context
stringlengths
152
1.15k
question
stringlengths
13
207
answer
stringlengths
1
171
context_length
int64
22
175
question_length
int64
3
30
answer_length
int64
0
30
active solar techniques use photovoltaics , concentrated solar power , solar thermal collectors , pumps , and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs . passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties , designing spaces that naturally circulate air , and referencing the positi...
are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive ?
passive
87
10
1
active solar techniques use photovoltaics , concentrated solar power , solar thermal collectors , pumps , and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs . passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties , designing spaces that naturally circulate air , and referencing the positi...
what is an active solar technique used to generate energy ?
solar thermal collectors
87
11
3
active solar techniques use photovoltaics , concentrated solar power , solar thermal collectors , pumps , and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs . passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties , designing spaces that naturally circulate air , and referencing the positi...
what is an active solar technique used to generate energy ?
designing spaces that naturally circulate air
87
11
6
active solar techniques use photovoltaics , concentrated solar power , solar thermal collectors , pumps , and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs . passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties , designing spaces that naturally circulate air , and referencing the positi...
what does an active solar technique do ?
increase the supply of energy
87
8
5
active solar techniques use photovoltaics , concentrated solar power , solar thermal collectors , pumps , and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs . passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties , designing spaces that naturally circulate air , and referencing the positi...
what does a passive solar technique do ?
reduce the need for alternate resources
87
8
6
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
what was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897 ?
frank shuman
157
15
2
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
in what year was the sun power company formed ?
1908
157
10
1
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
shuman patented his solar engine system in what year ?
1912
157
10
1
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
who is frank shuman ?
a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer
157
5
12
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
in what year did solar engine build his solar engine ?
1897
157
11
1
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
what was the solar engine used to power ?
steam engine
157
9
2
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
in what year was the sun power company established ?
1908
157
10
1
in 1897 , frank shuman , a u . s . inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam eng...
in what year did frank shuman patent his solar engine ?
1912
157
11
1
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
where did shuman build the world ' s first solar thermal power station ?
maadi , egypt
133
14
3
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
how many liters of water per minute did shuman ' s engine pump in litres ?
22 , 000
133
16
3
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
in what decade were shuman ' s ideas about solar energy revived ?
the 1970s
133
13
2
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
where was the first solar thermal power plant built ?
maadi , egypt
133
10
3
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
what was used to power the plants engine ?
parabolic troughs
133
9
2
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
from what river did the engine pump water ?
nile river
133
9
2
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
what slowed down the growth of solar energy ?
the outbreak of world war i and the discovery of cheap oil
133
9
12
shuman built the world s first solar thermal power station in maadi , egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . shuman s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 52 kilowatts ( 60 70 hp ) engine that pumped more than 22 , 000 litres ( 4 , 800 imp gal 5 , 800 us gal ) of water per minute from the nile river to adjacent cotton f...
when was the interest in solar energy restored ?
the 1970s
133
9
2
solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water . in low geographical latitudes ( below 40 degrees ) from 60 to 70 of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 c can be provided by solar heating systems . the most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors ( 44 ) and glazed flat pl...
according to shuman , up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems ?
70
86
20
1
solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water . in low geographical latitudes ( below 40 degrees ) from 60 to 70 of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 c can be provided by solar heating systems . the most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors ( 44 ) and glazed flat pl...
what do solar hot water systems use to heat water ?
sunlight
86
11
1
solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water . in low geographical latitudes ( below 40 degrees ) from 60 to 70 of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 c can be provided by solar heating systems . the most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors ( 44 ) and glazed flat pl...
how much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes ?
60 to 70 of the domestic hot water
86
16
8
solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water . in low geographical latitudes ( below 40 degrees ) from 60 to 70 of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 c can be provided by solar heating systems . the most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors ( 44 ) and glazed flat pl...
what is a common type of solar water heater ?
evacuated tube collectors
86
10
3
solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water . in low geographical latitudes ( below 40 degrees ) from 60 to 70 of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 c can be provided by solar heating systems . the most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors ( 44 ) and glazed flat pl...
what type of solar water heater is used to heat pools ?
unglazed plastic collectors
86
12
3
as of 2007 , the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt ( gwth ) . china is the world leader in their deployment with 70 gwth installed as of 2006 and a long term goal of 210 gwth by 2020 . israel and cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water syst...
what was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts ?
