query_id
int64
0
2.03k
passage
stringlengths
23
9.77k
prompt
stringlengths
10
448
labels
float64
0
1
fold
int64
1
4
57
ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2021 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืจ ืื• ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2020 ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ืื• ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2020 ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.07.2020 ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ื’ื ืื ืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื). ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”), ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืฉืœ 30 ื™ื•ื (ืื• 14 ื™ื•ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2020) ืื• ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”-01.03.2020, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™).
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
1
1
57
ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืื ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40 ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ (/he/ืžืกืคืจ_ื”ื™ืžื™ื_ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™_ืœืงื‘ืœืช_ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (https://www.btl.gov.il/benefits/Unemployment/Pages/submit.aspx) ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื (ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”, ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ืฉืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื•, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40 ื•ืขื•ื“). ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ืื ื˜ืจื ื—ืœืคื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ืžืขื ืง ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžืขื ืง ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ 25 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš. ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžืขื ืง ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื™ืฆืจืคื• ืืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžืขื ืง ืœื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืชื™ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคืงืก ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืฃ, ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืžืกืžืš ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืื ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื/ื”ืคืงืก ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช. ื”ืžืฉืš ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื (ืืœื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“). ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขื ืง ืฉื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืœื ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืžืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืžืขื ืง. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžืขื ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ืื ื ืฉืืจื•). ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืฉืœืœื” ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœื ืœื”ื ื”ืžืขื ืง, ื’ื ืื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš. ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 118 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *6050
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื’ื™ืœ 40 ื•ื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ืชื ืื™ื. ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ 40: ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 180% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื”ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœ-80% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื”ื (ืื ื™ืขื ื• ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 85% ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 426.22 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2024). ื’ื‘ืจ ื ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ 36 ืขื 3 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž-1 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2022 ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื• - 175 ื™ื•ื. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื•ืขื ื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœื• ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื• (ืฉื‘ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”): ื”ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ืื ื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช) ืœืœื ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื•, ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2026 (ื‘ืชื•ื 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”). ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 85% ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 140 ื™ื•ื (80% ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 175 ื™ื•ื). ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืช 30 ืœืœื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื” ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืชื‘ืขื” ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2021. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 100 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืชื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœ-180 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ืื ืชืขื ื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” 320 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืž-85% ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื ืฆืœ ืืช 100 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื). ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2021 ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื” 50 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜. ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2022 ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 100 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžืชื•ืš 100 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื” 50 ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2022. ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2023 ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช (ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช). ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช 30 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืขื“ ืœ-180% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™. ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2025 ื™ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืชืคื•ื˜ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื” ืžืื– 100 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœ-80 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื” (80% ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 100 ื™ื•ื). ืžืชื•ืš 80 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช 50 ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ื. ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืื• ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืจืฉืžื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืื• ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœ-12 ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื (ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื’ื™ื - ืจืื• ืœื•ื— ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื•ืฉืคืข ืžื›ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืื• ื”ืกื‘ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘, ื•ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืœื”ื 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื. ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช - ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš (ืื ื˜ืจื ื—ืœืคื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจื• ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ). ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื—ื™ื ื ืžื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืจืื•: ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ ืฉืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื ื“ื—ืชื”, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช (ื‘ืชื•ืš 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื) ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืฉืชื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”. ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ, ืื• ืฉืœื‘ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœืขืจืขื•ืจ (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”). ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืจืื• ื•ืขื“ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0.75
1
57
ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืžื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ืžืฆื ื›ื–ื•. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ืœืžื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืคื•ื ื™ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื’ื ืื ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช). ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” (ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ) ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœ-12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” (ื’ื ืื ืขื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืœืžื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช (ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™). ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื˜ื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ื‘ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ื•ื ืžื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023, ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 5 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•). ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช (ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืฉื ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืืœื ืจืง ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 40 ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40: ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40 ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจื•/ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื’ื ืื ืกื™ื™ืžื• 180% ืžื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 180% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืขื“ ืœืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช 4 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœ-80% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 85% ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (426.22 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช). ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2024): ืขื“ 196 โ‚ช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 28 ืฉื ื”: 60% ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 28 ืฉื ื” : 80%
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื™ืขื“ ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช). ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023, ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 5 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•). ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช (ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืฉื ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืืœื ืจืง ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 40 ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40: ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40 ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจื•/ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื’ื ืื ืกื™ื™ืžื• 180% ืžื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 180% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืขื“ ืœืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช 4 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœ-80% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 85% ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (426.22 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช). ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2024): ืขื“ 196 โ‚ช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 28 ืฉื ื”: 60% ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 28 ืฉื ื” : 80%
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” (/he/ื’ืžืœืช_ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช_ื”ื›ื ืกื”_(ื”ืฉืœืžืช_ื”ื›ื ืกื”)) ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” (/he/ืจื™ืฉื•ื_ืจืืฉื•ื ื™_ืœืœืฉื›ืช_ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”) ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื (/he/ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”_ืžืชืื™ืžื”_ืœืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘_ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช_ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”) ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (/he/ืจื™ืฉื•ื_ืกื™ืจื•ื‘_ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”) ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” (https://www.taasuka.gov.il/he/Applicants/Pages/RegistertoLishkaGuide.aspx) ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” - ืื ืชื™ืžืฆื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื” ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืคื•ื ื”. ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื™ืขื“ ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื ืจืฉืžื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื“ืžื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืคื’ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœ"ืช) ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืื• ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืœืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื’ื ืื ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช). ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” (ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ) ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ (ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช) ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2021 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 179ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืืฉืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-15.03.2020 (ืื• ืžื”ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-30.06.2020, ื’ื ืื ื˜ืจื ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.07.2020 (ืื• ืžื”ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-31.07.2020, ื’ื ืื ื˜ืจื ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื“ ืœ-31.07.2020. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.08.2020 (ืื• ืžื”ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืชื•ืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื•. ื”ืืจื›ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ืื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 30 ื™ื•ื (ืื• 14 ื™ื•ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2020), ืืš ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื 30 ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืชื™ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืจืื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™: ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™: ืžื•ืงื“ ืงื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช *5400 ืžื•ืงื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช *5400 ืฉืœื•ื—ื” 1 ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื : ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช - ืžื’ืข ืขื ื—ื•ืœื” ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค: 050-7925400
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0.5
1
57
ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื“ืžื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืคื’ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœ"ืช) ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืื• ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืœืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื’ื ืื ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช). ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” (ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ) ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ (ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช) ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื 70 ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ: ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื•ื 70. ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื•ื 138. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ "ืื™-ื”ืชืืžื”") ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช (12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื‘ื˜ืœื”). ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื (ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืื• ืœื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื) ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื. ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ืจืชื• 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจืชื” 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื’ื ืขืœื™ื”. ย  ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื™ ืฉโ€‹ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืข ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ. ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืข ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”) ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืœ"ืช (ื’ื ืื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื• ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื), ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืช ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื’ื ืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื) ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ 14 ื™ืžื™ ื—ืœ"ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืœ"ืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžืฆื™ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืœ"ืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” (ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™) ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื ืง ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 25 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 50% ืžืฉืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช, ื•ืžืชืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืคื•ื˜ืจื• (ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช), ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืขื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืคืจืฉื• ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืจืขื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” - ืื ืชื™ืžืฆื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” (ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ) ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง. ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื›ืงืฆื‘ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“. ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื•. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ืจืื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืื ื™ืฉื ื. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ืœ"ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืชืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 45 ืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 45 ืœืคื ื™ ื”-02.07.2021, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”-01.07.2021 ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021 ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื ื• ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง (12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื” ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช 30 ื™ืžื™ ื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื—ืœ"ืช), ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021 ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื”ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืœ-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ 45 ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื”: ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขื ื• ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 50% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื•ืฉืื•ืชื ืžื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021. ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื”ื ืขื“ ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 50% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืŸ 47 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” (ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆื‘ืจ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื”). ืžืชื•ืš 175 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื• ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆืœ 75 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”-01.03.2020 ื•-100 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021. ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ 50 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื“ ืœ-31.12.2021. ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืช 50 ื ื™ืฆืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” 100 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 175 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™. ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœ-75 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช + 50% ืž-100 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœื”. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 125 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (75+50), ืฉืื•ืชื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ืขื“ ืœ-31.12.2021, ืื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื” (ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื). ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ 45 ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 6 ืœ-11 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื”: ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021 ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 6 ืœ-11 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 50% ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” (ืชื—ืช "ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื"). ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื•, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื”ื ืขื“ ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื”ืงืœื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 50% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืŸ 65 ืฉื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื›ืœ 87 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื• ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ 43 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื“ ืœ-31.12.2021, ืื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื• (ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื). ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืช 45, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 44 ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ 69 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-30.06.2021, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ 34 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื“ ืœ-31.12.2021, ืื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื” (ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื). ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืช 53 ื ื™ืฆืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” 60 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 87 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœ-27 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช + 50% ืž-60 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœื”. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 57 ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (27+30), ืฉืื•ืชื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ืขื“ ืœ-31.12.2021, ืื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื” (ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื). ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 45 ื•ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ืืจื›ื”: ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช: ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 85% ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 100% ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 90% ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 6 ืœ-11 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืชืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0.25
1
57
ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ 2 ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื (ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืคื—ืช ืžื”ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื•). ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืชืื ื”ื”ืฉืžื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื (ืืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœื ืขื‘ื“), ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืกืš 250 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื, ืœืžืฉืš ืžื›ืกื” ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 100 ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ 200 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืœืฉื›ื” ืฉืœื ืชื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืกืš 250 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื™ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื• ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช. ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืช. ืื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื• ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืกืš 250 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ 150 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกืš 100 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืช ืชืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. ืืช ืชืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืขืฆืžืื™: ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื•ืžื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช, ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘-12, ื•ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘-30. ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื• ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.* ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืžืฉืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• (ื’ื ืœื ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื) ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช. (ืื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 30 ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”). ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ 25 ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 50% ืžืฉืจื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื ืง ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš. ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฉืœื— ื™ื“ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 118 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *6050 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *9687 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *6405 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 1299 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: 118 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: *6050 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: *9687 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: *6405 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: 1299ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื˜ืœืคื•ืŸืจื•ื•ื—ื” 118ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ *6050ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” *9687ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ *6405ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ 1299 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
57
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืฆื™ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ 2 ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื (ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืคื—ืช ืžื”ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื•). ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืชืื ื”ื”ืฉืžื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื (ืืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœื ืขื‘ื“), ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืกืš 250 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื, ืœืžืฉืš ืžื›ืกื” ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 100 ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ 200 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืœืฉื›ื” ืฉืœื ืชื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืžืžื›ืกืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืกืš 250 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื™ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื• ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช. ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืช. ืื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื• ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืกืš 250 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ 150 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกืš 100 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืช ืชืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. ืืช ืชืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืขืฆืžืื™: ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื•ืžื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช, ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘-12, ื•ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘-30. ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื• ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื, ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.* ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื‘ื˜ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื”?
0
1
59
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื (ื—ืœ"ืช) ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 - 31.12.2023 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื (ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื™ืžื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื—ื’ื™ื) ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืื• ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”), ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” (ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ืื ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ) ื•ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขืœ 20 ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-67. ืื“ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื ืื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืื ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืคื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื’ื ืื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžืœืื• ืœื”ื 40). ืื ืฉื ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืืจืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืžืฉืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• (ื’ื ืœื ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื) ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช. (ืื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 30 ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”). ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ 25 ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 50% ืžืฉืจื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื ืง ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš. ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฉืœื— ื™ื“ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 118 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *6050 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *9687 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *6405 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 1299 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: 118 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: *6050 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: *9687 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: *6405 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: 1299ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื˜ืœืคื•ืŸืจื•ื•ื—ื” 118ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ *6050ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” *9687ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ *6405ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ 1299 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 01.07.2021 - 31.12.2021 ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 01.07.2021 - 31.12.2021, ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื 30.06.2021 ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื–ื›ืื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืขื ืง ื‘ืกืš 18 ื™ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (https://www.btl.gov.il/Corona/Pages/hatvot-nasim-yoldot.aspx) ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืจืง ืื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืœืžืขื ืง ื›ืกืคื™. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ 3 ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื 30.06.2021 ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 01.07.2021 -31.12.2021. ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืฆื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”), ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช- ื–ื›ืื™ืช ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืฆื‘ืจื” 10 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 14 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 22 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช- ื–ื›ืื™ืช ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืฆื‘ืจื” 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 14 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื›ื™ืจื” - ื™ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœ-12 ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื (ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื’ื™ื - ืจืื• ืœื•ื— ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื•ืฉืคืข ืžื›ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืื• ื”ืกื‘ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘, ื•ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืœื”ื 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื• (ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื—ื’ ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 5 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื–ื›ืื™/ืช. ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœ ื•-30 ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ืขื‘ื•ืจ 2 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื™ืžื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื•ืœืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื (ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื). ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘-1 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” (/he/ืชืงื•ืคืช_ืื›ืฉืจื”_ืœื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื–ื›ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช (/he/ื”ื›ืฉืจื”_ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช_ืœื“ื•ืจืฉื™_ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”) ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (https://www.btl.gov.il/benefits/Unemployment/pages/ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื‘ืช ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช.aspx) ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื–ื›ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื” ืžื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื. ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2024) ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืกื›ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื ื™ืคื—ืช ืž-128.37 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืจืื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืงืชื ืžื•ืคืกืงืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”), ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช (/he/ื–ื›ืื•ืช_ืœื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืจืฉืžื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” (/he/ืจื™ืฉื•ื_ืจืืฉื•ื ื™_ืœืœืฉื›ืช_ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”), "ืžืคื•ื˜ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ" ืื™ื ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ืืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” (/he/ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”_ืžืชืื™ืžื”_ืœืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘_ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช_ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”) ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืจืื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืงื™ืฅ (https://www.taasuka.gov.il/he/Applicants/Pages/summerDismissalFaq.aspx) ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืžืคื•ื˜ืจื™ ืงื™ืฅ (https://www.taasuka.gov.il/he/Applicants/Pages/summerDismissal.aspx) ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืงืชื ืžื•ืคืกืงืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช "ืžืคื•ื˜ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ" ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ (ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• (ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช) ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-20.6 ืœ-31.8, ื•ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”).
