Wensington | |
Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which team was relegated from the league at the conclusion of the 1991 Season?
### Input:
Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone.[1]
Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season
### Response:
| Waterside Karori were relegated at the end of the 1990 season, to be replaced by the winner of a play-off series between teams from the northern, central, and southern leagues (Mount Albert-Ponsonby, Nelson United, and Burndale United respectively). Nelson United won the series to gain promotion, but there is some controversy about their participation in the play-offs as they had only finished second in the central regional league, which was won by Petone.[1]
Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season | Gisborne City were relegated at the end of the 1991 season. |
Which is the best soccer team of all time? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which is the best soccer team of all time?
### Response:
| It is hard to say since there could be multiple rankings to answer this question.
Assuming the best soccer players end up playing in Europe, we could take into consideration the European Champions League winners. Using this ranking, Real Madrid, having won 14 trophies, could be considered the best soccer team in the world.
Alternatively, Fifa awarded Real Madrid the “soccer club of the 20th century” after winning a popular poll with 42.35% of the votes.
Everything around soccer teams is very subjective and feelings could play a big part for everyone's answer. | |
Which of the following countries do not follow the rectangular-shaped flag standard that most every other country does: Nepal, South Africa, Japan, South Korea, Vatican City, Switzerland, Vietnam, Australia | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which of the following countries do not follow the rectangular-shaped flag standard that most every other country does: Nepal, South Africa, Japan, South Korea, Vatican City, Switzerland, Vietnam, Australia
### Response:
| Nepal, Vatican City, Switzerland | |
I am thinking of going to yoga. What type of class is good for me? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I am thinking of going to yoga. What type of class is good for me?
### Response:
| It depends upon many factors. If you are a beginner there are low heat classes like yin or hatha or restore. If you would like a good workout, you can go to a high heat vinyasa class. | |
What is the best skill in judo? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the best skill in judo?
### Response:
| Judo is a martial art, consistency, and dedication should be your doctrine if you want to succeed. In Japan, you could stay white belt for ten years before reaching the first dan grade, which stands for black belt level 1. This could be a bit disappointing for common standards, so in the rest of the world, to encourage practitioners and demonstrate progress, a belt colors system has been created.
Anyone can practice, at any age. Strength is important in competition, but the real spirit would be to rely on using the strength of the opponent, breaking balance with swift movements, and using your body to block, push, rotate, and endless combinations of posture to conclude the movement by a clean and controlled projection. | |
What is called a Capital charge in finance? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is called a Capital charge in finance?
### Response:
| If a unit trust manager takes the management charges out of the fund's capital instead of the income it has generated, it is called a capital charge. | |
Extract the most recent owner of the Seattle Storm from this Wikipedia article. | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Extract the most recent owner of the Seattle Storm from this Wikipedia article.
### Input:
Owners
Further information: Category:Seattle Storm owners
Barry and Ginger Ackerley, owners of the Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)[43][44]
Howard Schultz, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2001–2006) [45]
Clay Bennett, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2007) [45]
Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present)[46]
### Response:
| Owners
Further information: Category:Seattle Storm owners
Barry and Ginger Ackerley, owners of the Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)[43][44]
Howard Schultz, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2001–2006) [45]
Clay Bennett, owner of the Seattle SuperSonics (2007) [45]
Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present)[46] | The current owner of the Seattle Storm is Force |
Give me a bulleted list of the past 10 Masters Tournament Champions. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Give me a bulleted list of the past 10 Masters Tournament Champions.
### Response:
| Scottie Scheffler
Hideki Matsuyama
Dustin Johnson
Tiger Woods
Patrick Reed
Sergio García
Danny Willett
Jordan Spieth
Bubba Watson
Adam Scott | |
What is COBOL used for? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is COBOL used for?
### Response:
| COBOL was designed for business computer programs in industries such as finance and human resources. Unlike some high-level computer programming languages, COBOL uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to understand. | |
Who amongst these are cricketers: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal,
Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, Andre Agassi, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who amongst these are cricketers: Virat Kohli, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal,
Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams, Andre Agassi, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor.
### Response:
| Virat Kohli, Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Anil Kumble, Harmanpreet Kaur, Mithali Raj, Sarah Taylor are cricketers. | |
How to evict a tenant in California | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How to evict a tenant in California
### Response:
| 1. Give the tenant the initial notice which clearly state the issue and what is required of them to resolve it. There must be a valid reason for eviction such as failure to pay rent, lease violation, unlawful activities, property damages.
2. Post the notice with a deadline for the tenant to respond
3. Once the deadline has passed, you can file with the court by filling out the Summons and Complaint for unlawful detainer forms
4. Once your tenant is notified, they will have five days to respond. If they do not respond, you can ask for default judgement which allow you to order the sheriff to remove the tenant from the property and the court will order the tenant to pay for court and attorney fees. If the tenant files a response or you do not receive default judgement, you will go to trial.
5. The judge will make a decision after hearing both sides. The judge will either ask the tenant to vacate or allow them to remain in the property. | |
From this passage, what is the main benefit of TCP? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
From this passage, what is the main benefit of TCP?
### Input:
At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or unpredictable network behaviour, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-order data and even helps minimize network congestion to reduce the occurrence of the other problems. If the data still remains undelivered, the source is notified of this failure. Once the TCP receiver has reassembled the sequence of octets originally transmitted, it passes them to the receiving application. Thus, TCP abstracts the application's communication from the underlying networking details.
