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instruction stringlengths 4 924	prompt stringlengths 144 1.4k	input stringlengths 0 1.16k	output stringlengths 1 10.7k
What is the best way to file California State Tax for Spouse Abroad in community property jurisdiction countries like China? The goal is to minimize the tax for community property income.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the best way to file California State Tax for Spouse Abroad in community property jurisdiction countries like China? The goal is to minimize the tax for community property income. ### Response:		For resident spouse in California (CA) and non-resident spouse living and working in China, you can file Federal tax jointly and California state tax separately to minimize the community property income. But since both the California state and China are community property jurisdiction, only 50% of the non-resident spouse's income can be exempt from CA state tax, i.e. 100% of the resident spouse's California source income needs to be filed (50% in resident's form 540, and another 50% in non-resident's form 540NR), and 50% of non-resident spouse's foreign income needs to be filed in resident's Form 540. Note that Foreign Tax Credit or Exemption cannot be applied to state tax like federal tax.
What is a snowman?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a snowman? ### Response:		A snowman is a replica of a human made from snow, typically by stacking three large balls of snow on top of each other. The top ball represents the head, the middle ball is the body and the lower ball are the lower extremities of the snowman. Often, a snowman will have sticks for arms and a carrot for a nose.
What is Linux?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Linux? ### Response:		Linux is an open-source UNIX-like operating system initially developed by Linus Torvalds and now with thousands of contributors around the world. Linux is actually the operating system kernel and the other components necessary to form an operating system are coming from other open source projects and in particular the GNU project. For this reason, the operating system is sometimes referred to as GNU/Linux.
What is the best way to answer an interview question?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the best way to answer an interview question? ### Response:		The first recommended step is to ask clarifying questions to ensure you understand the question correctly and gather the requirements needed to answer effectively. If it is a mathematical or computer science question, go ahead and work your way through the problem while you verbalize your thought process along the way. If it is a situation question, you should use the STAR method. 1. Situation - set the scene and provide context, 2. Task - describe what was needed to be done and why, 3. Action - explain what action you took, and 4. Result - describe the result of your actions and what you learned from the experience
What is the Bastille Day?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Bastille Day? ### Input: Bastille Day is the common name given in English-speaking countries to the national day of France, which is celebrated on 14 July each year. In French, it is formally called the Fête nationale française (French: [fɛt nasjɔnal]; "French National Celebration"); legally it is known as le 14 juillet (French: [lə katɔʁz(ə) ʒɥijɛ]; "the 14th of July").[3] ### Response:	Bastille Day is the common name given in English-speaking countries to the national day of France, which is celebrated on 14 July each year. In French, it is formally called the Fête nationale française (French: [fɛt nasjɔnal]; "French National Celebration"); legally it is known as le 14 juillet (French: [lə katɔʁz(ə) ʒɥijɛ]; "the 14th of July").[3]	Bastille Day is the national day in France, celebrated on 14 July each year. It refers to a major event in the French Revolution on 4 July 1789 where revolutionary insurgents took control of the Bastille, the symbol of royal authority and monarchy in the center of Paris.
Why is March 14th Pi day?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is March 14th Pi day? ### Response:		The number Pi is 3.14159265... and so on. The first three numbers, 3.14, correspond with the 14th of March in the American calendar notation, with March being the third month.
Which player has won the most Superbowls?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which player has won the most Superbowls? ### Response:		Tom Brady
Where is Michael Phelps from?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is Michael Phelps from? ### Response:		Baltimore, Maryland
The music room contains the following instruments: Drums, Violin, Cello, Gong, Viola, Xylophone, Guitar, Ukelele and Piano. You need to put percussion on the left hand side and strings on the right. First, group the instruments into percussion and strings.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The music room contains the following instruments: Drums, Violin, Cello, Gong, Viola, Xylophone, Guitar, Ukelele and Piano. You need to put percussion on the left hand side and strings on the right. First, group the instruments into percussion and strings. ### Response:		Violin, Cello, Viola, Guitar, Ukelele are string instruments. Piano, Xylophone, Drums, Gong are percussion instruments.
