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instruction stringlengths 4 924	prompt stringlengths 144 1.4k	input stringlengths 0 1.16k	output stringlengths 1 10.7k
When was the last flight of Concorde?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the last flight of Concorde? ### Response:		On 26 November 2003
Who introduced primogeniture into East Frisia?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who introduced primogeniture into East Frisia? ### Input: Johan I of East Frisia (1506–1572) was a member of the house of Cirksena and a non-reigning Count of East Frisia and later imperial governor of Limburg. His father, Edzard the Great, had introduced primogeniture in the county of East Frisia, so that his older brother Enno II of East Frisia inherited the county alone and he had to hold back. Despite his ambitions, he always acknowledged his brother's rights and did not dispute the inheritance. ### Response:	Johan I of East Frisia (1506–1572) was a member of the house of Cirksena and a non-reigning Count of East Frisia and later imperial governor of Limburg. His father, Edzard the Great, had introduced primogeniture in the county of East Frisia, so that his older brother Enno II of East Frisia inherited the county alone and he had to hold back. Despite his ambitions, he always acknowledged his brother's rights and did not dispute the inheritance.	Edzard the Great
Give me a list of some American states which border Mexico	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a list of some American states which border Mexico ### Response:		California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas all border Mexico
Which TV show features a team of teenagers that power up with powers given to them by Zordon to save the world from monsters?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which TV show features a team of teenagers that power up with powers given to them by Zordon to save the world from monsters? ### Response:		The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
When did Felix Luna die?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Felix Luna die? ### Input: Félix César Luna (30 September 1925 – 5 November 2009) was an Argentine writer, lyricist and historian. ### Response:	Félix César Luna (30 September 1925 – 5 November 2009) was an Argentine writer, lyricist and historian.	Felix Luna died on November 5th, 2009
How to travel from Hamburg to Munich?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How to travel from Hamburg to Munich? ### Response:		There are several options to travel from Hamburg to Munich in Germany. Flying is the quickest way to travel between the two cities, there are direct connections with a flight time of around 1 hour 15 minutes. However it can also be the most expensive option and has a high carbon emission. Going by train takes about 6 hours, has less carbon emission and can be a cheaper option. You can also drive by car, the distance is about 800 kilometres and takes around 8 hours.
Why Indians are so beautiful	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why Indians are so beautiful ### Response:		Indians have many culture and the color of Asian subcontinent skin is makes them looks exceptional. Indian are Vibrant
Who is considered the G.O.A.T. in basketball?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is considered the G.O.A.T. in basketball? ### Response:		Michael Jordan, Lebron James, Kobe Bryant
Is tempeh a vegetarian food?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is tempeh a vegetarian food? ### Response:		Yes, tempeh is a plant based food
Give me a list of the past five United Kingdom Prime Ministers	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a list of the past five United Kingdom Prime Ministers ### Response:		The last five UK Prime Ministers, including the current are: 1. Rishi Sunak (since 2022) 2. Elizabeth Truss (2022) 3. Boris Johnson (2019-2022) 4. Theresa May (2016-2019) 5. David Cameron (2010-2016)
What is C++?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is C++? ### Response:		C++ (pronounced "C plus plus") is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM.
Can you tell me the root of these language? Hebrew. English, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Arabic, Farsi, Italian	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Can you tell me the root of these language? Hebrew. English, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Arabic, Farsi, Italian ### Response:		Yes sure! Hebrew root is Northwest Semitic language English is of Germanic origins Spanish is of Latin origins Portuguese is of Latin origins Romanian is of Latin origins Arabic is a Semitic language Farsi is of west Iranian origins Italian is of Latin origins
What is an enzyme inhibitor?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an enzyme inhibitor? ### Response:		An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme's active site, or another site on the enzyme, and blocks the enzyme's catalysis of the reaction. Enzyme inhibitors are generally specific to one enzyme and control that enzyme's activity. They also control essential enzymes such as proteases or nucleases that, if left unchecked, may damage a cell. Many poisons produced by animals or plants are enzyme inhibitors, and many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit an aberrant human enzyme or an enzyme critical for the survival of a pathogen. Since anti-pathogen inhibitors generally target only one enzyme, such drugs are highly specific and generally produce few side effects in humans. Medicinal enzyme inhibitors often have low dissociation constants, meaning a minute amount of the inhibitor will inhibit the enzyme. The discovery of enzyme inhibitors and their refinement are researched in biochemistry and pharmacology.