### Response:
| At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or unpredictable network behaviour, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-order data and even helps minimize network congestion to reduce the occurrence of the other problems. If the data still remains undelivered, the source is notified of this failure. Once the TCP receiver has reassembled the sequence of octets originally transmitted, it passes them to the receiving application. Thus, TCP abstracts the application's communication from the underlying networking details. | TCP attempts to ensure that data is sent in the proper order under non-optimal and unpredictable network conditions, and informs the source if it was not successful. |
Is black hole truly black? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Is black hole truly black?
### Input:
A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape its event horizon. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon. Although it has a great effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, it has no locally detectable features according to general relativity. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes, making it essentially impossible to observe directly.
### Response:
| A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape its event horizon. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon. Although it has a great effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, it has no locally detectable features according to general relativity. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes, making it essentially impossible to observe directly. | According to general relativity, a black hole emits no lights at all. Thus it is 100% black by definition. However, when quantum effects are included, a black hole has finite temperature, emitting lights called Hawking radiation. In this sense, a black hole is not truly black. |
Why do people need sleep? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why do people need sleep?
### Response:
| Sleep is necessary for your overall health and well-being. Sleep is even so important not enough sleep can actually kill you. Sleep enables the body engage in processes that help rejuvenate the body through better mental and physical performance. A good night of rest will give you higher energy levels, better mood, clearer thinking and concentration. | |
What are some quick dinners that I can make during the week? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are some quick dinners that I can make during the week?
### Response:
| Some good ideas for quick dinners that you can make in 15-30 min or less include several pasta dishes like carbonara, basil pesto and pasta Alfredo or dishes that come quickly together like Chinese style fried rice to which you can add different proteins like shrimp, chicken or meat or tofu if you'd rather go for a vegetarian option. Salads are also a good candidate for quick dinners since you can be quite flexible in your combinations and usually do not require to heat up or cook any of the ingredients. | |
How many continents are in the world? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How many continents are in the world?
### Response:
| There are seven continents in the world | |
Who is the St Louis Cardinals? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who is the St Louis Cardinals?
### Response:
| The St Louis Cardinals is a major league baseball team that play's in the national league central division. | |
How can I get people to like me? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How can I get people to like me?
### Response:
| It's important to remember that not everyone will like you in this world, no matter how great you are. So don't be discouraged if you find someone doesn't like you as much as you think they should.
Here are some tips for getting people to like you:
- Ask them questions about themselves: People enjoy talking about themselves and if you ask them thoughtful questions they will see that you are a caring person who pays attention to them.
- Read social cues: It's important to be able to understand when someone is not interested in what you are talking about. If you find someone you're talking to is looking around the room and giving you short responses, you should try and steer the conversation in a different direction to see if you can engage them.
- Have a sense of humor: Laughing with other people is a great way to create bonds. You can try to be a little self-deprecating or just make innocent jokes about your situation. But be careful to not alienate people with humor if you don't know them well. Jokes about religion, politics, and other people might not go over well with some people. | |
Tell me whether these are found at the beach or on a mountains: ocean, ski resort, chair lift, shell, seaweed, hiking trail | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Tell me whether these are found at the beach or on a mountains: ocean, ski resort, chair lift, shell, seaweed, hiking trail
### Response:
| Ocean: Beach
Ski Resort: Mountain
Chair Lift: Mountain
Shell: Beach
Seaweed: Beach
Hiking Trail: Mountain | |
write a story about the first contact of Alien would be | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
write a story about the first contact of Alien would be
### Response:
| The first contact with Alien will be a big event that the entire earth would remember for generations. the first thing that will determine the nature of this first contact depends who get to who first. Alien arrived to earth, or human discovered another planet with other civilisation. it is high likely that in either way, the first contact will be between robots of the more advanced civilisation and the the people of the less advanced civilisation. this is due to the fact that the high advanced civilization tends to explore other worlds using their robots first. | |
Why do sailboats have to tack upwind? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why do sailboats have to tack upwind?
### Response:
| Modern sailboats use sails that act as foils, with pressure that increases on the inside of the foil higher than the outside of the foil, similar to an airplane wing and described by the Bernoulli effect. The sails must have an angle of attack that is perpendicular to the direction of the wind to be effective. Off the wind, or heading away from the wind, the sails can be eased out to maintain this angle. Heading into the wind, the boat can only get so close to the direction to keep the sails from becoming ineffective or "luffing." So to head in the general direction of the wind, a boat must tack at angles to the wind, to make its way in the direction of the wind. | |
I need a bulleted list of a few things people like to do with trees. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I need a bulleted list of a few things people like to do with trees.
### Response:
| - Read under one
- Plant some in a park
- Pick and eat its fruit
- Cut it for lumber | |
Write a friendly complaint to an airline service about a poor experience with multiple issues and ask for points. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a friendly complaint to an airline service about a poor experience with multiple issues and ask for points.
### Response:
| To whom it may concern; as a loyal member to your airline alliance, I was disappointed in the multiple issues I experienced on a recent flight. Your airline usually provides me with an exceptional experience but unfortunately this last travel journey was below par.
Firstly, my seat was broken and unable to recline. Given this was a red eye flight where I was hoping to get some rest, this limited my ability to do so.
Secondly, the Wifi I paid for was out for 4 out of 6 hours of the trip. So while awake without recline, I was unable to use that time effectively to email or communicate with friends and family.
Lastly, my checked bag took 45 minutes at the carousel. I know you have a policy where it should be 20 minutes or less.
