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according to the official twenty four histories , the history of ming compiled in 1739 by the subsequent qing dynasty ( 1644 1912 ) , the ming dynasty established the " l s army civilian marshal office " ( chinese : ) in western tibet and installed the " tsang itinerant high commandery " and " amdo kham itinerant high ... | where was the l s army civilian marshal office established ? | western tibet | 131 | 11 | 2 |
the ming court appointed three princes of dharma ( ) and five princes ( ) , and granted many other titles , such as grand state tutors ( ) and state tutors ( ) , to the important schools of tibetan buddhism , including the karma kagyu , sakya , and gelug . according to wang jiawei and nyima gyaincain , leading official... | how many princes of dharma were assigned by the ming court ? | three | 115 | 12 | 1 |
the ming court appointed three princes of dharma ( ) and five princes ( ) , and granted many other titles , such as grand state tutors ( ) and state tutors ( ) , to the important schools of tibetan buddhism , including the karma kagyu , sakya , and gelug . according to wang jiawei and nyima gyaincain , leading official... | who established the tibetan law code ? | tai situ changchub gyaltsen | 115 | 7 | 4 |
the ming court appointed three princes of dharma ( ) and five princes ( ) , and granted many other titles , such as grand state tutors ( ) and state tutors ( ) , to the important schools of tibetan buddhism , including the karma kagyu , sakya , and gelug . according to wang jiawei and nyima gyaincain , leading official... | who was the phagmodru ruler ? | tai situ changchub gyaltsen | 115 | 6 | 4 |
the late turrell v . wylie , a former professor of the university of washington , and li tieh tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored history of ming as a credible source on sino tibetan relations is questionable , in the light of modern scholarship . other historians also assert that these ming titles... | who was a professor of the university of washington ? | turrell v . wylie | 168 | 10 | 4 |
the late turrell v . wylie , a former professor of the university of washington , and li tieh tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored history of ming as a credible source on sino tibetan relations is questionable , in the light of modern scholarship . other historians also assert that these ming titles... | who had a large amount of contacts with china during yuan ? | tibet | 168 | 12 | 1 |
the late turrell v . wylie , a former professor of the university of washington , and li tieh tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored history of ming as a credible source on sino tibetan relations is questionable , in the light of modern scholarship . other historians also assert that these ming titles... | who believed that tibet barely had any diplomatic relations with the ming ? | morris rossabi | 168 | 13 | 2 |
historians disagree on what the relationship was between the ming court and tibet and whether or not ming china had sovereignty over tibet . van praag writes that chinese court historians viewed tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in tibet besides a lama patron relationship . the historian... | who supported van praag ' s beliefs ? | historian tsepon w . d . shakabpa | 86 | 8 | 7 |
historians disagree on what the relationship was between the ming court and tibet and whether or not ming china had sovereignty over tibet . van praag writes that chinese court historians viewed tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in tibet besides a lama patron relationship . the historian... | who did not agree with van praag and shakabpa ? | wang jiawei and nyima gyaincain | 86 | 10 | 5 |
journalist and author thomas laird , in his book the story of tibet : conversations with the dalai lama , writes that wang and nyima present the government viewpoint of the people ' s republic of china in their historical status of china ' s tibet , and fail to realize that china was " absorbed into a larger , non chin... | who wrote the book the story of tibet ? | journalist and author thomas laird | 175 | 9 | 5 |
journalist and author thomas laird , in his book the story of tibet : conversations with the dalai lama , writes that wang and nyima present the government viewpoint of the people ' s republic of china in their historical status of china ' s tibet , and fail to realize that china was " absorbed into a larger , non chin... | who colonized india and new zealand ? | the british | 175 | 7 | 2 |
journalist and author thomas laird , in his book the story of tibet : conversations with the dalai lama , writes that wang and nyima present the government viewpoint of the people ' s republic of china in their historical status of china ' s tibet , and fail to realize that china was " absorbed into a larger , non chin... | who ' s viewpoint does thomas laird believe wang and nyima present ? | the government viewpoint of the people ' s republic of china | 175 | 13 | 11 |