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื 70 ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ: ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื•ื 70. ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื•ื 138. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ "ืื™-ื”ืชืืžื”") ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช (12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื‘ื˜ืœื”). ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื (ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืื• ืœื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื) ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื. ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ืจืชื• 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจืชื” 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื’ื ืขืœื™ื”. ย  ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื™ ืฉโ€‹ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืข ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ. ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืข ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”) ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืจืื• ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2021 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืงืชื ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ืจื•. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื (ื—ืœ"ืช) ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืจืฆื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืื ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœ-01.08.2020, ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื—ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœ"ืช ืฉืœ 30 ื™ื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘-01.03.2020. ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื”-30.06.2021. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืจืื• ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื•ืืจื›ืช ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ืื• ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2020. ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 67 ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืฉืœ 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”-01.08.2020, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื—ืœื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืื ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืขื“ ืœ-01.08.2020, ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื—ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœ"ืช ืฉืœ 30 ื™ื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื™-ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื• ืžื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ืื™ื ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืชื™ ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื“ืžื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืคื’ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื’ืžืœื” ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื”. ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื. ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืœื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ืœืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื (ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืœืœืฉื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืจืฉืžื• ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื). ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ื”ืกื›ื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ ืื• ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”). ืื™-ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘-2 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”. ืžื™ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช (ื—ืœืง ื‘') ืฉืœ ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘-2 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื•ืœืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื (ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื). ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘-1 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ืื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื ืœืืจืฅ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืœื”ื ื•ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื•ืฆืจื” ืž-30 ื™ืžื™ื ืœ-14 ื™ืžื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื•ืฆืจื” ืœ-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื‘ืžืงื•ื 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื) ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ื’ื ืื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (https://www.btl.gov.il/HaravotBarzel1/KizbeotHB/Pages/AvtalaHB.aspx) ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ืžื–ื›ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืชื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 40 ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืžื ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 67-20 ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืžืฉืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ *9687 . ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช (ื›ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื• ื›ืขืฆืžืื™ื), ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ื ื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 2(9) ืœื—ื•ืง ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื•ื ืงืœื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืื– ื”ื•ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”- 01.09.2020 ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘-30.06.2021 (10 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื). ื‘ 01.09.2021 ืงืœื˜ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื“ ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื• ื‘-31.12.2021 (3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื) ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืž-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื”"ื› ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืฆืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืกื™ืง 13 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื (ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ) ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. . ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” 7 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ , ืื–ื™ ื•ืชืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืฉื™"ืœ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ืคื ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 118 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': *2570 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 074-7696562 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื: ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืืชืจ: ืืชืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸื˜ืœ': 1299
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2021 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” "ื—ืœืฃ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”" ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื•, ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-01.03.2020 ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืืš ืœื ืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” (ื”ืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœืžืฉืš 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช), ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“- "ื—ืœืฃ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”" ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืœื”ืŸ ืœื•ืœื ื™ืœื“ื•. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื™ืฉื•ืœื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื–ื›ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”- 12.03.2021 (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”). ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื—ืœื”, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฆื‘ืจื• ื›ืœืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื”. 7 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืžืฆื• ื™ืœื“ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 10 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื (ื“ืžื™ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ). ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื (ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช) ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ืœื“ ืœืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“. ื”ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ืœื“ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 10 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื”).
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœ-12 ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื (ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื’ื™ื - ืจืื• ืœื•ื— ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื•ืฉืคืข ืžื›ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืื• ื”ืกื‘ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘, ื•ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืœื”ื 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื• (ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื—ื’ ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 5 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ืคื—ืชื• ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื–ื›ืื™/ืช. ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœ ื•-30 ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ืขื‘ื•ืจ 2 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื™ืžื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื•ืœืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื (ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื). ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘-1 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ืกืคื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช (ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช) ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื™-ืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื”) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ืœืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืจืื• ื›ืืŸ . ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืง ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื‘-31.12.2023 ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื "ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช" ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ (ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024, ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”). ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024, ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ื›ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื™-ืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024, ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื”. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 (ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื), ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘-01.02.2024. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ืขืฉื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื”, ื•ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘-01.01.2012 ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ (ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง), ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ืฆืจืช ืงื‘ืขโ€ ื‘-05.09.2019, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืขืกืง ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืขืฆืžืื™ื. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืชื ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืก ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• (ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื›ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช). ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช: ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืขืกืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื›ืขื•ืกืง ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืื• ืขื•ืกืง ืžื•ืจืฉื”. ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืงื‘ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช (ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื "ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช"). ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช/ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœืงืจืืช ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช/ืื™ืžื•ืฅ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ืžื™ืฆื• ืืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืžืขื ืง ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ื. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•: ืžืขื ืง ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืžืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ืฆื• ืืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ 67 ื•ืžืขืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืคื•ื ื” ืขืงื‘ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืžืขื ืง ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•: ืžืขื ืง ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 67 ื•ืžืขืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื•ืฆืจื” ืž-30 ื™ืžื™ื ืœ-14 ื™ืžื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื•ืฆืจื” ืœ-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื‘ืžืงื•ื 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื) ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ื’ื ืื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (https://www.btl.gov.il/HaravotBarzel1/KizbeotHB/Pages/AvtalaHB.aspx) ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ืœ"ืช ื”ืžื–ื›ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืชื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 40 ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืžื ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 67-20 ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ืœืžืฉืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืื• ื—ืœืฃ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ืœื™ 2021 ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” (/he/ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”) ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืœื™ื“ื”) ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 01.08.2020 ืขื“ 30.06.2021, ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 01.03.2020 ืขื“ 30.06.2021 ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืืš ืœื ืฆื‘ืจื” ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืžืœืื™ื, ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืœื” ืืœืžืœื ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (https://www.btl.gov.il/Corona/Pages/hatvot-nasim-yoldot.aspx) ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืจืง ืื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืื• ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ืœืฃ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 01.03.2020 ืขื“ 30.06.2021 ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืืš ืœื ืฆื‘ืจื” ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืžืœืื™ื, ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื "ื—ืœืฃ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”", ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืœื” ืืœืžืœื ื™ืœื“ื”. ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™ืช? ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืœื“ื” ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื 30.06.2021 ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื”, ืื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื 2 ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืž-01.08.2020 ืขื“ 30.06.2021. ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” (/he/ื“ืžื™_ืื‘ื˜ืœื”) ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” (/he/ื’ืžืœืช_ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช_ื”ื›ื ืกื”_(ื”ืฉืœืžืช_ื”ื›ื ืกื”)) ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” (/he/ืจื™ืฉื•ื_ืจืืฉื•ื ื™_ืœืœืฉื›ืช_ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”) ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื (/he/ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”_ืžืชืื™ืžื”_ืœืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘_ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช_ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”) ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (/he/ืจื™ืฉื•ื_ืกื™ืจื•ื‘_ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”) ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” (https://www.taasuka.gov.il/he/Applicants/Pages/RegistertoLishkaGuide.aspx) ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช. ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” - ืื ืชื™ืžืฆื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื” ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืคื•ื ื”. ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื™ืขื“ ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื ืจืฉืžื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0
2
59
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื ืื• ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื (ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื™ืžื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื—ื’ื™ื) ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืื• ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”), ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขืœ 20 ื• ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-67. ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 07.10.2023 ืœ-31.12.2023 ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืื“ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื ืื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืื ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื. ื‘-125 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (5 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื), ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื 501.44 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2024. ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื 334.29 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2024. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
59
ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจื•, ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœ"ืช (ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื). ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™: ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœ-1 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืจืฉืžื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืื• - ืœืคื—ื•ืช 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื•ืš 18 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ื“) ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื›ืฉืจื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื›ืฉืจื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื•ื 67-20, ืืš ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืื• ืคืจื™ืœื ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ื. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืฆื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 20: ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ 15 ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ื. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื”ืขื ืงืช ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ. ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช). ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ืžื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื (ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืื—ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’) ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ื‘ืฆื• 8 ืœ4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืงื•. ืžื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืคื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”?