I really enjoy flying with you and would like to hope this was a stroke of bad luck, and not reflective of your customer service and typical experience. I would appreciate as a goodwill 10,000 points into my account to make things right. I hope you consider my request.
Kind regards | |
Was Michael Flavin wealthy at the time he wrote Benjamin Disraeli? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Was Michael Flavin wealthy at the time he wrote Benjamin Disraeli?
### Input:
Michael Flavin's Benjamin Disraeli: The Novel as a Political Discourse suggests that Venetia was largely a commercial endeavour for Disraeli, who was deep in debt at the time that he wrote it.
### Response:
| Michael Flavin's Benjamin Disraeli: The Novel as a Political Discourse suggests that Venetia was largely a commercial endeavour for Disraeli, who was deep in debt at the time that he wrote it. | No, he was deep in debt at the time. |
How did Andy Warhol create the "piss paintings"? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How did Andy Warhol create the "piss paintings"?
### Response:
| Andy Warhol created paintings in the 1970s by covering canvases with copper paint and having various staffers urinate on them. This created different colored splotches, pools, and lines. | |
What is the purpose of operating a motor vehicle? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the purpose of operating a motor vehicle?
### Response:
| The purpose of operating a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B without incident, regardless of whose fault it might be. | |
What is a wallet used for? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is a wallet used for?
### Response:
| A wallet is a flat pouch used to carry small person items. It can be made out of raw hide or some other material. It can be used to cary currency or money, credit cards, photos of family, insurance cards, and person identification. A wallet is helpful to organize different payment methods, and it used in most transactions that requirement a payment using a form of currency or credit. | |
Why are kids inquisitive? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why are kids inquisitive?
### Response:
| Kids are very eager to understand the world around them and tend to ask lots of questions. There is a potential for these characteristics to reduce as kids grow older, either because of other social interactions or having a better understanding of their general environment. | |
Which of these four novels has the least in common with the others?
1. Red Harvest by Dashiell Hammett
2. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
3. The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler
4. The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which of these four novels has the least in common with the others?
1. Red Harvest by Dashiell Hammett
2. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
3. The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler
4. The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
### Response:
| One Hundred Years of Solitude has the least in common with the other books. It is part of a genre called Magical Realism, which depicts a world that strongly resembles real life but contains magical aspects that would normally be found in the Fantasy genre. The other three novels are all Detective fiction, and belong to the Hardboiled sub-genre. Hardboiled detective stories typically feature a deeply cynical (and often unlikable) protagonist, organized crime elements, and a prohibition-era setting. | |
What are some good steps to getting an AWS cloud certification and getting a cloud job? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are some good steps to getting an AWS cloud certification and getting a cloud job?
### Response:
| Getting an AWS certification is a great way to get started with learning about cloud and potentially starting a career in it! Here are some good first steps:
1. Start with the free AWS Cloud Practitioner course and overview: https://aws.amazon.com/training/digital/aws-cloud-practitioner-essentials/?cp=sec&sec=prep
2. Pass the AWS cloud practitioner exam
3. Decide which specialization path to go down — options could include the architecture path, more of a data specialist, or a Security specialization, with multiple other options
4. If you choose the architecture path, Stephane Marek’s courses (https://www.udemy.com/user/stephane-maarek/) are excellent, frequently updated, and inexpensive.
5. The next step is the AWS Solution Architect—Associate exam, which is difficult but the above courses prepare you well (combined with practice tests, note below on that)
6. To get hands on experience here is a list of interesting cloud sample projects, some easy and some hard: https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/8inzn5/so_you_want_to_learn_aws_aka_how_do_i_learn_to_be/
7. In preparing for the exams, especially the more advanced ones, Jon Bonso has excellent practice question banks: https://tutorialsdojo.com/courses/aws-certified-solutions-architect-associate-practice-exams/.
8. Once you have the Solution Architect—Associate certification and some sample projects complete you can likely start looking for a job in the cloud space. Companies are looking for people with those skills + cert + some hands-on experience, so good luck! | |
When did the golden age for Jewish culture start and where was it? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
When did the golden age for Jewish culture start and where was it?
### Input:
A few scholars give the start of the Golden Age as 711–718, the Muslim conquest of Iberia.
### Response:
| A few scholars give the start of the Golden Age as 711–718, the Muslim conquest of Iberia. | The golden age for jewish culture started somewhere around 711-718 and it was in Spain. |
Monster Hunter 4 Unlimited (hereafter, "MH4U") was a video game released exclusively for the Nintendo 3DS circa 2013. Elden Ring was a video game released for multiple platforms in circa 2022 to critical acclaim.
If MH4U and Elden Ring were considered to be siblings nine years apart in a small family, how might the experiences of MH4U have influenced the growth and development of Elden Ring? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Monster Hunter 4 Unlimited (hereafter, "MH4U") was a video game released exclusively for the Nintendo 3DS circa 2013. Elden Ring was a video game released for multiple platforms in circa 2022 to critical acclaim.
If MH4U and Elden Ring were considered to be siblings nine years apart in a small family, how might the experiences of MH4U have influenced the growth and development of Elden Ring?