the official position of the ministry of foreign affairs of the people ' s republic of china is that the ming implemented a policy of managing tibet according to conventions and customs , granting titles and setting up administrative organs over tibet . the state council information office of the people ' s republic st... | who abolished the policy council ? | the ming | 154 | 6 | 2 |
the official position of the ministry of foreign affairs of the people ' s republic of china is that the ming implemented a policy of managing tibet according to conventions and customs , granting titles and setting up administrative organs over tibet . the state council information office of the people ' s republic st... | what was the tibetan leader choskunskyabs appointed as ? | the general of the ngari military and civil wanhu office | 154 | 9 | 10 |
the official position of the ministry of foreign affairs of the people ' s republic of china is that the ming implemented a policy of managing tibet according to conventions and customs , granting titles and setting up administrative organs over tibet . the state council information office of the people ' s republic st... | who governed most areas of tibet ? | ming dynasty ' s tsang commanding office | 154 | 7 | 7 |
according to tibetologist john powers , tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the chinese to tibetans with various titles which the tibetans gave to the chinese emperors and their officials . tribute missions from tibetan monasteries to the chinese court brought back not only titles , but large , ... | what was the name of the tibetologist ? | john powers | 97 | 8 | 2 |
according to tibetologist john powers , tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the chinese to tibetans with various titles which the tibetans gave to the chinese emperors and their officials . tribute missions from tibetan monasteries to the chinese court brought back not only titles , but large , ... | who did the ming emperors send invitations to ? | ruling lamas | 97 | 9 | 2 |
according to tibetologist john powers , tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the chinese to tibetans with various titles which the tibetans gave to the chinese emperors and their officials . tribute missions from tibetan monasteries to the chinese court brought back not only titles , but large , ... | when the lamas received an invite from the emperors , who did they send instead ? | subordinates | 97 | 16 | 1 |
hans bielenstein writes that as far back as the han dynasty ( 202 bce 220 ce ) , the han chinese government " maintained the fiction " that the foreign officials administering the various " dependent states " and oasis city states of the western regions ( composed of the tarim basin and oasis of turpan ) were true han ... | what was the western regions composed of ? | the tarim basin and oasis of turpan | 78 | 8 | 7 |
hans bielenstein writes that as far back as the han dynasty ( 202 bce 220 ce ) , the han chinese government " maintained the fiction " that the foreign officials administering the various " dependent states " and oasis city states of the western regions ( composed of the tarim basin and oasis of turpan ) were true han ... | who believed that they were the true han western representatives ? | foreign officials | 78 | 11 | 2 |
wang and nyima state that after the official title " education minister " was granted to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ( 1302 1364 ) by the yuan court , this title appeared frequently with his name in various tibetan texts , while his tibetan title " degsi " ( sic properly sde srid or desi ) is seldom mentioned . wang an... | what title was given by the yuan court to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ? | education minister | 146 | 14 | 2 |
wang and nyima state that after the official title " education minister " was granted to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ( 1302 1364 ) by the yuan court , this title appeared frequently with his name in various tibetan texts , while his tibetan title " degsi " ( sic properly sde srid or desi ) is seldom mentioned . wang an... | what tibetan title was hardly ever mentioned when referring to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ? | degsi | 146 | 15 | 1 |
wang and nyima state that after the official title " education minister " was granted to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ( 1302 1364 ) by the yuan court , this title appeared frequently with his name in various tibetan texts , while his tibetan title " degsi " ( sic properly sde srid or desi ) is seldom mentioned . wang an... | what dynasty kept a central local government relation with the yuan imperial court ? | phagmodrupa dynasty | 146 | 14 | 2 |
wang and nyima state that after the official title " education minister " was granted to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ( 1302 1364 ) by the yuan court , this title appeared frequently with his name in various tibetan texts , while his tibetan title " degsi " ( sic properly sde srid or desi ) is seldom mentioned . wang an... | what two people claim the title of education minister was often seen next to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ' s name in tibetan texts ? | wang and nyima | 146 | 25 | 3 |