0.25
2
60
ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (/he/ื”ืžื•ืกื“_ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—_ืœืื•ืžื™) ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืงื‘ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ืžืชื ื“ื‘_ืฉื ืคื’ืข_ื‘ืžื”ืœืš_ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื•) ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ (/he/ื’ื•ืฃ_ืžืคืขื™ืœ_(ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ (ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื) (https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/Law01/039_144.htm) ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘, ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช) ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื (ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืื• ื”ื ืคืฉื™) ืžื”ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”. ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ (ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”), ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื”. ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช (ืื•ืžื ื”) ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื” (ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ). ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื”, ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช- ืื•ืžื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืžื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืงื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช (BEG) ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ (/he/ื”ืžื•ืกื“_ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—_ืœืื•ืžื™) ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืงื‘ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ืžืชื ื“ื‘_ืฉื ืคื’ืข_ื‘ืžื”ืœืš_ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื•) ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ (/he/ื’ื•ืฃ_ืžืคืขื™ืœ_(ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ (ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื) (https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/Law01/039_144.htm) ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘, ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช) ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื (ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืื• ื”ื ืคืฉื™) ืžื”ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”. ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ (ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”), ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื”. ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช (ืื•ืžื ื”) ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื” (ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ). ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื”, ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื”ื™ ืื•ืžื ื”? ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื–ืžื ื™ืชืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ (ืžื’ื™ืœ 18-0 ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21) ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืกืคืง ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื™ืœื“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื™ืžื• ืงืฉืจ, ืœื˜ืคื—ื• ื•ืœื—ื ื›ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœื• ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืกื™ื•ืข, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•. ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ื•ืžืคืงื— ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” (ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืื•ืžื ื”), ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” (ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”).
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0.75
3
60
ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื”, ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ, ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ื•ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ (/he/ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช_ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ_ืขื‘ื•ืจ_ื™ืœื“ื™ื_ื•ื‘ื ื™_ื ื•ืขืจ_ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ) ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืฉืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ (/he/ื’ื•ืฃ_ืžืคืขื™ืœ_(ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ (/he/ืžืฉืจื“_ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”_ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ_ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™) ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืžื•ืกืžืš ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ (ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) "ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ"- ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ (/he/ืžืฉืจื“_ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”_ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ_ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™) ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืื—ืจืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)), ืžืฆื™ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื ื—ื™ ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ืžื ื—ื”_ืื•ืžื ื”) ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืคื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ืกื•ื’ื™_ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื (ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช, ื—ื™ืจื•ื) ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” (https://www.gov.il/he/Departments/Guides/molsa-foster-about?chapterIndex=4) ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืคืงื—ื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื•ืืจืฆื™ืช. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื”, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื—ื•ื•ืช-ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžืชื ืื• ืื™-ื”ืชืืžืชื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื”. ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื”. ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื. ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื ื—ื™ ืื•ืžื ื”, ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืชื. ืžืฆื™ืืช ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•). ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“, ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชืืžืชื”. ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจืช. ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืœืžืคืงื—ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื•.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0.5
3
60
ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื’ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง (ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื—ืกืจ) ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื• ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื—ืกืจ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื“ืœ, ื”ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืจืง ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ, ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ืขืกืงื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื“ืœ ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืœืœื ืžื’ื‘ืœืช 30 ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื”, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืžืกืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื•ืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” (ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”), ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืื“ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•, ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 8 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืกืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื ื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืื• ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•, ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื‘. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืœืคื—ื•ืช 15 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืขืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœื•, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืขืชืงื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืื•ืชื.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ (ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžืคืจืกื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืคื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืžื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืœื ืื—ืจ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืœืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื•. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืœื ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0.25
3
60
ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื”) ื™ืฉื ืŸ 3 ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•: ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ืงื‘ืœืช_ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ_ืœื”ื™ื•ืช_ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืจื™ืฉื•ื™_ืื•ืžื ื”)), ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืžื”ื™ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ) ืฉืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ืžื•ืกืžืš ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœื™ืœื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ืืฆืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• (ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ) ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ "ืงืœื™ืง ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”" ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” (https://clickrevaha.molsa.gov.il/product-page/241) ื™ืฉื ืŸ 3 ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช (ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ื) ื›ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“, ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜. ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืœืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืคื ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18 (ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21), ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื’ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช (ื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ืื• ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช-ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช). ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืžืงื™ื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืงืฉืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืฃ. ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืžื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ- ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ 2020), ืœืคื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื”: ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื•, ื™ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื›ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ื—ื•ื•ืช-ื“ืขืช, ื”ืื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื”. ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” - ืžืคืงื— ืื•ืžื ื” - ืฉื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืฅ ื”ืื ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื. ื”ืžืœืฆืช ืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” - ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืื• ืœืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื”, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ืขืžื•ืชืช ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ื - ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืžืจื›ื–. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืกืืžื™ื˜ - ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื“ืจื•ื. ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžื˜ื‘ - ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—"ืจ - ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื›ื–. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื.ื“.ื .ืž - ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื›ื–. ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืœ-3 ืฉื ื™ื, ืืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ืงื‘ืœืชื•. ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืชืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ืื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•: ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื”
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
1
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”? ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื•ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืื ืœืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ/ืช ืขืžื•, ืขืœ ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื. ืืœื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”: ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื 55-25. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ื–ื•ื’, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืกืคืง ืœื™ืœื“ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื™ืฉืžืจื•. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœ 10 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืขืžื•, ืžื’ื‘ืœื”, ืžื—ืœื” ืื• ืœืงื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™. ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืขืžื• ืœื ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœืกืžื™ื ืื• ืœืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื›ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืงืง. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืขืžื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ืžื™ืŸ ืื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืงื˜ื™ืŸ, ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืื• ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0.25
3
60
ืžืคืงื— ืื•ืžื ื” ืžืคืงื— ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ (/he/ืžืฉืจื“_ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”_ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ_ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™) ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžื ื” ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื•, ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื ื•ื“ ืชื’ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ืื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ, ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืœื•ืžื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืžื ื”. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื•. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื•, ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืื•ืžื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื”, ื”ืžืคืงื— ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืชื• ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” (ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”). ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉื”ื” ื”ื™ืœื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“. ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžืช ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ื™ืœื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื›ื•'. ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”: ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“, ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืื• ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืžื ื”, ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ืขื“ื.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืื•ืžื ื” ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื–ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื”, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” "ืื•ืžื ื”" (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ืื• "ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”" ื”ื™ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ (/he/ืงื‘ืœืช_ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ_ืœื”ื™ื•ืช_ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืจื™ืฉื•ื™_ืื•ืžื ื”)). ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื–ื›ืื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข (/he/ืชืฉืœื•ื_ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”), ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ืื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” (ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”) ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื”) ืื•ืžื ื” ื—ืกื•ื™ื” ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ (ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืžืคืงื— ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ืœื“ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช - ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืืฆืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืจืช (ืื•ืžื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช) ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืœืช ื™ืœื“ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืฉืจื” ืื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืื•ืžื ื”) ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื•ืžื ื”) ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (/he/ื”ื•ืจื”_ืื•ืžื ื”_(ืžืฉืคื—ืช_ืื•ืžื ื”)) ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืจืื• ืืชืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” (https://www.gov.il/he/Departments/Guides/molsa-foster-becoming-foster-family) ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืื•ืฉืจื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื. ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื™ืœื“ ื•ืœื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืงืฉื”, ืœืชืช ืœื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื™ืขื“ ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ื’ื™ืœื ืขื“ 55 ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืชืงื™ื ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืคืœื™ืœื™. ืงืฉืจื™ื”ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ 43 ืฉื ื”. ืœืžื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืคื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช: ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžื˜ื‘ - ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆืคื•ืŸ (ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื“ืจื”). ืœื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ื - ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืกืืžื™ื˜ - ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื“ืจื•ื. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื”. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืจ - ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ืžืจื›ื– ื•ื“ืจื•ื. ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0.75
3
60
ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืื•ืžื ื”) ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™? ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืขื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืื•ืžื ื”, ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื: ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื—ืœืคื” ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื”, ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืื• ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•. ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ืืฆืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืœื“ ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืขื“ 3 ืฉื ื™ื, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ 26 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืœื“ ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืขื“ 3 ืฉื ื™ื, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืœื“ ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืœ-10 ืฉื ื™ื, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ 4 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื”ืืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืœืื•ืžื ื” ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 3, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘-3 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 3, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 3, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 3 ื•ื™ืœื“ ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 3: ืžื™ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘-3 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ืืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืืฉืคื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœ-15 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืืฉืคื•ื–, ืืš ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-10 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-6 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื“ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ื™ืœื“ ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื‘ ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” - ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืงืฃ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื• ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ืื• ืœื—ื“ืฉื•, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื ืกืคื— ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉื—ืชื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื• ืฉื•ืœื‘. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•: ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”, ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื™ืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื (ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืื• ื”ื ืคืฉื™) ืžื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”. ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืืœื ืื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ) ื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืกื•ืคืงื• ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื (/he/ื ื•ืชืŸ_ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™_ืชืฉืœื•ื) (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ืื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื) ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืืกืคืงื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื•, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง ื ืกื’ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืืš ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืืฉืจืื™, ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืœื, ืื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืกื•ืคืงื• ืœื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื (ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”) ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ืฉื™ืœื. ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ืืš ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืื“ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืกืงื”. ืขืจืš ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืืฉืจืื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™, ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง, ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืฉืจื›ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™, ืืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื”- ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ (ืœืขืชื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21) ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื”, ืžื ื—ื™ ืื•ืžื ื”, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›-4,300 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, 800 ืžื”ื ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืชืžืฆืื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื•ืฅ-ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™-ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื™ื•ืขื ืงื• ืœื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืชื•ืš ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช - ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื ืฉืžืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื - ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช ืื• ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื ืืชื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื›ื ืกื• ืœ: ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžื™ื•ืขื“? ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”. ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื• ืฉื•ืœื‘ ืื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”. ื™ืœื“ ืฉืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื•ืžื ื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื•ืžื ื”.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืžื ื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ืื• ืื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ืจื” ืื•ืžื ื”. ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ืœื“ ื•ืœืื•ืžื ื”. ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืžืฆื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ื•ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ืงื™ื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื”. ืœื™ื•ื•ื™, ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื•ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื. ืขื–ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•: ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช, ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื›ื•'. ืงื™ื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ื™ืœื“, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ืงื™ื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื™ืœื“, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืคืงื— ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ืœื“, ืื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืžื•ืขืกืง ื•ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ (ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™) ืฉืžื•ืกืžืš ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืคืงื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืคืงื—ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื”.
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
60
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืžื ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜. ื™ืฉื ืŸ 3 ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช: ืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” - ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18 (ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21) ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืื•ืžื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืคื ื™ื ื’ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื (ื ื›ื•ืช, ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช-ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช). ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช - ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืจืงืข ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืฉื—ื•ื• ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ. ืื•ืžื ืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื - ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื ืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘-3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืžื ืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ืขื“ 5 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื” (ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื”).
ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื•ืžื ื”?
0
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข? ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืช 25 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ืชื. ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื: ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœ-25 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง? ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื 25 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“), ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ืœืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150% ืžืฉื›ืจื• ื”ืฉืขืชื™, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื›ืจื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืœืงืจื™ืืช ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช? ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื? ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืขืกืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150%, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 25 ืฉืขื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ 150% ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•+ ืฉืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 150%, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช? ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ 5,880.02 โ‚ช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื). ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ (ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื—ืœืงื™ 25) ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ 235.2 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ 150% ืฉื•ื•ื” 352.8 โ‚ช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ 352.8 โ‚ช ืœืฉื›ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืชืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื” 25 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ื’ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150% ืžืฉื›ืจื• ื”ืฉืขืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 48.46 โ‚ช. ืกื”"ื› ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื™ืกืชื›ื ื‘-401.26 โ‚ช, ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืฉื›ืจื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื• ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื• ืื•ืฉืคื– ืื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 1ื” ืœื—ื•ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ, ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื•ืขื“ ืœ-7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืžืฉืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื• ืœืกืคืง ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœื ืื—ืจ. ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž 7 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•. ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 02.10.2022 ืžื™ื“ ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืื• ื™ืกืจื‘, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ืœ-3 ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ืชื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืื’ืฃ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ . ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื• ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื›ืŸ , ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•: ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“- ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ 5.3.0002 ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืžื•ืœื“ืช, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื™ืชืจ ื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช ืœืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืœืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช, ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœืกืคืง ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• (ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื• ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ) ื‘ืชื•ืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืช 25 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ืชื. ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื: ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœ-25 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื 25 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“), ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ืœืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150% ืžืฉื›ืจื• ื”ืฉืขืชื™, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื›ืจื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืœืงืจื™ืืช ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืขืกืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150%, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 25 ืฉืขื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ 150% ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•+ ืฉืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 150%, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ื”ืื ื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืžื•ืขืกืง ืืฆืœื ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืืฉืจืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช" ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 21 ื™ื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื”ืขืกืงื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืื™ืš ืื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื ื™ืฆืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžืขืกื™ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื ื”ืœ ืคื ืงืก ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ืœื, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžืชื”ืคืš, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื—ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉืชื• ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคื ืงืก ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืžืขืกื™ืง. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืชืช ืœื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืจืืฉ, ื•ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ืฉืื•ืจื›ื” ืžืขืœ 7 ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืจืืฉ. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื•ืžื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ื™ืชืจืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฆื‘ื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื›ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ืฆื‘ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื”ืขืกืงืชื•. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” (ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจืื”, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•'). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 1ื” ืœื—ื•ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ, ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื•ืขื“ ืœ-7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืžืฉืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื• ืœืกืคืง ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœื ืื—ืจ. ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž7 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื•ืช (ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ ืขื“ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ) ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ื”ืขืกืงืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืœืœื ืžื’ื‘ืœื”. ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• (ืœืœื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง) ื‘-25 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื• ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื• ืื•ืฉืคื– ืื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื”ืขืกืงืชื•. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” (ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจืื”, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•'). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื—ืœื” ื”ืœื›ืช "ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘". ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื™ืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื• ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื‘ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื“ื• ืข"ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืข"ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื”, ื™ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืืš ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™, ื™ื ื•ื›ื” ืงื ืก ืžื”ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ื™ื ื•ื›ื” ืœื• ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ ืงื ืก ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืจืื• ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื. ืงื™ื–ื•ื– ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื–ื– ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“, ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื•ืฉืื•ืชื ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื›ืจ. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืื• ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืžืฉื›ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง, ืฉืื•ืชื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขืจื›ืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ืขื“ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื’. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” 9 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื’, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ืชืคื’ืข ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ืืช ื—ื’ื™ ื“ืชื• ืื• ืืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืขื“ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื•, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื, ืขื“ ืœืžื›ืกื” ืฉืœ 9 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื—ื’ ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื’, ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ื’ื™ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื™ื ื—ื’ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื’, ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื’, ืื–ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื—ื’ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 150% ืžืฉื›ืจื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ื ื• 25 ืฉืขื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ 150% ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื• + ืฉืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 150%, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืฉืžืชืคื˜ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ - ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื•ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ื”. ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืขืกื™ืง ื—ื“ืฉ - ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช - ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช - ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 02.10.2022 ืžื™ื“ ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืื• ื™ืกืจื‘, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ืœ-3 ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ืชื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืื’ืฃ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ . ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื• ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื›ืŸ , ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข. ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืžื•ืœื“ืช, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื™ืชืจ ื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช ืœืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•: ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“- ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ 5.3.0002 ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืืฆืœ 3 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืืฉืจื” ืฉืœื•, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืืœื”. ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื•, ืจืฉืื™ ืคืงื™ื“ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื• ืœื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืืฉืจื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืฆืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• (ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ), ืœื ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ืจืง ืื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ. ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”. ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” ืื• ืœืคื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก "ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™" ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ 22.60 โ‚ช ืœื™ื•ื. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืื ืื ื™ ืžืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“, ื”ืื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืชืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืืฉืคื•ื–? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 30 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืื ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื ืžืฉืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-30 ื™ื•ื, ืชื•ืคืกืง ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื—ืœืงื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื• ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื• ืื•ืฉืคื– ืื• ื ืคื˜ืจ