### Response:
| Young parents face many challenges. Finances, education, and home expenses often compete with the needs of a growing family. Within the context provided, MH4U reflects the first child of a young couple who must make several investments, including clothing, baby essentials, and furniture. This may be conveyed under the limited system resources available to MH4U under the 3DS console: 128MB of RAM. Additionally, one or both parents may work full time, leaving limited time to work with and grow the child. As the child, MH4U, enters age 9, they should be entering 4th or 5th grade and have developed the cognitive and functional skills to support their parents. Additionally, the parents will have likely developed further in their careers and caretaking abilities that ensure the stability and growth of a small family. In this example, Elden Ring represents the second child, which arrives nine years after MH4U. In this context, as a result of the growth of experience and income of the family, and assuming the family equates to a Playstation 4, the family now enjoys 8GB of RAM.
As described in the preceding paragraph, the familial environment that Elden Ring emerges from is vastly different than that of MH4U. However, there are additional benefits beyond the system limitations provided. These benefits are conveyed through the emotional and physical support provided through familial bonds, in this case, that of an older and younger sibling. Upon the arrival of Elden Ring, MH4U is eager to help their parents with caretaking tasks which may include keeping the child company, completing small jobs and errands, and establishing familial bonds with their sibling. The parents will be able to draw upon the experience of raising MH4U and apply those lessons to their newest member of the family. It’s important that the parents continue to create small jobs for MH4U that help to convey positive responses to younger family members: caretaking, guidance, and companionship.
As MH4U graduates from their teens and enters early adulthood, it’s critical that they stay actively involved in the life of their sibling. By age 18, MH4U will now be nine years older than Elden Ring, which as it happens, is the same age when MH4U became an older sibling. Under this lens, MH4U carries greater social responsibility than they did when they were the same age as Elden Ring. MH4U may also begin to contemplate leaving the family for continuing education. While it’s common for individuals to depart the family for secondary education after age 18, it’s critically important that MH4U continue to maintain constant contact with its younger sibling to provide guidance and advice and convey lessons learned from its formative experiences.
In this way, Elden Ring has a fast track to develop. MH4U is able to provide guidance equatable to best practices, experiences, and trial and error. Additionally, MH4U development during constrained resources encourages Elden Ring to do “more with less” and ensures a fastidious approach towards the allocation of resources. By the time Elden Ring approaches age 18, they enjoy the combined experiences of their parents and their older sibling which helps to increase their likelihood of success and families are stronger when they provide guidance and stability to their children.
In summary, the success of Elden Ring was no accident. The investments of the parents into the older sibling, MH4U, however lacking, provided a baseline level by which MH4U could invest in its younger sibling Elden Ring. Through this chain of investments, the family finds a greater chance of success. Under the lens of the original context, there would not be a critically reception to Elden Ring had not the parents made baseline investment and support to MH4U during the formative years of the family. | |
What is the Krusty Krab? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the Krusty Krab?
### Input:
The Krusty Krab is a fictional fast food restaurant in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. It is famous for its signature burger, the Krabby Patty, the formula to which is a closely guarded trade secret.
### Response:
| The Krusty Krab is a fictional fast food restaurant in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. It is famous for its signature burger, the Krabby Patty, the formula to which is a closely guarded trade secret. | The restaurant was founded by Eugene H. Krabs (often referred to as Mr. Krabs), who is also the owner and manager. SpongeBob SquarePants (who works as the fry cook) and Squidward Tentacles (the cashier) are the only full-time employees. The primary competitor to the Krusty Krab is the Chum Bucket across the street, which is operated by Plankton, a plankton and Karen, a waterproof supercomputer and Plankton's wife. |
What are the top 10 largest cities in the world by population (city proper)? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the top 10 largest cities in the world by population (city proper)?
### Response:
| - Chongqing, China
- Shanghai, China
- Beijing, China
- Delhi, India
- Chengdu, China
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Karachi, Pakistan
- Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin, China
- Tokyo, Japan | |
Classify each of these bands as Polish death metal, Norwegian death metal, or K-Pop: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Cadaver, Darkthrone, Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Girls' Generation, TWICE, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth, Decapitated | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Classify each of these bands as Polish death metal, Norwegian death metal, or K-Pop: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Cadaver, Darkthrone, Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Girls' Generation, TWICE, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth, Decapitated
### Response:
| Polish death metal bands: Behemoth, Vader, Empatic, Decapitated
Norwegian death metal bands: Cadaver, Darkthrone, Blood Red Throne, Emperor, Gorgoroth
K-Pop bands: BTS, EXO, Red Velvet, Girls' Generation, TWICE | |
Why should I cheer for the Sacramento Kings in this year's NBA playoffs? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why should I cheer for the Sacramento Kings in this year's NBA playoffs?
### Response:
| Until this season, the Sacramento Kings held the longest playoff drought in all of North American professional sports, lasting 16 years. Despite this, the fanbase for the Kings remained loyal and regularly attended games to watch their team lose year after year. In the midst of this drought, the previous owners of the franchise attempted to move the team to a new city, with significant traction at various points, to both Anaheim and Seattle. It was only the passion of the fans, and the combined support from local businesses and politicians, that prevented the move. In addition to the Kings having one of the most supportive fanbases in the NBA getting their first taste of success, the Kings are also a highly enjoyable team to watch. The players are friendly and likable, and the offense is one of the most successful in NBA history. Lastly, the team also has a fun gimmick of lighting a large purple laser beam that can be seen for miles after every victory, leading to a chorus of 'Light the beam!' from the Kings fanbase in the arena at the conclusion of every win. Pulling all of these factors together make the Sacramento Kings a fun team to cheer for in the upcoming NBA playoffs. | |
From the given text, provide a couple of points on Supreme Court of Iran | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
From the given text, provide a couple of points on Supreme Court of Iran
### Input:
The Supreme Court of Iran is the highest juridical authority in Iran, established to supervise the correct implementation of laws by courts of justice and consisting of the most prominent judges of the country. The head of the judiciary assigns criteria to ensure uniformity of judicial procedure and to carry out all legal responsibilities.