Give me a bulleted list of the 5 top-grossing movies of all times.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the 5 top-grossing movies of all times. ### Response:		1 - Avatar 2 - Avengers: Endgame 3 - Avatar: The Way of Water 4 - Titanic 5 - Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens
Classify the following drinks as alcoholic or non-alcoholic: Bourbon, Whiskey, Vodka, Lemonade, Iced Tea	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify the following drinks as alcoholic or non-alcoholic: Bourbon, Whiskey, Vodka, Lemonade, Iced Tea ### Response:		Bourbon: Alcoholic Whiskey: Alcoholic Vodka: Alcoholic Lemonade: Non-Alcoholic Iced Tea: Non-Alcoholic
What is the pattern in this sequence and what is the next number: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the pattern in this sequence and what is the next number: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 ### Response:		In this sequence the pattern is that each number is the sum of the two previous numbers. Therefore the next number in this sequence is 21.
Tell me which of the following are science fiction TV shows: Lost, The X-Files, The Mandalorian, Millennium, Game of Thrones.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me which of the following are science fiction TV shows: Lost, The X-Files, The Mandalorian, Millennium, Game of Thrones. ### Response:		All except Game of Thrones are classified as science fiction. Game of Thrones is considered high fantasy.
Write a haiku about a naughty cat.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Write a haiku about a naughty cat. ### Response:		Paws on the counter My glass crashes to the floor My cat is naughty
What are the key components to landscaping?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the key components to landscaping? ### Input: Landscaping requires both study and observation, and the process varies in different parts of the world. Landscaping varies according to different regions. Therefore, normally local natural experts are recommended if it is done for the first time. Understanding of the site is one of the chief essentials for successful landscaping. Different natural features and phenomena, like the position of the Sun, terrain, topography, soil qualities, prevailing winds, depth of the frost line, and the system of native flora and fauna must be taken into account ### Response:	Landscaping requires both study and observation, and the process varies in different parts of the world. Landscaping varies according to different regions. Therefore, normally local natural experts are recommended if it is done for the first time. Understanding of the site is one of the chief essentials for successful landscaping. Different natural features and phenomena, like the position of the Sun, terrain, topography, soil qualities, prevailing winds, depth of the frost line, and the system of native flora and fauna must be taken into account	Landscaping is a blend of art and science. In order to be a proficient landscaper, one must scientifically understand which types of plants react to which types of elements and conditions. In order to create a thriving landscape, the science must make sense amongst these elements for the ecosystem to thrive. Landscaping is also artistic in the sense of creating something that fits into the surroundings and is pleasing to the eye. The best landscapers understand the science and also have an artistic ability to express beauty.
Why does my chicken create so much liquid when cooked in the skillet?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why does my chicken create so much liquid when cooked in the skillet? ### Response:		Once you dice up your chicken and pop it into the skillet, try to leave it undisturbed for 3-4 minutes while it cooks. Once browned on that side, flip it and do not disturb it again until the other side is browned. This will help reduce the amount of liquid created in your skillet. If you do end up with too much liquid, and you want to reduce it due to seasonings and flavor that may be present, you can take the chicken out and put it on a plate. This will allow you not to overcook the chicken but also reduce the liquid left in the skillet and intensify the flavor that is left.
How does manufacturing analytics improve production?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does manufacturing analytics improve production? ### Response:		Manufacturers often used data-driven techniques such as Six Sigma to improve manufacturing performance. Through the continual aggregation of manufacturing data, analytics can be developed to baseline machine performance and determine anomalous behavior in order to address product quality and machine maintenance issues. Data and analytics are key to improving production metrics in repeatable manner.