Should we continue to use Daylight savings?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Should we continue to use Daylight savings? ### Response:		While it is hard for our bodies to adjust to and oftentimes inconvenient, daylight savings time should be maintained in the USA as it saves energy, money, and lives. Daylight savings, though sometimes disrupting, helps to limit the energy wasted by Americans during the summer months. Source A reveals that, beginning in the USA in 1918, daylight saving time was originally a way to reduce energy usage during World War I. While it was repealed shortly thereafter, daylight savings was again suggested by President Roosevelt during World War II. Though inconvenient, Americans did take notice of the benefits: saving money on energy. The continued testing of daylight savings’ effects on Americans lasted through the 20th century and was written into law in 2005. Despite the skepticism from Americans over the potential drawbacks of daylight saving, the reaped benefits of saved energy and money mutually benefited the American government, economy, and citizens, all of which are still benefitting today. The ability to save unnecessary energy now benefit’s the American economy in the long run. In Source B, Longley cites a 1970s study by the U.S. Department of Transportation, which revealed that while daylight savings is in effect, America's electricity consumption is reduced by about one percent. Reducing one percent of America’s energy consumption would save Americans money. Also in Source B is the proposal for a provision to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which would extend daylight savings an extra month and would allow oil drilling in Alaska, both of which would boost the American economy. The extension of daylight savings would overall save more money than it would spend. Despite the beneficial economic aspects of daylight saving, many dislike the time change because it affects their body schedules and daily routines. Source E claims that when the clock is moved forward or back, the body’s internal clock cannot adjust so quickly, leading to restlessness, sleep disruption, and shorter sleeping periods. The time change has also been found to link with increased heart attacks, suicides, and accidents. While the body’s internal clock may take a longer time to adjust to daylight savings time, it doesn’t outweigh the economic benefits the USA gains as a whole. Source E cites a study of 55,000 people whose sleep schedules were tracked after the time change, claiming that the subjects tended to sleep on standard time rather than daylight time, not taking into account the potential variables of age, weekend events or activities, or even the body’s natural reaction to wake up at a certain time. The study also reveals no harmful effects of the difference between sleeping on standard versus daylight savings time. While Source E argued that daylight savings time had more dangerous effects on people than remaining on standard time, daylight savings time can actually benefit people’s safety. In Source C, a cited study by the U.S. Department of Transportation found that during daylight saving time, there was a severe reduction in crime by ten to thirteen percent. By changing the clocks and altering the amount of sunlight during the day, people were generally less likely to become involved in any street crime taking place. The Department of Transportation also found that daylight savings time helped to increase traffic safety, as the clocks were altered to match the periods of daylight, causing fewer accidents. Daylight savings overall led to safer daily activities, while still saving money and energy. Daylight savings has been long disputed over: should we inconvenience ourselves just to save a little energy? Despite many people’s dislike of the changing times, daylight savings is generally beneficial to America, as it saves energy, reduces energy costs and bills for Americans, and creates a safer environment for people to live in. Daylight savings time should be continued as it ultimately benefits the American public as a whole.
Give me a bulleted list of reasons why Lionel Messi is the best soccer player of all time.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of reasons why Lionel Messi is the best soccer player of all time. ### Response:		The following are reasons why Lionel Messi is the best soccer player: 1. He has won 7 Ballon d'Or awards 2. He has won 4 Champions League titles 3. He won the World Cup 4. He won the Copa America 5. He has over 800 goals and over 300 assists in his career
What are some examples of a woodwind instrument?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some examples of a woodwind instrument? ### Response:		Some examples of woodwind instruments include flute, clarinet, and oboe.
What is JSON?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is JSON? ### Response:		JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is a common data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.
What's the largest bird in the world?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What's the largest bird in the world? ### Response:		Ostrich
What are the official languages of Canada?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the official languages of Canada? ### Response:		The official languages of Canada are English and French.
How do I change a light bulb?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do I change a light bulb? ### Response:		In order to change a light bulb, you will first need to find a replacement. Make sure to disable power to the bulb before removing or installing it. You can find the size, type, and wattage written on the bulb you are trying to replace. If the information isn't on the bulb, you can take the bulb with you to the store to help you match it to a replacement. Remove the dead bulb and install the replacement. Then restore power to the bulb to test it.