### Response:
| The Supreme Court of Iran is the highest juridical authority in Iran, established to supervise the correct implementation of laws by courts of justice and consisting of the most prominent judges of the country. The head of the judiciary assigns criteria to ensure uniformity of judicial procedure and to carry out all legal responsibilities. | 1. The Supreme Court of Iran, which is composed of the most eminent judges in the nation and was founded to oversee the proper application of laws by courts of justice, is the highest legal authority in Iran.
2. To ensure judicial procedure is uniform and to fulfil all legal obligations, the head of the court assigns standards. |
How does grain orientation effect the dimensional movement of wood? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How does grain orientation effect the dimensional movement of wood?
### Response:
| Wood expands and shrinks depending on its moisture content. The relative amount of change, expansion, or shrinkage differs for each of the three main grain directions. Those directions are longitudinal, radial, and tangential. Longitudinal is the direction a tree or its branches grows length-wise. In most lumber, this is its length. The change in this direction is very small. That is why a wooden ruler can be used without changing its measurements when ambient moisture changes. In almost all uses, longitudinal expansion and contraction are small enough not to be of concern. Radial and tangential directional expansion and contraction are significant and different enough that they affect the dimensional stability of a piece of wood. The relative amount of change in each direction is specific to the wood species. Regardless of wood species, the change is greater in the tangential direction than in the radial direction. The tangential direction is tangential to the growth rings in the wood, and the radial direction is perpendicular to the growth rings. The T/R or ratio of tangential to radial change correlates to the dimensional stability of a wood species. If you visualize a piece of lumber that is milled square and comes from a part of a log such that the rings are almost straight across in one direction, that is referred to as vertical grain or quarter sawn. As the moisture content of the wood changes to come into equilibrium with its environment, it will move toward a diamond shape. The closer the T/R ratio is to 1, the less the square dimension will distort. Dimensional stability and the direction of wood movement is important to plan for when cutting joinery in wood. If two joined pieces are aligned so that they will not move in the same direction relative to the joint, the joint will be unstable when the ambient humidity changes and can cause the joint to fail. | |
What is the best sport? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the best sport?
### Response:
| It depends on who you ask, but as an AI language model, I cannot determine which sport is the best. The best sport for a person may differ compared to another person based on the level of athleticism and the complexity of the game required. Some of the popular sports around the world include soccer, basketball, baseball, football, tennis, cricket, and others. | |
Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters. | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.
### Input:
The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.
### Response:
| The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence. | In the Last of Us, a player can control Joel, Ellie (who is being escorted by Joel across the United States), and Sarah (who is Joel's daughter). |
Give me 5 strategies to receive a strong performance review | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Give me 5 strategies to receive a strong performance review
### Response:
| Here are 5 strategies to help you receive a strong performance review:
1. Perform all of the work assigned to you with good quality
2. Take initiative on projects outside of your main responsibilities
3. Make connections with people within and outside of your team
4. Become friends with your manager
5. Ask for continuous feedback throughout the year | |
What is Oktoberfest | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is Oktoberfest
### Response:
| The Oktoberfest is the world's largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and a travelling carnival. It is held annually in Munich, Bavaria. It is a 16- to 18-day folk festival running from mid- or late-September to around the first Sunday in October, with more than six million international and national visitors attending the event. Locally, it is called d’Wiesn, after the colloquial name for the fairgrounds, Theresienwiese. The Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture, having been held since the year 1810. Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations that are modeled after the original Munich event.
During the event, large quantities of Oktoberfest Beer are consumed. For example, during the 16-day festival in 2014, 7.7 million litres (2,000,000 US gal) were served,[1] making it the year where the most beer was consumed at the Oktoberfest.[2] Visitors also enjoy numerous attractions, such as amusement rides, sidestalls, and games. There is also a wide variety of traditional foods available.
The Munich Oktoberfest originally took place in the 16-day period leading up to the first Sunday in October. In 1994, this longstanding schedule was modified in response to German reunification. As a result, if the first Sunday in October falls on the 1st or the 2nd, then the festival would run until 3 October (German Unity Day). Thus, the festival now runs for 17 days when the first Sunday is 2 October and 18 days when it is 1 October. In 2010, the festival lasted until the first Monday in October (4 October), to mark the event's bicentennial. | |
Who regulates companies in Australia? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who regulates companies in Australia?
### Response:
| The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) regulates financial services and consumer credit, and authorised financial markets operating in Australia. | |
How many James Bond movies did Daniel Craig star in? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How many James Bond movies did Daniel Craig star in?
### Response:
| Daniel Craig starred in 5 James Bond movies | |
A square has angles of 30 degrees, 90 degrees and 150 degrees. What is the last angle in the square? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
A square has angles of 30 degrees, 90 degrees and 150 degrees. What is the last angle in the square?
### Response:
| All the angles in a square must be 90 degrees. Squares cannot have 30 degree or 150 degree angles | |
What are the advantages of a progressive consumption tax? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the advantages of a progressive consumption tax?