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืžื—ืœื” (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ื”) ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื•ืคื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช? ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ, ืžืงื ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ืื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื•ืจ. ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžื ื• ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื” "ืจื’ื™ืœื”", ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืขืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื? ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื—ืœื” ืจืืฉื™ ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื—ืœืชื•. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื• ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืœื”. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืืช ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื ืžืจืฉื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืงื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื”. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืฆื‘ืจ. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืืฉืคื•ื–/ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ืฉืš? ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžื›ืกื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืฉืคื•ื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื‘ืœ ืžืฉืคืขืช ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื™. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ? ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืืœื ืื ื”ื•ืกื›ื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• (ืœืœื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง) ื‘ 25 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื”. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ? ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืื ืฆื‘ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื›ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™, ืืœื ืื ื”ื•ืกื›ื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ - ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 50% ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืจืฉืื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ - ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื ื™ื ื›ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื–ื•. ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• (ืœืœื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง) ื‘ 25 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• (ืœืœื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง) ื‘-25 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. * ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ? ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœ- 1.5 ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืืฆืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 18 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”). ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ? ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืขื“ 90 ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื? ืœื. ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื”? ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืœื” ืžืจื•ืคื. ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื–ื”ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ืขื“ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืœืช ื™ืœื“, ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื›ื•'. ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืœื”
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืชื ืื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : * ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ, ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื•ืขื“ ืœ-7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื—ื“ืจ ื ืคืจื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื“ืจ ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืกืคืง ืชื ืื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืฉื˜ื— ืœื™ื ื” ืฉืœ 4 ืž"ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืืจื•ืŸ, ืชืื•ืจื”, ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ. ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœื ืžืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื ืกื•ืช. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืœื. ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ื•ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ืจ (ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช), ืืœื ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื•? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืงืจื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง. ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืœืกื›ื•ื ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 79.28 โ‚ช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2018). ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื• ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื• ืื•ืฉืคื– ืื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืื• ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื‘ืขืช ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื™ืฆืœ, ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”) ืœืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•. ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ (ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ) ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืืš ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืฉืื™ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื• ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืคื’ื™ืขื”/ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื• ืœื ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืืœื” ืžืขื ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืื“ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช? ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื” - ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื” - ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืœื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช? ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืื ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ืช? ืžืงื‘ืœ ืงืฆื‘ืช ื ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ (ื›ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืื• ื›ืขืฆืžืื™) ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืงืฆื‘ื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืžื ื” ื•ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืกื›ื•ื ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื”. ืงืฆื‘ืช ื ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื? ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช : ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืžืžื•ืกื“ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืœืžืฉืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื : ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืžืžื•ืกื“ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขื–ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื? ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช : ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืงืฆื‘ืช ื ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืงืฆื‘ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื (ืฉืจ"ื). ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื : ืงืฆื‘ืช ืฉืจ"ื ืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“). ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ? ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช : ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ (ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช). ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื : ืจืื• ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืืœื” : ืื ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื? ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช : ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืื“ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื : ืจืื• ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ื–ื›ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืื• ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื• ืื•ืฉืคื– ืื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืคื˜ืจ/ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช, ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ืžืคื˜ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืžื™ื™ื“, ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื—ืœื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื•ื•ืชืง ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืฉืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื“ ืœืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื˜ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืื—ืจ 8 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ 11 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ื: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืฉืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ - ืกื”"ื› 6 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื - ืกื”"ื› 5 ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื”. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืฆื‘ืจ (ื•ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•) ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ื’ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ื’ื ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืœื• "ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช" ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื“ ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื”. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง, ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืจืฉืื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืงื–ื–, ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืขืงื‘ ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช - ืจืื• ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืื ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“, ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื (ืจืื• ืœืžืขืœื”).
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“? ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืชื ืื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื? * ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ, ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื•ืขื“ ืœ-7 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื—ื“ืจ ื ืคืจื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื“ืจ ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืกืคืง ืชื ืื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืฉื˜ื— ืœื™ื ื” ืฉืœ 4 ืž"ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืืจื•ืŸ, ืชืื•ืจื”, ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ. ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœื ืžืกืคืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื ืกื•ืช. ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช? ืœื. ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ื•ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ืจ (ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช), ืืœื ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื•? ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืงืจื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง. ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืœืกื›ื•ื ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 79.28 โ‚ช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2018). ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“? ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ. ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง? ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืœืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘? ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื›ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื ื™, ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื–ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืจื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืื ืœืžืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™. ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.5
3
61
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจื›ืื”:ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืชื™ืง:ื‘ื’ืฅ 11437/05 ืชืืจื™ืš:13.04.2011 ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ:ืœืงืจื™ืืช ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื 01.08.2009, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืืจืฅ ืขื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืงื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื—ื•ืง, ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื ืคืกืงื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืืฆืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื” ื”ืจืฉื•ื, ืื• ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ืืฆืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื” ื”ืจืฉื•ื ืขื“ ืœื™ื“ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘/2 (ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื ืืฉืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”), ื•ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื–ื” ืœืžืฉืš 90 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื”ึผ, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืœื ื”ื™ืœื“, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืงื‘ืข ื’ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืชื™ืฉืงืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฃ 90 ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืฉืงืœื” ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื” ืžืฉืงืœ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ, ืื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 90 ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ื”ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ืช ืœืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื 63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื›ื™, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื• ื ื•ื”ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืจืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืœื ืชืงื ื” ืœื” ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื”ึผ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื”ึผ ื‘ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืืจื™ืช, ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืขืชื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ. ื”ืกื“ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื•. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื–ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“, ื•ืœืงื™ื•ื ืชื ืื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื™, ื™ืฉ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื–ื”.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
61
ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ (ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช). ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืืฆืœ 3 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืืฉืจื” ืฉืœื•, ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืืœื”. ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื•, ืจืฉืื™ ืคืงื™ื“ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื• ืœื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืืฉืจื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ืชื™ืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืฆืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• (ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ), ืœื ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืงื‘ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ. ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืงื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™. ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ. ื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืงื‘ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™. ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืฉืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืจืื• ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ- 63 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืจืื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื.