How should I choose what cheese to buy?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How should I choose what cheese to buy? ### Response:		There are many different types of cheese, so choosing what cheese to buy depends on personal preference, availability, and intended use. Washed-rind cheeses are often strongly flavored and runny so are best as a topping for bread or crackers. Harder cheeses can be eaten as a snack or grated on top of pasta.
Which of the following wars took place in the twentieth century: World War II, American Revolution, French Revolution, Hundred Years War, and the Vietnam War?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which of the following wars took place in the twentieth century: World War II, American Revolution, French Revolution, Hundred Years War, and the Vietnam War? ### Response:		World War II and the Vietnam war took place in the twentieth century.
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Zill, Epinette des Vosges	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Zill, Epinette des Vosges ### Response:		Epinette des Vosges is string, Zill is percussion.
Why do i see a dark section near the CD Drive ring, when looked from a tilted angle?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do i see a dark section near the CD Drive ring, when looked from a tilted angle? ### Response:		Those darker regions closer to the ring lock on CD Drive are an indication of how much of the CD Drive space is written with data. CD Drive has sectors and the rpm of the CD drive Optical Reader will read these sectors and show it into the file system of the operating system you are using. The dark section does not necessarily show how much is available space but can be an indicator of if the CD drive is empty
Tell me about toys that can help children learn to write.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me about toys that can help children learn to write. ### Response:		Toys that help children learn to write typically involve increasing their hand strength and gross motor skills: toys such as play-doh and blocks increase hand strength. Also, practicing writing letters in sand prepares them for the motion of writing.
Classify the celebrities based on whether they were born in 1990 or 1991. Emma Watson, Jennifer Lawrence, Ed Sheeran, Charlie Puth	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify the celebrities based on whether they were born in 1990 or 1991. Emma Watson, Jennifer Lawrence, Ed Sheeran, Charlie Puth ### Response:		Born in 1990 - Emma Watson, Jennifer Lawrence Born in 1991 - Ed Sheeran, Charlie Puth
What makes a good cocktail?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What makes a good cocktail? ### Response:		There are many elements to a good cocktail, and these can often be modified to fit individual tastes. In general, a cocktail contains a base spirit, flavors from bitters or amaros, and something to sweeten. There are optional ingredients to add as well, like fruit, juice, or herbs. The amount of each ingredient can vary the flavor significantly, so it is important to understand the impact of each ingredient. For example, very strong flavors like bitters or absinthe should be used in very small quantities. Sometimes even a rinse in the cocktail glass or spritz on the top of the prepared cocktail is enough to add the desired amount of flavor. A good cocktail comes about from a balance in flavors that build and develop off one another. The deep wooden flavor in whiskey is brightened by the citrus twist of an old fashioned. The sweetness from pineapple juice is deepened by the bitterness of campari in a jungle bird. The bitterness of ginger syrup is balanced with the tartness of lemon juice in a penicillin. Many newer cocktails are spins off a classic. Each builds off a flavor profile and modifies some of the more subtle flavors therein. If one wants to experiment with creating a new cocktail, starting with a classic favorite could be a good place to start. It is also possible to create the same balanced flavors without the use of spirits (or with the use of alcohol free spirits).
Is organic food healthier?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is organic food healthier? ### Response:		Whether a food is organic or not does not change the nutritional value of those foods. The idea that organic food is healthier than non organic food can be supported by the premise that potential chemicals or pesticides found in or non organic food are harmful and therefore unhealthy.
Tell me whether these athletes play or have played in the National Football League (NFL) or the National Basketball Association (NBA): Kobe Bryant, Kawhi Leonard, LeBron James, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me whether these athletes play or have played in the National Football League (NFL) or the National Basketball Association (NBA): Kobe Bryant, Kawhi Leonard, LeBron James, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan ### Response:		National Basketball Association (NBA)
What's the different between a plantain and a banana?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What's the different between a plantain and a banana? ### Response:		Plantains are a type of banana, which are a family edible fruits from the genus Musa. In the West, "bananas" refer the sweet, yellow type. Plantains are a starchy variety that are typically cooked.
Who won the 2016 Nobel Prize?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who won the 2016 Nobel Prize? ### Input: The word "autophagy" was in existence and frequently used from the middle of the 19th century.[11] In its present usage, the term autophagy was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963 based on his discovery of the functions of lysosome.[3] The identification of autophagy-related genes in yeast in the 1990s allowed researchers to deduce the mechanisms of autophagy,[12][13][14][15][16] which eventually led to the award of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.[17] ### Response:	The word "autophagy" was in existence and frequently used from the middle of the 19th century.[11] In its present usage, the term autophagy was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963 based on his discovery of the functions of lysosome.[3] The identification of autophagy-related genes in yeast in the 1990s allowed researchers to deduce the mechanisms of autophagy,[12][13][14][15][16] which eventually led to the award of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.[17]	The Japanese researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi.