### Response:
| A progressive consumption tax would be a good substitute for a progressive income tax because it would produce greater economic efficiencies by promoting investment and savings while eliminating the income tax's disincentivizing of work. Unlike a sales tax imposed at the point of sale, a consumption tax could be structured to be progressive rather than regressive, by using a year end tax return to calculate 'net consumption' during a given tax year, with the return summing all sales of qualified investments and then subtracting all purchases of new qualified investments. The tax return then apply a progressive tax rate to the total net investment. Much of the complexity of the current tax code would be eliminated. There would no longer be a need for complex calculations relating to capital gains, based on the concept of 'tax basis' and other arcane notions. Complexities relating to tax beneficial retirement-related savings accounts would also become unnecessary. Investors would no longer be penalized for efficiency-driven portfolio rebalancing. Billionaires would not be taxed significantly if they live frugally, but they could be taxed at very high rates for substantial consumption. A billionaire who buys large yachts, multiple mega-mansions, etc. would pay high taxes. A billionaire who lives modestly would not. But the latter billionaire is keeping her money invested in the economy, providing resources that will further economic growth. Opponents of a consumption tax cite the fact that most consumption taxes are thought to be regressive. However, as perviously mentioned, the consumption tax could be structured to be progressive, and in fact could be structured to be even more progressive than the current income tax. The progressive rates could be based on wealth rather than the amount of annual consumption or income. It would even be possible to tax consumption at over 100% in the case of billionaires. For example, if someone had a net worth of over $10 billion, we could tax that person's consumption at 150%. Regressiveness concerns can also be addressed by exempting a large portion of consumption. Annual consumption under a certain level, say $30,000 per year, could be tax free, or taxed at a low sales-tax-like rate of, say, 5%. Most economists agree that a consumption tax would promote economic growth. | |
Sort these into breakfast or dinner foods: Waffles, pancakes, turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, bacon and eggs, egg drop soup | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Sort these into breakfast or dinner foods: Waffles, pancakes, turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, bacon and eggs, egg drop soup
### Response:
| The breakfast foods are waffles, pancakes and bacon and eggs. The dinner foods are turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, and egg drop soup | |
Imagine you are the CEO of Tiktok and have to give an argument in front of the Senate on why the US should not ban Tiktok. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Imagine you are the CEO of Tiktok and have to give an argument in front of the Senate on why the US should not ban Tiktok.
### Response:
| Hello members of the Senate. My name is Shou Zi Chew, and I am the CEO of Tiktok. Tiktok is a platform that surfaces short videos based on an algorithm that predicts your interests and likelihood of engaging with a video. We have a very large user base who, through engaging with our platform, have found communities that support and provide vast amounts of new knowledge. Not only is Tiktok a source of information and news, we have invested in making sure only appropriate content is surfaced, especially for children. We take privacy and security very seriously. Some members of the Senate are concerned that because Tiktok is held by a Chinese company, that we have secret ties to China. I can assure you that that is not the case. I believe Tiktok has brought users entertainment and education that warrants it to continue operating as a company. Please consider supporting Tiktok. Thank you member of the Senate for taking the time today to learn about Tiktok. | |
classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft
### Response:
| costco should be grocery, netflix should be entertainment, uber should be travel, restaurant should be food & drink, rent should be bills, lyft should be travel | |
Which F1 drivers race for Red Bull Racing in the 2023 season? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which F1 drivers race for Red Bull Racing in the 2023 season?
### Response:
| Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez | |
Where should I go on vacation? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Where should I go on vacation?
### Response:
| Well, that depends on your travel budget and how much time you want to spend, and the kind of vacation you like. Here are some recommendations for a vacation by the Time magazine: Dominica, Barcelona (Spain), Torres del Paine National Park (Chile), Ladakh (India), Churchill (Manitoba), Aarhus (Denmark), Roatán (Honduras), Aqaba (Jordan), Kyoto (Japan). These are just some recommendations of beautiful places to visit. | |
Who won the 1988 Superbowl | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who won the 1988 Superbowl
### Response:
| Washington Redskins | |
What is lacrosse? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is lacrosse?
### Response:
| Lacrosse is the original and oldest sport in North America. it is one of the national sports of Canada. It was created by French-Canadian Jesuit missionary priests in Canada, in the 17th Century. The game of lacrosse is based on the traditional Native American game "baggataway."' This means "little brother of war;" it was also commonly referred to as "The Creator's Game." There are currently three predominant versions of lacrosse: Field Lacrosse, Box Lacrosse, and Women's Lacrosse.
Field lacrosse is the men's outdoor version of the game. There are 10 players on each team, on the field at once. These players consist of 3 attackmen, 3 midfielders, 3 defensemen, and one goalie. Each player has a helmet, shoulder pads, gloves, elbow pads, and a lacrosse stick. 6 players carry a short stick, which measures between 40 to 42 inches, and a maximum of four players on the field at a time can carry a long stick, which is between 52 and 72 inches long. Short sticks are generally used by offensive players, and long sticks by defensive only players. The goalie has a specific stick to his position, with a. wider "head" to assist in making saves. The ball for play is made of solid rubber, about the size of a baseball. A lacrosse goal measures 6 feet by 6 feet. Teams are awarded one point for getting the ball into the goal.
Each game is 60 minutes long, made up of four 15 minute periods. At the start of each period, and after ever goal, there is a face-off at the center of the field. A unique aspect of lacrosse is that on a shot, when the ball goes out of bounds, possession is awarded to the team closet to the ball when it went out. On out of bounds other than a shot attempt, possession is awarded to the opposite team that touched it last. During the course of play teams may substitute players "on the fly," through a designated substitution area (commonly referred to as "the box"), which is in between the benches of both teams.