wang and nyima state that after the official title " education minister " was granted to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ( 1302 1364 ) by the yuan court , this title appeared frequently with his name in various tibetan texts , while his tibetan title " degsi " ( sic properly sde srid or desi ) is seldom mentioned . wang an... | who wrote in their will that they received loving care from the emperor in the east ? | the tai situpa | 146 | 17 | 3 |
according to chen , the ming officer of hezhou ( modern day linxia ) informed the hongwu emperor that the general situation in dbus and gtsang " was under control , " and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second phagmodru ruler , jamyang shakya gyaltsen , an official title . according to the records of t... | who did the hongwu emperor grant the title initiation state master to ? | sagya gyaincain | 119 | 13 | 2 |
according to chen , the ming officer of hezhou ( modern day linxia ) informed the hongwu emperor that the general situation in dbus and gtsang " was under control , " and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second phagmodru ruler , jamyang shakya gyaltsen , an official title . according to the records of t... | who suggested to the emperor that an official title be granted to second phagmodru ruler ? | the ming officer of hezhou | 119 | 16 | 5 |
according to chen , the ming officer of hezhou ( modern day linxia ) informed the hongwu emperor that the general situation in dbus and gtsang " was under control , " and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second phagmodru ruler , jamyang shakya gyaltsen , an official title . according to the records of t... | who was the second phagmodru ruler ? | jamyang shakya gyaltsen | 119 | 7 | 3 |
according to chen , the ming officer of hezhou ( modern day linxia ) informed the hongwu emperor that the general situation in dbus and gtsang " was under control , " and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second phagmodru ruler , jamyang shakya gyaltsen , an official title . according to the records of t... | who told the emperor that the situation in dbus and gtsang were under control ? | the ming officer of hezhou | 119 | 15 | 5 |
according to chen , the ming officer of hezhou ( modern day linxia ) informed the hongwu emperor that the general situation in dbus and gtsang " was under control , " and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second phagmodru ruler , jamyang shakya gyaltsen , an official title . according to the records of t... | where were the envoys sent ? | to the ming court | 119 | 6 | 4 |
dreyfus writes that after the phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over tibet in 1434 , several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th dalai lama ' s effective hegemony over tibet . | who lost their power over tibet ? | the phagmodrupa | 43 | 7 | 2 |
dreyfus writes that after the phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over tibet in 1434 , several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th dalai lama ' s effective hegemony over tibet . | what year did the phagmodrupa lose their power over tibet ? | 1434 | 43 | 11 | 1 |
dreyfus writes that after the phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over tibet in 1434 , several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th dalai lama ' s effective hegemony over tibet . | what year did the 5th dalai lama start to dominate over tibet ? | 1642 | 43 | 13 | 1 |
dreyfus writes that after the phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over tibet in 1434 , several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th dalai lama ' s effective hegemony over tibet . | what did the other families fail to establish ? | hegemonies | 43 | 9 | 1 |
the ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the karmapa kargyu , but the latter had previously declined mongol invitations to receive titles . when the ming yongle emperor invited je tsongkhapa ( 1357 1419 ) , founder of the gelug school , to come to the ming court and pay tribute , the latter declined ... | the ming dynasty granted what titles to lamas of schools ? | the karmapa kargyu | 112 | 11 | 3 |
the ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the karmapa kargyu , but the latter had previously declined mongol invitations to receive titles . when the ming yongle emperor invited je tsongkhapa ( 1357 1419 ) , founder of the gelug school , to come to the ming court and pay tribute , the latter declined ... | who did the ming dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations ? | mongol | 112 | 12 | 1 |
the ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the karmapa kargyu , but the latter had previously declined mongol invitations to receive titles . when the ming yongle emperor invited je tsongkhapa ( 1357 1419 ) , founder of the gelug school , to come to the ming court and pay tribute , the latter declined ... | who was the founder of the gelug school ? | je tsongkhapa | 112 | 9 | 2 |
the ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the karmapa kargyu , but the latter had previously declined mongol invitations to receive titles . when the ming yongle emperor invited je tsongkhapa ( 1357 1419 ) , founder of the gelug school , to come to the ming court and pay tribute , the latter declined ... | who invited je tsongkhapa to come pay tribute ? | the ming yongle emperor | 112 | 9 | 4 |
the ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the karmapa kargyu , but the latter had previously declined mongol invitations to receive titles . when the ming yongle emperor invited je tsongkhapa ( 1357 1419 ) , founder of the gelug school , to come to the ming court and pay tribute , the latter declined ... | who wrote the letter declining the emperor ' s invitation ? | tsongkhapa | 112 | 11 | 1 |
dawa norbu argues that modern chinese communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the ming simply reappointed old yuan dynasty officials in tibet and perpetuated their rule of tibet in this manner . norbu writes that , although this would have been true for the eastern tibetan regions of amdo and kham ' s... | who believed the ming reappointed old yuan dynasty officials in tibet ? | dawa norbu | 111 | 12 | 2 |
laird writes that the ming appointed titles to eastern tibetan princes , and that " these alliances with eastern tibetan principalities are the evidence china now produces for its assertion that the ming ruled tibet , " despite the fact that the ming did not send an army to replace the mongols after they left tibet . y... | who did the ming appoint titles to ? | eastern tibetan princes | 90 | 8 | 3 |
laird writes that the ming appointed titles to eastern tibetan princes , and that " these alliances with eastern tibetan principalities are the evidence china now produces for its assertion that the ming ruled tibet , " despite the fact that the ming did not send an army to replace the mongols after they left tibet . y... | what didn ' t the ming send to replace the mongols when they left tibet ? | an army | 90 | 16 | 2 |
laird writes that the ming appointed titles to eastern tibetan princes , and that " these alliances with eastern tibetan principalities are the evidence china now produces for its assertion that the ming ruled tibet , " despite the fact that the ming did not send an army to replace the mongols after they left tibet . y... | what does yiu yung chin claim the ming did not possess ? | tibet | 90 | 12 | 1 |
shih shan henry tsai writes that the yongle emperor sent his eunuch yang sanbao into tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various tibetan princes , while the yongle emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as nepal and tibet . howeve... | what was the name of the eunuch ? | yang sanbao | 89 | 8 | 2 |
shih shan henry tsai writes that the yongle emperor sent his eunuch yang sanbao into tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various tibetan princes , while the yongle emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as nepal and tibet . howeve... | where did the yongle emperor send yang sanbao ? | tibet | 89 | 9 | 1 |
shih shan henry tsai writes that the yongle emperor sent his eunuch yang sanbao into tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various tibetan princes , while the yongle emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as nepal and tibet . howeve... | when did yongle emperor send yang sanbao into tibet ? | 1413 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
shih shan henry tsai writes that the yongle emperor sent his eunuch yang sanbao into tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various tibetan princes , while the yongle emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as nepal and tibet . howeve... | why did yongle emperor send yang sanbao into tibet ? | the allegiance of various tibetan princes | 89 | 10 | 6 |
shih shan henry tsai writes that the yongle emperor sent his eunuch yang sanbao into tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various tibetan princes , while the yongle emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as nepal and tibet . howeve... | why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts ? | to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states | 89 | 11 | 8 |
even though the gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the ming court up until the 1430s , the gelug was not mentioned in the mingshi or the mingshi lu . on this , historian li tieh tseng says of tsongkhapa ' s refusal of ming invitations to visit the yongle emperor ' s court : | who did the gelug exchange gifts with ? | the ming court | 57 | 8 | 3 |
even though the gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the ming court up until the 1430s , the gelug was not mentioned in the mingshi or the mingshi lu . on this , historian li tieh tseng says of tsongkhapa ' s refusal of ming invitations to visit the yongle emperor ' s court : | until what year frame did the gelug exchange gifts with the the ming ? | 1430s | 57 | 14 | 1 |
even though the gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the ming court up until the 1430s , the gelug was not mentioned in the mingshi or the mingshi lu . on this , historian li tieh tseng says of tsongkhapa ' s refusal of ming invitations to visit the yongle emperor ' s court : | what was the gelug not mentioned in ? | the mingshi or the mingshi lu | 57 | 8 | 6 |
wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the history of ming distorts the true picture of the history of sino tibetan relations , while the ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in tibet between competing buddhist factions . wylie argues that ... | regardless of their sectarian affiliations , who did the ming grant titles to ? | various lamas | 103 | 14 | 2 |
wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the history of ming distorts the true picture of the history of sino tibetan relations , while the ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in tibet between competing buddhist factions . wylie argues that ... | who was the viceregal sakya regime overthrown by ? | the phagmodru myriarchy | 103 | 9 | 3 |
helmut hoffman states that the ming upheld the facade of rule over tibet through periodic missions of " tribute emissaries " to the ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas , but did not actually interfere in tibetan governance . melvyn c . goldstein writes that the ming had no real administrative auth... | who believed that the ming had no real authority over tibet ? | melvyn c . goldstein | 140 | 12 | 4 |
helmut hoffman states that the ming upheld the facade of rule over tibet through periodic missions of " tribute emissaries " to the ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas , but did not actually interfere in tibetan governance . melvyn c . goldstein writes that the ming had no real administrative auth... | what years did the rinpungpa regime start and end ? | 1435 1565 | 140 | 10 | 2 |
helmut hoffman states that the ming upheld the facade of rule over tibet through periodic missions of " tribute emissaries " to the ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas , but did not actually interfere in tibetan governance . melvyn c . goldstein writes that the ming had no real administrative auth... | who believed that the titles given to tibetan leaders did not confer authority ? | melvyn c . goldstein | 140 | 14 | 4 |
helmut hoffman states that the ming upheld the facade of rule over tibet through periodic missions of " tribute emissaries " to the ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas , but did not actually interfere in tibetan governance . melvyn c . goldstein writes that the ming had no real administrative auth... | what years did the tsangpa start and end ? | 1565 1642 | 140 | 9 | 2 |
in his usurpation of the throne from the jianwen emperor ( r . 1398 1402 ) , the yongle emperor was aided by the buddhist monk yao guangxiao , and like his father , the hongwu emperor , the yongle emperor was " well disposed towards buddhism " , claims rossabi . on march 10 , 1403 , the yongle emperor invited deshin sh... | what year did the jianwen emperor reign start and end ? | 1398 1402 | 127 | 11 | 2 |
in his usurpation of the throne from the jianwen emperor ( r . 1398 1402 ) , the yongle emperor was aided by the buddhist monk yao guangxiao , and like his father , the hongwu emperor , the yongle emperor was " well disposed towards buddhism " , claims rossabi . on march 10 , 1403 , the yongle emperor invited deshin sh... | who aided the yongle emperor ? | the buddhist monk yao guangxiao | 127 | 6 | 5 |
in his usurpation of the throne from the jianwen emperor ( r . 1398 1402 ) , the yongle emperor was aided by the buddhist monk yao guangxiao , and like his father , the hongwu emperor , the yongle emperor was " well disposed towards buddhism " , claims rossabi . on march 10 , 1403 , the yongle emperor invited deshin sh... | who was yongle emperor ' s father ? | the hongwu emperor | 127 | 8 | 3 |
in his usurpation of the throne from the jianwen emperor ( r . 1398 1402 ) , the yongle emperor was aided by the buddhist monk yao guangxiao , and like his father , the hongwu emperor , the yongle emperor was " well disposed towards buddhism " , claims rossabi . on march 10 , 1403 , the yongle emperor invited deshin sh... | when did the yongle emperor invite deshin shekpa to his court ? | march 10 , 1403 | 127 | 12 | 4 |
in order to seek out the karmapa , the yongle emperor dispatched his eunuch hou xian and the buddhist monk zhi guang ( d . 1435 ) to tibet . traveling to lhasa either through qinghai or via the silk road to khotan , hou xian and zhi guang did not return to nanjing until 1407 . | who did the yongle emperor send to tibet ? | hou xian and the buddhist monk zhi guang | 57 | 9 | 8 |
in order to seek out the karmapa , the yongle emperor dispatched his eunuch hou xian and the buddhist monk zhi guang ( d . 1435 ) to tibet . traveling to lhasa either through qinghai or via the silk road to khotan , hou xian and zhi guang did not return to nanjing until 1407 . | why did the yongle emperor send hou xian and zhi guang to tibet ? | to seek out the karmapa | 57 | 14 | 5 |
in order to seek out the karmapa , the yongle emperor dispatched his eunuch hou xian and the buddhist monk zhi guang ( d . 1435 ) to tibet . traveling to lhasa either through qinghai or via the silk road to khotan , hou xian and zhi guang did not return to nanjing until 1407 . | when did hou xian and zhi guang return to nanjing ? | 1407 | 57 | 11 | 1 |