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0.25
3
61
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืžืขืกื™ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื•ื•ืชืง ืฉืฆื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืื• ื›ืืŸ. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ 6 ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ืื™ืš ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•. ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื•, ื™ืฉืœื ืœื• ืืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื™ืงื–ื– ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœื” ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื™ืฆืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื•, ื™ื ื›ื” ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื•). ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” : ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ืกืคื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื• ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื” ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืœื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืœื. ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” (ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจ) ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ืกืคื™ (ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื• ืฉื ืชื™) ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช : ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”
ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ?
0
3
62
ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: New Zealand, ื‘ืžืื•ืจื™ืช: Aotearoa) ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื›-2,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืกืžืŸ. ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›-1,000 ืง"ืž ื”ืŸ ืงืœื“ื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืคื™ื’'ื™ ื•ื˜ื•ื ื’ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 268,680 ืงืž"ืจ. ืฉืคืชื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ ื›ื”ื”-ืขื•ืจ. ื‘ื™ืจืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ืขื ื›-1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœืš ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ืžืžืœื›ืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
1
1
62
ื‘ื™ืจืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1865 ื”ืคื›ื” ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืจืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ (ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 1840), ืื•ืœื ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ืชื›ื ืก ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”-7 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1862. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™, ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ (ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืžืจื‘ืฆื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘) ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1886.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
1
1
62
ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื‘ื™ืจืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™ื˜ื ื’ื™ ื‘-6 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1840 ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื”ื•ื‘ืกื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื”. ื‘ืขืฆืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื ืจื™ ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื•ื™ืื˜ืžื˜ื”, ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืงืœื ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ื ื™ืงื•ืœืกื•ืŸ (ื›ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ) ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘-1865 ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืฉื.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืงืฆื”ื• ื”ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืžืฆืจ ืงื•ืง - ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ (ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ืคื” ืœืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื” "ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช"). ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืงื• ืจื•ื—ื‘ 41 ื“ืจื•ื. ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืžื™ืจืžืจ (ื•ื‘ื• ืžืคืจืฅ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช) ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฆืจ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืจื•ื ื’ื•ื˜ืื™, ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื 1,270 ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืฉื.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
1
1
62
ืขื™ื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื™ 2022, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›-76.5% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•-23.4% ื‘ืื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™. ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ 83.6% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•-50.4% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 100,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ืขื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016, ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื“ื•ืจื’ื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-12 ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืกืจ.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0.25
1
62
ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืžืฉืœ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ โ€“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžืชืคืงื“ืช ื›ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื” ื—ื•ืงืชื™ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ืช. ืžืœืš ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืกื™ื ื“ื™ ืงื™ืจื•. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืœืงืกื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื ื” 120 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช, ืืš ื—ื•ืง ืžืฉื ืช 1986 (Constitution Act 1986) ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช Mixed Member Proportional (ืื• MMP) ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืžื ื” ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” (ืœืจื•ื‘ โ€“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜), ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื•ืœืคื˜ืจ ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1893, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช โ€“ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ 2005 ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2006 ื›ื™ื”ื ื• ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืžืœื›ื”, ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืงืจื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื›ืžื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื”ืœืŸ ืงืœืืจืง ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืจื’ืจื˜ ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื•ืฉืืŸ ืืœื™ืืก ื›ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-2004 ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืž-2003 (Supreme Court Act 2003). ืขื“ ืœื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช (Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืช. ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืฉืขื™ื, ืคืฉืขื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ โ€“ ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื—ื™ืœืงื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”. ืขืงื‘ ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืกืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช, ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1876 ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื”, ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1989 ืืจื’ื ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœื•: ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืœ-67 ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช 249 ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื“ ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช. ืœืื™ื™ ืฆ'ื˜ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืžืžืœื›ืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืž-16 ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืœืฆื“ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™. ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ ื˜ื•ืงืœืื• ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” (Non-self-governing territory) ื•ืฉื˜ื— ื—ืกื•ืช ืจื•ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื‘ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ืื™ื™ ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืื™ ื ื™ื•ืื” ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ (States in free association). ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช (Area Outside Territorial Authority) โ€“ ืกื“ืจืช ืื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืกืื‘-ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื™ื™ ืงืจืžื“ืง ื•ืื™ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
1
1
62
ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืช ื ืื•ืจื• (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Republic of Nauru; ื‘ื ืื•ืจื™ืช: Ripublik Naoero) ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื ื–ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืื™ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉื˜ื—. (ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื). ื ืื•ืจื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื›-4,000 ืง"ืž ื“ืจื•ืึพืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ืื™, ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ ื‘ื ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงื™ืจื™ื‘ื˜ื™. ื ืื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ืืš ื™ืืจืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื™ื’'ื’'ื” ื•ืžื ื ื’), ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื ืื•ืจื•. ื ืื•ืจื• ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื ื–ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื. ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืกื•ืคื—ื” ืœืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื ื“ื˜ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื•ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ืื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืคืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื ืื•ืจื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื— ื ืืžื ื•ืช. ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื‘-1968. ื ืื•ืจื• ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืขืœ ืื™ ืกืœืขื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืจื‘ืฆื™ ื–ืจื—ื” ืจื‘ื™ื. ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื ืื•ืจื• ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1907 ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืฆื•ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื–ื• ืžืžื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ ื ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืจื™ื™ืช-ื™ืชืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืงืจืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืื™ ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจื›ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืื•ืจื• ื ืงื˜ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืื•ืจื• ืœืžืงืœื˜ ืžืก ื•ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ. ืžืื– 2001 ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื ืื•ืจื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื–ืจื” ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”. ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืœืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ื•ืืœื” ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2008 ื”ื ื ืคืชื—ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ึพ2012. ื“ื’ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืงืข ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืขื ืงื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืฉืœืฆื“ื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘, ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืจื• (ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘) ืœืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื” (ื”ืงื• ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘), ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช "ื‘ื˜ื ืคืœื•ืก" ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ GaWC. ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื“ื•ืจื’ื” ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืœืฆื“ ืื•ืกืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกืงืจ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช EIU, ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2024. ื”ืกืงืจ ืžื“ืจื’ 173 ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช: ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจ ื™ื‘ืฉื”. ื ืžืœ ื•ื•ืื™ื˜ืžื˜ื”, ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืืงื™ ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื“ืจื•ืžื”. ื ืžืœ ืžื ื•ืงืื• ืฉืคืชื•ื— ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ื ื˜ืกืžืŸ, ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื ื•ืงืื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื. ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื, ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื›ืกื™ ื”ืจื™ื, 48 ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืœืงื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-50 ืื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื’ืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืœ (Harbor Bridge) ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื ืงืจืืช ื ื•ืจืช' ืฉื•ืจ ืกื™ื˜ื™.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช. ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•. ืžื ื’ื“, ืžืชืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื, ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืจืง ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืฉืคืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™. ื›ื™ื•ื, ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืžืื•ืจื™ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื”ืืงื”, ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ื ืื™ืžืฆื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื", ืขืœ ืฉื ืขื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ื”ืื ื“ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืžื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ืช. ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืง ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ (ืขื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ ืื—ื“) ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืœืฆื‘ื ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ (ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื "ืงื™ื•ื•ื™").