Penalties in lacrosse result from rule violations, deemed by either an infraction (commonly referred to as a "technical foul"), or a personal foul. The result of the offending team is either losing possession of the ball, or temporarily losing a player for a designated period of time (similar to hockey). The offending player serves their penalty in the box. The team that has taken the penalty is the playing "man-down" for the time serving portion of the rule violation, while the other team is player "man-up."
The generally consensus for who the greatest lacrosse player of all time is usually between three players: Jim Brown, Gary Gait, and John Grant. | |
When was hailstorm island first photographed given this text | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
When was hailstorm island first photographed given this text
### Input:
Hailstorm Island is a rocky island, 0.5 kilometres (0.25 nmi) long, between Cameron Island and the east end of Burnett Island in the central part of the Swain Islands, Antarctica. It was first roughly mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and included in a 1957 survey of the Swain Islands by Wilkes Station personnel under Carl R. Eklund. It was named by Eklund for Radioman Kenneth J. Hailstorm, U.S. Navy, a Naval support force member of the 1957 wintering party at Wilkes Station during the International Geophysical Year.[1]
### Response:
| Hailstorm Island is a rocky island, 0.5 kilometres (0.25 nmi) long, between Cameron Island and the east end of Burnett Island in the central part of the Swain Islands, Antarctica. It was first roughly mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and included in a 1957 survey of the Swain Islands by Wilkes Station personnel under Carl R. Eklund. It was named by Eklund for Radioman Kenneth J. Hailstorm, U.S. Navy, a Naval support force member of the 1957 wintering party at Wilkes Station during the International Geophysical Year.[1] | 1946 |
Give me a list of the five most recent NBA champions. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Give me a list of the five most recent NBA champions.
### Response:
| 1. Golden State Warriors (2022)
2. Milwaukee Bucks (2021)
3. Los Angeles Lakers (2020)
4. Toronto Raptors (2019)
5. Golden State Warriors (2018) | |
Which of the following items is the odd one out? Pacific, Atlantic, Baltic and Indian | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which of the following items is the odd one out? Pacific, Atlantic, Baltic and Indian
### Response:
| Pacific, Atlantic and Indian are all oceans. Therefore, Baltic is the odd one out as it is a sea. | |
Why do people like to ski? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why do people like to ski?
### Response:
| Skiing is a fun outdoor sport that can be enjoyed solo or with friends or family. Skiing is relatively low impact, so that people can ski for many years. It is a great all-ages activity. Most mountains have varied terrain, so you can choose how beginner or advanced you'd like to ski each time you go. People who ski love the exercise they get from it and the thrill of sliding down the mountain. Unlike most sledding, while skiing, you have a chair lift that takes you up the hill, so you don't have to waste time or energy hiking up for your next run. | |
What happens when you meditate? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What happens when you meditate?
### Response:
| The art of meditation has a long prolonged positive effect on human behaviour and thinking. The mind is equated to a jumping monkey that doesn't remain quiet. The restlessness that it builds can lead to health issues and sometimes uncontrollable behaviour. In general, meditation is to calm the mind and becoming the spectator or observer of the thoughts that rise in your consciousness.
Now, let's break it down further ...
It first starts with understanding of the 'self' which can be equated to mind in loose terms. Experiences happen to you in your waking state and the mind first starts labelling things. Negative experiences are profoundly deep rooted then positive ones. All these experiences gradually defines how you react to situations that shapes your individual personality. Do you know that there is a spectator within your mind more like a dual personality? it is the subject - object thing. The spectator within you is the observer of things and is often neutral.
Idea of meditation is to remain a spectator for long periods of time and let fewer and fewer thoughts arise into your conscious state. At the end it leaves you a with a sense of accomplishment because as a spectator you're waiting and this deliberate attempt makes the thought (referred as devil) disappear. | |
Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health
### Response:
| 1) Vitamin D
2) Omega-3 Fish Oil
3) Creatine Monohydrate
4) Multi-vitamin
*Disclaimer - there are countless other supplements available; however, decades of research seems to have formed a consensus on the efficacy of these | |
What is the Oakland Ski Club? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the Oakland Ski Club?
### Response:
| The Oakland Ski Club (aka OSC) is a private membership club in Soda Springs, CA. Prospective members apply and require sponsorship from existing members and Board approval in order to be considered for membership. Members may reserve rooms at the OSC’s lodge, which are popular in the winter when a caretaker prepares meals. The lodge is located within walking distance of Sugar Bowl and Royal Gorge and a short drive from Palisades and Northstar resorts. | |
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenacanthus, Seal | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenacanthus, Seal
### Response:
| Seal is alive, Xenacanthus is extinct. | |
How long do bears hibernate? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How long do bears hibernate?
### Input:
Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 day
### Response:
| Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 day | Bears can hibernate up to 100 days in their dens during the winter |
What form of government is the United Kingdom? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What form of government is the United Kingdom?
### Response:
| The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy | |
What is the standard loft of a pitching wedge in golf? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the standard loft of a pitching wedge in golf?
### Response:
| While technology has continued to impact golf club manufacturing, decreasing the standard loft of all clubs, today's standard pitching wedges have a range of 45-48 degrees of loft. | |
What is Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA)? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA)?