in order to seek out the karmapa , the yongle emperor dispatched his eunuch hou xian and the buddhist monk zhi guang ( d . 1435 ) to tibet . traveling to lhasa either through qinghai or via the silk road to khotan , hou xian and zhi guang did not return to nanjing until 1407 . | where did hou xian and zhi guang travel through on their way to the karmapa ? | through qinghai or via the silk road to khotan | 57 | 16 | 9 |
during his travels beginning in 1403 , deshin shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the ming court to visit nanjing by april 10 , 1407 . norbu writes that the yongle emperor , following the tradition of mongol emperors and their reverence for the sakya lamas , showed an enormous amount of deference towards desh... | when did deshin shekpa travels start ? | 1403 | 150 | 7 | 1 |
during his travels beginning in 1403 , deshin shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the ming court to visit nanjing by april 10 , 1407 . norbu writes that the yongle emperor , following the tradition of mongol emperors and their reverence for the sakya lamas , showed an enormous amount of deference towards desh... | where did the yongle emperor greet the karmapa ? | nanjing | 150 | 9 | 1 |
during his travels beginning in 1403 , deshin shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the ming court to visit nanjing by april 10 , 1407 . norbu writes that the yongle emperor , following the tradition of mongol emperors and their reverence for the sakya lamas , showed an enormous amount of deference towards desh... | who did the emperor give the place of honor at his left to ? | the karmapa | 150 | 14 | 2 |
during his travels beginning in 1403 , deshin shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the ming court to visit nanjing by april 10 , 1407 . norbu writes that the yongle emperor , following the tradition of mongol emperors and their reverence for the sakya lamas , showed an enormous amount of deference towards desh... | who sat on a lower platform than the tibetan cleric ? | kublai | 150 | 11 | 1 |
during his travels beginning in 1403 , deshin shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the ming court to visit nanjing by april 10 , 1407 . norbu writes that the yongle emperor , following the tradition of mongol emperors and their reverence for the sakya lamas , showed an enormous amount of deference towards desh... | who showed a great amount of respect to deshin shekpa ? | the yongle emperor | 150 | 11 | 3 |
tibetan sources say deshin shekpa also persuaded the yongle emperor not to impose his military might on tibet as the mongols had previously done . thinley writes that before the karmapa returned to tibet , the yongle emperor began planning to send a military force into tibet to forcibly give the karmapa authority over ... | who imposed on the military might on tibet in the past ? | the mongols | 101 | 12 | 2 |
tibetan sources say deshin shekpa also persuaded the yongle emperor not to impose his military might on tibet as the mongols had previously done . thinley writes that before the karmapa returned to tibet , the yongle emperor began planning to send a military force into tibet to forcibly give the karmapa authority over ... | hok lam chan states that deshin skekpa was only invited for what purpose ? | religious purposes | 101 | 14 | 2 |
tibetan sources say deshin shekpa also persuaded the yongle emperor not to impose his military might on tibet as the mongols had previously done . thinley writes that before the karmapa returned to tibet , the yongle emperor began planning to send a military force into tibet to forcibly give the karmapa authority over ... | what was said to be the yongle emperor plans ? | to send a military force into tibet | 101 | 10 | 7 |
tibetan sources say deshin shekpa also persuaded the yongle emperor not to impose his military might on tibet as the mongols had previously done . thinley writes that before the karmapa returned to tibet , the yongle emperor began planning to send a military force into tibet to forcibly give the karmapa authority over ... | why was the yongle emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into tibet ? | to forcibly give the karmapa authority over all the tibetan buddhist schools | 101 | 17 | 12 |
tibetan sources say deshin shekpa also persuaded the yongle emperor not to impose his military might on tibet as the mongols had previously done . thinley writes that before the karmapa returned to tibet , the yongle emperor began planning to send a military force into tibet to forcibly give the karmapa authority over ... | who convinced the yongle emperor not to send military forces into tibet ? | deshin shekpa | 101 | 13 | 2 |
marsha weidner states that deshin shekpa ' s miracles " testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru and served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor ' s problematic succession to the throne , " referring to the yongle emperor ' s conflict with the previous jianwen emperor . tsai writes that deshin shekpa a... | who did the yongle emperor have a conflict with ? | jianwen emperor | 90 | 10 | 2 |