What is the difference in the US between a stop sign and a traffic light?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference in the US between a stop sign and a traffic light? ### Response:		A stop sign is a red, eight-sided metal sign that requires a driver to stop and then proceed when it is safe to do so. Many intersections have either two or four stop signs. When more than one car arrives at the intersection, the car that arrived first has the right of way. If more than one car arrives at the same time, then the car to the right has the right of way. An electric traffic light typically has three different signals: red indicates drivers should stop until the light changes; a yellow light indicates that the driver should stop if it is safe to do so because the signal is changing from red to green; and a green light means that drivers may proceed through the intersection without stopping.
Unicorns, sharks, dragons, pythons, minotaurs, alligators, platypuses and griffins. Which of these creatures are real, and which are imaginary?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Unicorns, sharks, dragons, pythons, minotaurs, alligators, platypuses and griffins. Which of these creatures are real, and which are imaginary? ### Response:		Sharks, pythons, alligators and platypuses are all real creatures. Unicorns, dragons, minotaurs and griffins are all imaginary creatures.
What is JavaScript?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is JavaScript? ### Response:		JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.
Can you suggest 3 disadvantages of Genetic modification technologies like CRISPR ?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Can you suggest 3 disadvantages of Genetic modification technologies like CRISPR ? ### Response:		1.Uncontrollable mutations 2.Uncontrollable population growth 3.Strong ethical concerns about discrimination
Tell me which of these countries has more than 1 billion populations: Japan, Canada, United States, Russia	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me which of these countries has more than 1 billion populations: Japan, Canada, United States, Russia ### Response:		None of these
When was Heineken founded?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was Heineken founded? ### Response:		Heineken was founded on February 15th 1864 in Amsterdam. Heineken is a well know beer brand.
What is fractional-reserve banking?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is fractional-reserve banking? ### Response:		Fractional-reserve banking is the system of banking operating in almost all countries worldwide, under which banks that take deposits from the public are required to hold a proportion of their deposit liabilities in liquid assets as a reserve, and are at liberty to lend the remainder to borrowers. Bank reserves are held as cash in the bank or as balances in the bank's account at the central bank. The country's central bank determines the minimum amount that banks must hold in liquid assets, called the "reserve requirement" or "reserve ratio". Most commercial banks hold more than this minimum amount as excess reserves. Bank deposits are usually of a relatively short-term duration, and may be "at call", while loans made by banks tend to be longer-term, resulting in a risk that customers may at any time collectively wish to withdraw cash out of their accounts in excess of the bank reserves. The reserves only provide liquidity to cover withdrawals within the normal pattern. Banks and the central bank expect that in normal circumstances only a proportion of deposits will be withdrawn at the same time, and that reserves will be sufficient to meet the demand for cash. However, banks may find themselves in a shortfall situation when depositors wish to withdraw more funds than the reserves held by the bank. In that event, the bank experiencing the liquidity shortfall may borrow short-term funds in the interbank lending market from banks with a surplus. In exceptional situations, such as during an unexpected bank run, the central bank may provide funds to cover the short-term shortfall as lender of last resort.
give me a bulleted list of ways to get to the other side of a lake.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: give me a bulleted list of ways to get to the other side of a lake. ### Response:		- walk across the suspension bridge hovering over the lake - swim across the lake - if you are a scorpion, hitch a ride on a frogs back and behave - canoe across the lake - drive around the lake and reach the other side - zip line across the lake - skate across the lake in the winter when the lake is frozen - water ski across the lake - lay on a float and hope you end up on the other side of the lake - drain the lake and walk across on the lake bed - take a ferry across the lake - scuba dive across the lake
What are the best Classic Rock bands?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the best Classic Rock bands? ### Response:		While subjective, most Classic Rocks fans would all agree that Led Zeppelin, The Who, Pink Floyd, Cream, The Doors, Queen, The Rolling Stones, Yes, Jimi Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane, The Moody Blues and Allman Brothers would all make the list. There are many others like the Beatles and Grateful Dead etc that might be considered Classic Rock but also fall in other genres.