### Response:
| The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a gene editing technology that allows for precise modification of the DNA sequence of a genome. Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA) enables researchers to selectively activate a specific gene within a genome by targeting specific sequences of DNA and inducing the expression of the desired gene.
TASCA can be used in a variety of applications, such as gene therapy, drug discovery, and basic research on gene function. It offers a powerful tool for studying the role of specific genes in cellular processes and disease states. | |
What is a lepton? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is a lepton?
### Response:
| A lepton is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak force and has a half-integer spin. Examples of leptons include the electron, muon and tau particles and their corresponding neutrinos - the electron neutrino, the muon neutron and the tau neutrino. | |
Can dogs look up? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can dogs look up?
### Response:
| Despite what the character "Big Al" in the 2004 Horror Comedy "Shaun of the Dead" thought, dogs can, indeed, look up. The film is responsible for perpetuating the myth even though in context the quote is meant to throw doubt on the validity of anything that "Big Al" says. | |
Give me some great quotes about surviving in the wild. | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Give me some great quotes about surviving in the wild.
### Response:
| Some memorable quotes about survival include:
"If you live among wolves you have to act like a wolf." - Nikita Khrushchev;
"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately… and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.” - Henry David Thoreau:
"Hunger, love, pain, fear are some of those inner forces which rule the individual’s instinct for self-preservation.” - Albert Einstein;
"Extraordinary people survive under the most terrible circumstances and they become more extraordinary because of it.” - Robertson Davies;
"If quick, I survive. If not quick, I am lost. This is ‘death.'" - Sun Tzu and;
"Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don’t have the strength.” - Theodore Roosevelt. | |
What are the best camps ideas for kids? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the best camps ideas for kids?
### Response:
| Kids camps cover many different activities, depending on the season, and the age of the children attending. Here are some fun camp ideas, that most kids will enjoy:
1. Sports camp - kids play different sports every day
2. Art camp - kids get a chance to use different materials to be creative
3. Sailing camp - if the child loves the water, sailing is a great activity to learn
4. Math & Reading camp - this might sound like school, but reading and math can be fun too, and specialized camps try to gamify these foundational academic skills
5. Adventure camp - give kids some freedom and a taste of the outdoors, adventure camps tend to involve hiking, kayaking or canoeing, exploring, and learning about the natural environment | |
if you have 2 ducks in front of a duck and 2 ducks behind a duck in a row, minimum how many ducks you have? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
if you have 2 ducks in front of a duck and 2 ducks behind a duck in a row, minimum how many ducks you have?
### Response:
| The answer would be 3 as you can have this setup with a minimum of 3 ducks. | |
What are the main disadvantages of electric cars versus combustion engine vehicles? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the main disadvantages of electric cars versus combustion engine vehicles?
### Response:
| Over the past few years, electric vehicles have gained traction amongst the public for different reasons. There are though, some challenges, that can reduce the speed of adoption. The following are some of the concerns associated with electric vehicles:
1. Higher upfront cost: Electric cars are generally more expensive to acquire than gasoline-powered cars, although this gap is narrowing. But, electric vehicles are typically cheaper to run and maintain. At this stage, they have achieved parity for the total cost of ownership.
2. Increased charging times: New electric cars can get to 80% of their range in less than half an hour when using fast charging stations, but that still slower than their combustion engine counterparts and many charging stations have lower speeds.
3. Limited charging infrastructure: Despite the expansion of electric vehicle charging facilities, their availability remains less extensive than that of gas stations. Consequently, careful trip planning may be necessary to guarantee access to charging stations when required.
4. Less range: New electric cars typically have a range of around 230-320 miles, which is still less than most of the combustion engine vehicles.
5. Reduced number of options: Given the relatively new interest from car manufacturers, fewer alternatives are available for individual use cases. It should still take a few years before the offering is similar. | |
Who developed calculus and when was it discovered? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who developed calculus and when was it discovered?
### Response:
| Calculus was discovered in the late 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz. Calculus is also required curriculum in most colleges and high schools if you study mathematics or physics. Calculus deals with two main concepts - integration and differentiation. These concepts and formulas in calculus help us understand rates of changes, and areas with respect to time. | |
Which is a species of fish? Pleco or Place | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Which is a species of fish? Pleco or Place
### Response:
| Pleco | |
Is there any benefit to pain? | Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Is there any benefit to pain?
### Input:
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."[1]
Pain motivates us to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future.[2] Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.[3]
### Response:
| Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."[1]
Pain motivates us to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future.[2] Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.[3] | Pain helps us withdraw from further severe damage to body |
Who was the president of China before Xi? | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who was the president of China before Xi?
### Response:
| It's Jingtao Hu. He was the president of China from 2003 to 2013. | |
Write a concise and somewhat funny email about making a betting pool for the 2023 Masters golf tournament | Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a concise and somewhat funny email about making a betting pool for the 2023 Masters golf tournament
### Response:
| From: Me
To: Friend
Subject: 2023 Masters Betting Pool
Hi Closest Friends,
April has arrived, the Easter Bunny is coming and although the azaleas have all died from blooming too early and then freezing, the Masters will go on!
It should be an eventful year with Tiger (aka the GOAT) making his return, Koepka coming off a huge win on the LIV tour, the incredible golf program that is University of Florida (aka Billy Horschel) looking for their first Masters champion, and many more. We plan on having the 101st annual Master's draft on Tuesday around 10PM EST.
See you there. Cheers!
- Me |
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