marsha weidner states that deshin shekpa ' s miracles " testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru and served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor ' s problematic succession to the throne , " referring to the yongle emperor ' s conflict with the previous jianwen emperor . tsai writes that deshin shekpa a... | who aided the legitimacy of the yongle emperor ' s rule ? | deshin shekpa | 90 | 12 | 2 |
marsha weidner states that deshin shekpa ' s miracles " testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru and served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor ' s problematic succession to the throne , " referring to the yongle emperor ' s conflict with the previous jianwen emperor . tsai writes that deshin shekpa a... | what served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor ' s succession to the throne ? | deshin shekpa ' s miracles | 90 | 16 | 5 |
the information office of the state council of the prc preserves an edict of the zhengtong emperor ( r . 1435 1449 ) addressed to the karmapa in 1445 , written after the latter ' s agent had brought holy relics to the ming court . zhengtong had the following message delivered to the great treasure prince of dharma , th... | what years did the zhengtong emperor reign ? | 1435 1449 | 63 | 8 | 2 |
the information office of the state council of the prc preserves an edict of the zhengtong emperor ( r . 1435 1449 ) addressed to the karmapa in 1445 , written after the latter ' s agent had brought holy relics to the ming court . zhengtong had the following message delivered to the great treasure prince of dharma , th... | who maintains an edict of the zhengtong emperor ? | the information office of the state council of the prc | 63 | 9 | 10 |
the information office of the state council of the prc preserves an edict of the zhengtong emperor ( r . 1435 1449 ) addressed to the karmapa in 1445 , written after the latter ' s agent had brought holy relics to the ming court . zhengtong had the following message delivered to the great treasure prince of dharma , th... | who was the edict addressed to ? | the karmapa | 63 | 7 | 2 |
the information office of the state council of the prc preserves an edict of the zhengtong emperor ( r . 1435 1449 ) addressed to the karmapa in 1445 , written after the latter ' s agent had brought holy relics to the ming court . zhengtong had the following message delivered to the great treasure prince of dharma , th... | who had a message delivered to them by zhengtong ? | great treasure prince of dharma | 63 | 10 | 5 |
the information office of the state council of the prc preserves an edict of the zhengtong emperor ( r . 1435 1449 ) addressed to the karmapa in 1445 , written after the latter ' s agent had brought holy relics to the ming court . zhengtong had the following message delivered to the great treasure prince of dharma , th... | when was the edict written ? | after the latter ' s agent had brought holy relics to the ming court | 63 | 6 | 14 |
despite this glowing message by the emperor , chan writes that a year later in 1446 , the ming court cut off all relations with the karmapa hierarchs . until then , the court was unaware that deshin shekpa had died in 1415 . the ming court had believed that the representatives of the karma kagyu who continued to visit ... | who did the ming cut off all relations with ? | the karmapa hierarchs | 69 | 10 | 3 |
despite this glowing message by the emperor , chan writes that a year later in 1446 , the ming court cut off all relations with the karmapa hierarchs . until then , the court was unaware that deshin shekpa had died in 1415 . the ming court had believed that the representatives of the karma kagyu who continued to visit ... | what year did the ming cut off the karmapa hierarchs ? | 1446 | 69 | 11 | 1 |
despite this glowing message by the emperor , chan writes that a year later in 1446 , the ming court cut off all relations with the karmapa hierarchs . until then , the court was unaware that deshin shekpa had died in 1415 . the ming court had believed that the representatives of the karma kagyu who continued to visit ... | when did deshin shekpa die ? | 1415 | 69 | 6 | 1 |
despite this glowing message by the emperor , chan writes that a year later in 1446 , the ming court cut off all relations with the karmapa hierarchs . until then , the court was unaware that deshin shekpa had died in 1415 . the ming court had believed that the representatives of the karma kagyu who continued to visit ... | who did the ming court think the representatives were sent by ? | the karmapa | 69 | 12 | 2 |
josef kolma , a sinologist , tibetologist , and professor of oriental studies at the academy of sciences of the czech republic , writes that it was during the qing dynasty " that developments took place on the basis of which tibet came to be considered an organic part of china , both practically and theoretically subje... | during which dynasty does josef kolma claim tibet was considered an organic part of china ? | the qing dynasty | 84 | 16 | 3 |