Who is the greatest tennis player of all time?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the greatest tennis player of all time? ### Response:		In the modern era and based on total titles and the overall impact on the game, both Serena Williams and Roger Federer as considered the greatest player of this generation
Classify each of the following as being opaque or transparent: Window, wall, lens, glass, wood, cement	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify each of the following as being opaque or transparent: Window, wall, lens, glass, wood, cement ### Response:		Window: Transparent Wall: Opaque Lens: Transparent Glass: Transparent Wood: Opaque Cement: Opaque
Where did Danny Dayton graduated from?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where did Danny Dayton graduated from? ### Input: Danny Dayton (born Daniel David Segall, November 20, 1923 – February 6, 1999) was an American actor and television director. Beginning in the 1950s, he played many roles in film and on TV. He had a recurring role as Hank Pivnik on All in the Family and had guest roles in MAS*H, The Incredible Hulk, Charlie's Angels and The Love Boat. Dayton graduated from the school of journalism at New York University, before turning to acting.[1] In addition to acting, Dayton also directed episodes of Occasional Wife, Here's Lucy, and the short-lived series Good Morning World. On February 6, 1999, Dayton died of emphysema in Los Angeles, California.[1] ### Response:	Danny Dayton (born Daniel David Segall, November 20, 1923 – February 6, 1999) was an American actor and television director. Beginning in the 1950s, he played many roles in film and on TV. He had a recurring role as Hank Pivnik on All in the Family and had guest roles in MAS*H, The Incredible Hulk, Charlie's Angels and The Love Boat. Dayton graduated from the school of journalism at New York University, before turning to acting.[1] In addition to acting, Dayton also directed episodes of Occasional Wife, Here's Lucy, and the short-lived series Good Morning World. On February 6, 1999, Dayton died of emphysema in Los Angeles, California.[1]	Danny Dayton graduated from the school of journalism at New York University.
What should I do if I'm feeling depressed?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should I do if I'm feeling depressed? ### Response:		It's completely normal to feel depressed from time to time. Life is hard, and sometimes it just seems meaningless. One thing you can do in this situation is to try something new that you haven't done before, like taking a walk in a neighborhood where you haven't been, hang out with a friend that you haven't talked to for awhile, taking a vacation and traveling to somewhere new, or even just reading a new book or watching a new movie. New experiences can give you new perspectives in unexpected ways.
Give me a two sentence summary of the following text: "A Venn diagram illustrates the relationships between two or more data sets. Venn diagrams are especially useful for highlighting similarities and differences and are commonly used to compare and contrast the characteristics of different data sets. In a Venn diagram, circles are used to represent each data set. Inside each circle is a list of characteristics that define that data. Characteristics shared between two or more data sets are listed in the area where the circles overlap. Simple Venn diagrams consist of two overlapping circles, but complex Venn diagrams may compare up to five or more data sets using up to five or more circles. Venn diagrams are commonly used in business and education settings to visualize and explore how things relate. In a business context, Venn diagrams are commonly used in product development, marketing, management, and more."	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a two sentence summary of the following text: "A Venn diagram illustrates the relationships between two or more data sets. Venn diagrams are especially useful for highlighting similarities and differences and are commonly used to compare and contrast the characteristics of different data sets. In a Venn diagram, circles are used to represent each data set. Inside each circle is a list of characteristics that define that data. Characteristics shared between two or more data sets are listed in the area where the circles overlap. Simple Venn diagrams consist of two overlapping circles, but complex Venn diagrams may compare up to five or more data sets using up to five or more circles. Venn diagrams are commonly used in business and education settings to visualize and explore how things relate. In a business context, Venn diagrams are commonly used in product development, marketing, management, and more." ### Response:		A Venn diagram is a commonly used type of diagram in business and education to illustrate similarities and differences between (at least) two datasets. In Venn diagrams, there are normally two slightly overlapping circles which represent two different datasets and the intersection of these circles contain characteristics of the similarities between the datasets and the symmetric difference of these circles contains the differences between these two datasets.
What is the 2nd amendment of the US constitution? Is it misunderstood?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 2nd amendment of the US constitution? Is it misunderstood? ### Response:		The 2nd amendment of the US constitution relates to the right to bear arms. The exact text, from the web, is "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." This is a contentious law given that guns are a tool of violence. And this amendment is touted by citizens of the US that want to buy and keep guns. For me, the interesting part, often overlooked, is the preamble that a well regulated militia is necessary for the security of a free State. This may have been relevant to all people in the 18th century. Today, we already have that "militia". All law officers and soldiers make up that militia. The armed forces are well regulated and are tasked with protecting the nation. We, the US, have the best military in the world. So it is not necessary for any Tom, Dick, or Harry, without training or national perspective, to take up arms. Especially when the process itself is getting more unregulated. Gun control is necessary and not precluded by the 2nd amendment. Safety of all citizens is indeed mandated by the constitution.