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื›-5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. 74% ื”ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื, ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื•ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื. ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืคืงืื”ื” (Pฤkehฤ) ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ื. 14.9% ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžืื•ืจื™ื. 11.8% ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ ื•-6.5% ืžืžื•ืฆื ืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™. ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” (ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื) ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื”. ื”ืื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ืื™ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ื“ืœื™ืœ ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื›-48.6% ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ืš ื“ืชื™. ื”ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช: 10% ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืงืชื•ืœื™ื ื•-6.8% ืื ื’ืœื™ืงื ื™ื. ื–ืจื ื“ืชื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื˜ืื ื” (Ratana) ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื•ืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ืกื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›-6,867 ืื™ืฉ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช โ€“ ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืฆ'ืจืฅ'.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0.25
1
62
ืขืจื™ื ืชืื•ืžื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืžื™ื ื›ืŸ, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” (ืžึพ1954) ืฆืจืคืช ื ื™ืก, ืฆืจืคืช (ืžึพ1958) ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืžึพ1964) ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื“ื ื™ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ (ืžึพ1974) ืงื ื“ื” ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ, ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืงื ื“ื” (ืžึพ1977) ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืกืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื•, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช (ืžึพ1977) ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืืŸ, ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ (ืžึพ1985) ืกืคืจื“ ืกื’ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืกืคืจื“ (ืžึพ1985) ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ื‘, ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” (ืžึพ1989) ื“ื ืžืจืง ืื•ืœื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ื ืžืจืง (ืžึพ1991) ื™ืคืŸ ืžื—ื•ื– ืงื™ื•ื˜ื•, ื™ืคืŸ (ืžึพ1994) ื ืคืืœ ืงื˜ืžื ื“ื•, ื ืคืืœ (ืžึพ1994) ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืจืงื•ื‘, ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ (ืžึพ1995) ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืกื ื˜ ืคื˜ืจืกื‘ื•ืจื’, ืจื•ืกื™ื” (ืžึพ1995)
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืžืชื” ืกื‘ืœื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” (ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1848, 1855), ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืฆื ืงื• ืฉื‘ืจ ื’ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 1855 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช, ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช ื”ื™ื 8.2 ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืจื™ื›ื˜ืจ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืจืžื• ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ, ื•ืงื• ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื ืžืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื˜ื— ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™. ื‘ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืžืื– ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ 1855, ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืขืฅ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืฅ (ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืคืœื“ื” ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ). ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Edinburgh, โ€โ€โ’พโ€; ื‘ื’ืืœื™ืช ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืช: Dรนn รˆideann โ€“ ื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืืŸ) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืช'. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืจืช ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ืžืื– 1492, ื•ืžืฉื ืช 1999 ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™, ืฉื ื•ืกื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”", ืื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื• ื›ืืชืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืกืง"ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995. ื‘ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœ 2001 ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• 448,624 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื‘-2021 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ-526,470, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” - ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื’'ืื– ื•ื‘ืœื•ื–, ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืืžื ื•ืช, ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืžื“ืข, ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืœื•ืขื–ื™ (Hogmanay), ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืœื - ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ื—ื™ ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ โ€“ ื”ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ืžืขืœ 80% ืžื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืฆื™ ื”ืงืื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“. ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื (ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ื›ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื). ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืงื™ื•ื•ื™, ื”ืงืืงืืคื•, ื”ืžื•ืื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืืงืื”ื”.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืฆื‘ื ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ื, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-21 ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง ื•ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืืš ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™.
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื "ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช" ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื•ื™ืงื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื™ืจื™, ืžืกืข ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื—ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืง, 10 ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื‘ืืชืจ ynet, 10 ื‘ืžืื™ 2013 ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคืœืจโ€, ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืคืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื•ืืœื”, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2016 ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคืœืจโ€, ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืขื™ืคื”: ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื•ืืœื”, 03 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2018 ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคืœืจโ€, 7 ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื•ืืœื”, 20 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2019 ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื‘ืืชืจ GoTravel ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื‘ืืชืจ ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ืงื” (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช) ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื“ืฃ ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืกื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•. ืžื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืœืžืจื›ื– ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” "ืืจืช'ื•ืจ'ืก ืกื™ื˜" (Arthur's Seat "ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืืจืชื•ืจ"), ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืก (Palace of Holyrood House) ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื•. ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ื™, ื•ืขืœ ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื’ืขืฉ ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืจื™ื ืคืœื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื™ืœ ื”ื ื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืงื™ ืกื•ืœืกื‘ืจื™ ื•ื”ืคืงืง ื”ื’ืขืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ืฆื•ืง ื”ื˜ื™ืจื”" ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืจืช ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•. ืืจืช'ื•ืจ'ืก ืกื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืœื™ืจื•ื“ ืคืืจืง, ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืก. ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœืื ืฉื™ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื ื•ืคื™ื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ืฆื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื’ื‘ืขืช ืงืœื˜ื•ืŸ (Calton Hill). ืขืœื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื: ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆืคื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื ืœืกื•ื ืก ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื˜ (Nelson's Monument), ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืœื ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืชื ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•".
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1
62
ืฉืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” "ืื•ืœื“ ืจื™ืงื™" (Auld Reekie, ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืช ืœ"ืขึธืฉึตื ื” ื™ืฉื ื”"). ื™ืฉ ืฉืงืจืื• ืœืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• "ืืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ", ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืจืืชื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืืงืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก ื‘ืืชื•ื ื”. ืœืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื– ืื“ืžื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื”ื”ืจ ืืœ ื ืžืœ ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื›ืžื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื. ืืฃ ืฉืกื“ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-18, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” "ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืช", ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื. ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืื“ื ืกืžื™ืช' ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื™ื•ื• ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœืืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืจื•ืžื. ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืื•-ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื”ื ืจื™ ืคืœื™ื™ืคืจ, ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ (ืจืื• ืžื˜ื”). ืกื•ืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ "ืจื™ื™ืงื™ืื•ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืื™ื!"[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ื“ื ื™ื“ื™ืŸ (Dunedin), ืฉื ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืฉื ื”ืกืงื•ื˜-ื’ืืœื™. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ื ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื ืงืจืื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ "ื ื™ื• ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•", ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื". ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืคืจื’ื•ืกื•ืŸ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื "ืื“ื™ื ื”", ื•ื™ืฉ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” "ืืžื‘ืจื”". ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื˜ื“ื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื ืช 600 ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ "ืื” ื’ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ืŸ" (Y Gododdin), ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื”ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘"ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื“ื™ืŸ".
ืžื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“?
0
1