josef kolma , a sinologist , tibetologist , and professor of oriental studies at the academy of sciences of the czech republic , writes that it was during the qing dynasty " that developments took place on the basis of which tibet came to be considered an organic part of china , both practically and theoretically subje... | josef kolma states that tibet became subject to what government ? | the chinese central government | 84 | 11 | 4 |
p . christiaan klieger , an anthropologist and scholar of the california academy of sciences in san francisco , writes that the vice royalty of the sakya regime installed by the mongols established a patron and priest relationship between tibetans and mongol converts to tibetan buddhism . according to him , the tibetan... | who does p . christiaan klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate ? | the tibetan lamas and mongol khans | 121 | 17 | 6 |
p . christiaan klieger , an anthropologist and scholar of the california academy of sciences in san francisco , writes that the vice royalty of the sakya regime installed by the mongols established a patron and priest relationship between tibetans and mongol converts to tibetan buddhism . according to him , the tibetan... | who does p . christiaan klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries ? | the republic of china and its communist successors | 121 | 13 | 8 |
p . christiaan klieger , an anthropologist and scholar of the california academy of sciences in san francisco , writes that the vice royalty of the sakya regime installed by the mongols established a patron and priest relationship between tibetans and mongol converts to tibetan buddhism . according to him , the tibetan... | where does p . christiaan klieger work ? | the california academy of sciences in san francisco | 121 | 8 | 8 |
p . christiaan klieger , an anthropologist and scholar of the california academy of sciences in san francisco , writes that the vice royalty of the sakya regime installed by the mongols established a patron and priest relationship between tibetans and mongol converts to tibetan buddhism . according to him , the tibetan... | who was the vice royalty of the sakya regime established by ? | the mongols | 121 | 12 | 2 |
p . christiaan klieger , an anthropologist and scholar of the california academy of sciences in san francisco , writes that the vice royalty of the sakya regime installed by the mongols established a patron and priest relationship between tibetans and mongol converts to tibetan buddhism . according to him , the tibetan... | the sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the tibetans and mongol converts ? | patron and priest relationship | 121 | 15 | 4 |
china daily , a ccp controlled news organization since 1981 , states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after tibet was incorporated into the territory of yuan dynasty ' s china in the 13th century , " tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of china . " it also stat... | when was tibet included into the territory of yuan dynasty ' s china ? | the 13th century | 168 | 14 | 3 |
china daily , a ccp controlled news organization since 1981 , states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after tibet was incorporated into the territory of yuan dynasty ' s china in the 13th century , " tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of china . " it also stat... | who was said to have gained the right to rule tibet ? | the ming dynasty | 168 | 12 | 3 |
china daily , a ccp controlled news organization since 1981 , states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after tibet was incorporated into the territory of yuan dynasty ' s china in the 13th century , " tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of china . " it also stat... | when was china daily started ? | 1981 | 168 | 6 | 1 |
china daily , a ccp controlled news organization since 1981 , states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after tibet was incorporated into the territory of yuan dynasty ' s china in the 13th century , " tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of china . " it also stat... | who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over tibet ? | the ming | 168 | 13 | 2 |
china daily , a ccp controlled news organization since 1981 , states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after tibet was incorporated into the territory of yuan dynasty ' s china in the 13th century , " tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of china . " it also stat... | according to article tibet has remained under what jurisdiction ? | the central government of china | 168 | 10 | 5 |
during the reign of the jiajing emperor ( r . 1521 1567 ) , the native chinese ideology of daoism was fully sponsored at the ming court , while tibetan vajrayana and even chinese buddhism were ignored or suppressed . even the history of ming states that the tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to ming china and its c... | when did the jiajing emperor reign ? | 1521 1567 | 140 | 7 | 2 |
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