What are some benefits of running?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some benefits of running? ### Response:		Running has many benefits for body and mind. Some benefits are: 1. Improves cardiovascular health: running strengthens your heard by enabling it to pump more blood volume per beat, and your lungs become more capable of taking in more air per breath. 2. Increases bone density: high impact exercises, like running, place stress on bones that strengthens their structure 3. Reduces stress: running can reduce the stress hormone, cortisol 4. Improves your mood: running helps boost your mood, concentration, and overall quality of life 5. Improves sleep: cardio exercises, such as running, can help you fall asleep faster and improve overall sleep quality 6. Burns calories: running is metabolically demanding and burns a lot of calories
Who was the original lead singer of the band Linkin Park?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who was the original lead singer of the band Linkin Park? ### Response:		Chester Bennington was one of the original lead singers of Linkin Park.
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mirwas, Esraj	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mirwas, Esraj ### Response:		Esraj is string, Mirwas is percussion.
What is the capital of Kansas?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the capital of Kansas? ### Response:		Topeka is the capital of Kansas
What are the interesting facts about Shakespeare?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the interesting facts about Shakespeare? ### Response:		- Shakespeare's father made gloves for a living. - Shakespeare had seven siblings. - Shakespeare married an older, pregnant lady at 18. - Shakespeare was an actor, as well as a writer.
Which of these are capitals of states in USA: Richmond, San Diego, San Francisco, Sacramento, New orleans, New York, Seattle, Carson City, Portland, Jamaica City, Salem, San louis obispo, Trenton, Bellevue, Redmond, Renton, Kirkland	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which of these are capitals of states in USA: Richmond, San Diego, San Francisco, Sacramento, New orleans, New York, Seattle, Carson City, Portland, Jamaica City, Salem, San louis obispo, Trenton, Bellevue, Redmond, Renton, Kirkland ### Response:		Richmond, Sacramento, Carson city, Salem and Trenton are all state capitals.
How do you play chess?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do you play chess? ### Response:		Chess is a two-person board game, where the objective of the game is to capture your opponents King. The King is just one of sixteen pieces that each player can use during the game. The other fifteen pieces include: Eight pawns, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and a queen. The pieces are placed on an eight by eight, square board in a fixed starting position. The game begins by the player using the white pieces moving one of their pieces to another square. Each player will then alternate playing one move turns. Each piece has a set of legal moves that it can perform. For example, a bishop can only move diagonally on squares of its same color, whereas rooks can only move vertically or horizontally. The goal of the game is to use your pieces in a strategic manner that ultimately leads to your opponent's King being captured. The most common way to achieve this is by using your pieces to capture your opponent's pieces that are defending the King, and then exploiting this weakness to attack the King. While it's important to play on the offensive, it's equally as important to understand your opponent's strategy, so that you can properly defend against their attempts to capture your own King.
List all the years mentioned in the following passage	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List all the years mentioned in the following passage ### Input: During the Middle Ages, the Gran Tavola (Italian for "Great Table") was the largest Sienese bank; it was one of the most powerful banks in Europe from 1255 to 1298. The Gran Tavola has been called "the greatest bank of the thirteenth century" as well as "one of the largest commercial and banking enterprises in Europe". The main branches of the Gran Tavola during the mid-thirteenth century were in Pisa, Bologna, Genoa, Marseille, and Paris. ### Response:	During the Middle Ages, the Gran Tavola (Italian for "Great Table") was the largest Sienese bank; it was one of the most powerful banks in Europe from 1255 to 1298. The Gran Tavola has been called "the greatest bank of the thirteenth century" as well as "one of the largest commercial and banking enterprises in Europe". The main branches of the Gran Tavola during the mid-thirteenth century were in Pisa, Bologna, Genoa, Marseille, and Paris.	1255, 1298
Which Super Bowl Halftime Show performer was upstaged by a dancing shark?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which Super Bowl Halftime Show performer was upstaged by a dancing shark? ### Response:		Katy Perry.
Given this paragraph about history of China, what is the name of the river that nurtured China's civilization.	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given this paragraph about history of China, what is the name of the river that nurtured China's civilization. ### Input: The history of the area now known as China has alternated between periods of prosperity, political unity, and peace and periods of war and statehood. The Yellow River nurtured China's civilization. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia, as at present. The regions were occupied by other people-groups; often, non-settled peoples of the steppe identified as Mongolic, Turkic and Khitan. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is among the world's oldest civilizations and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization. ### Response:	The history of the area now known as China has alternated between periods of prosperity, political unity, and peace and periods of war and statehood. The Yellow River nurtured China's civilization. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia, as at present. The regions were occupied by other people-groups; often, non-settled peoples of the steppe identified as Mongolic, Turkic and Khitan. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is among the world's oldest civilizations and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.	The river nurtured China's civilization is named the Yellow River
What is sphingosine?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is sphingosine? ### Response:		Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid.
Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication ### Response:		Here is the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication: 1. The Hobbit [1937] 2. The Fellowship of the Ring [1954] 3. The Two Towers [1954] 4. The Return of the King [1955] 5. The Silmarillion [1977] 6. Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth [1980] 7. The Children of Hurin [2007] 8. Beren and Luthien [2017] 9. The Fall of Gondolin [2018]
What are some menu items I can buy at Taco Bell?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some menu items I can buy at Taco Bell? ### Response:		Taco Bell serves items such as bean burritos, crunchy tacos, soft tacos, nachos, quesadillas, quesoritos, Crunchwrap Supremes, Mountain Dew Baja Blasts, and Doritos Tacos Locos.
Why zurich is so beautiful	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why zurich is so beautiful ### Response:		Because of it's lake, The most beautiful place in Zurich
Were masks effective in stopping the spread of Covid 19?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Were masks effective in stopping the spread of Covid 19? ### Response:		The data suggests it's inconclusive whether or not masks were effective in stopping the spread of Covid-19. There's evidence to support that they may have caused more harm than good with certain demographics, however Covid-19 was weaponized by political agendas. There are studies to support whichever side of the aisle you want to align with. It is widely accepted by both ends of the political spectrum that natural immunity is effective in stopping the spread of viruses.
Classify each of the following as either characters from Star Wars or Star Trek: Jean Luc Picard, Grogu, Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, Data, Q, Darth Vader, Ahsoka, William Riker, James Kirk, Spock	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify each of the following as either characters from Star Wars or Star Trek: Jean Luc Picard, Grogu, Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, Data, Q, Darth Vader, Ahsoka, William Riker, James Kirk, Spock ### Response:		Star Wars: Grogu, Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader, Ahsoka Star Trek: Jean Luc Picard, Data, Q, William Riker, James Kirk, Spock
Is it better to rebuild or remodel a house?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is it better to rebuild or remodel a house? ### Response:		The answer to this question depends on several factors, including your budget, the nature and extent of the updates that you would make to the original house, the costs of building materials and services, and any zoning requirements or local codes and regulations that may apply to your project. You should start by first determining your budget and any timelines you are working against. Next, determine the updates that you would need or want to make, including must-haves and nice to haves in your list. Next, consider working with an architect to help draw up plans that align to your goals and engage a residential engineer to help determine what updates can be made within the existing house structure and what updates may require substantial modifications or may not be made under the structure. At this point, you may be able to determine whether or not it makes sense to rebuild or remodel, however, to get a final sense of the costs and scope of the project, you should request bids from contracts on your plans and ask that they provide estimated costs and timelines as well as recommendations on how to approach the project. Compare these costs and recommendations against the anticipated costs of leveling and rebuilding the house from scratch, which may also require input from the architect and/or contractor to help determine. Once you have gathered all of this information, balance your desires, including must-haves and nice-to-haves, against your budget and timelines to help make your decision.