154
102
15
1
as of 2007 , the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt ( gwth ) . china is the world leader in their deployment with 70 gwth installed as of 2006 and a long term goal of 210 gwth by 2020 . israel and cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water syst...
over 90 of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries ?
israel and cyprus
102
14
3
as of 2007 , the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt ( gwth ) . china is the world leader in their deployment with 70 gwth installed as of 2006 and a long term goal of 210 gwth by 2020 . israel and cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water syst...
what is the capacity of a solar hot water system ?
approximately 154 thermal gigawatt
102
11
4
as of 2007 , the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt ( gwth ) . china is the world leader in their deployment with 70 gwth installed as of 2006 and a long term goal of 210 gwth by 2020 . israel and cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water syst...
what country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems ?
china
102
15
1
as of 2007 , the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt ( gwth ) . china is the world leader in their deployment with 70 gwth installed as of 2006 and a long term goal of 210 gwth by 2020 . israel and cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water syst...
what percentage of households use solar hot water systems in israel and cyprus ?
over 90
102
14
2
as of 2007 , the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt ( gwth ) . china is the world leader in their deployment with 70 gwth installed as of 2006 and a long term goal of 210 gwth by 2020 . israel and cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water syst...
in what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w swimming pools ?
united states , canada and australia
102
17
6
in the united states , heating , ventilation and air conditioning ( hvac ) systems account for 30 ( 4 . 65 ej yr ) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50 ( 10 . 1 ej yr ) of the energy used in residential buildings . solar heating , cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion ...
what percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from hvac systems ?
50
68
12
1
in the united states , heating , ventilation and air conditioning ( hvac ) systems account for 30 ( 4 . 65 ej yr ) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50 ( 10 . 1 ej yr ) of the energy used in residential buildings . solar heating , cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion ...
how much energy does an hvac system use in commercial locations ?
30 ( 4 . 65 ej yr )
68
12
8
in the united states , heating , ventilation and air conditioning ( hvac ) systems account for 30 ( 4 . 65 ej yr ) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50 ( 10 . 1 ej yr ) of the energy used in residential buildings . solar heating , cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion ...
how much energy does an hvac system use in residential locations ?
50 ( 10 . 1 ej yr )
68
12
8
in the united states , heating , ventilation and air conditioning ( hvac ) systems account for 30 ( 4 . 65 ej yr ) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50 ( 10 . 1 ej yr ) of the energy used in residential buildings . solar heating , cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion ...
what can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by hvac systems ?
solar heating , cooling and ventilation technologies
68
17
7
thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat heat from the sun in the case of solar energy . common thermal mass materials include stone , cement and water . historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and rad...
materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass ?
thermal
128
16
1
thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat heat from the sun in the case of solar energy . common thermal mass materials include stone , cement and water . historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and rad...
what is thermal mass ?
any material that can be used to store heat
128
5
9
thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat heat from the sun in the case of solar energy . common thermal mass materials include stone , cement and water . historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and rad...
what are typical thermal mass material ?
stone , cement and water
128
7
5
thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat heat from the sun in the case of solar energy . common thermal mass materials include stone , cement and water . historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and rad...
how is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool ?
by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night
128
10
17
thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat heat from the sun in the case of solar energy . common thermal mass materials include stone , cement and water . historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and rad...
what is a something that determines the size of thermal mass ?
climates
128
12
1
thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat heat from the sun in the case of solar energy . common thermal mass materials include stone , cement and water . historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and rad...
what does thermal mass reduce the need for ?
auxiliary heating and cooling equipment
128
9
5
a solar chimney ( or thermal chimney , in this context ) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building . as the chimney warms , the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building . performance can be improved by using g...
what kind of system is a solar chimney ?
passive solar ventilation
70
9
3
a solar chimney ( or thermal chimney , in this context ) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building . as the chimney warms , the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building . performance can be improved by using g...
what is a solar chimney ?
a passive solar ventilation system
70
6
5
a solar chimney ( or thermal chimney , in this context ) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building . as the chimney warms , the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building . performance can be improved by using g...
what is a solar chimney made of ?
a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building
70
8
11
a solar chimney ( or thermal chimney , in this context ) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building . as the chimney warms , the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building . performance can be improved by using g...
how can the performance of a solar chimney be improved ?
by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses
70
11
13
deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling . when planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere , their leaves provide shade during the summer , while the bare limbs allow light to pass during ...
the placement of deciduous trees on the equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season ?
winter
150
25
1
deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling . when planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere , their leaves provide shade during the summer , while the bare limbs allow light to pass during ...
what is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling ?
trees and plants
150
13
3
deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling . when planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere , their leaves provide shade during the summer , while the bare limbs allow light to pass during ...
how much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees ?
1 3 to 1 2
150
10
5
deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling . when planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere , their leaves provide shade during the summer , while the bare limbs allow light to pass during ...
why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator ?
they will interfere with winter solar availability
150
16
7
deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling . when planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere , their leaves provide shade during the summer , while the bare limbs allow light to pass during ...
what side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter ?
east and west
150
18
3
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
horace de saussure built the first box cooker in what year ?
1767
156
12
1
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
reflector cookers can reach temperatures in celsius of up to what ?
315
156
12
1
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
what are solar cookers used for ?
cooking , drying and pasteurization
156
7
5
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
what are the 3 main categories of solar cookers ?
box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers
156
10
8
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
who created the box cooker ?
horace de saussure
156
6
3
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
what is the typical temperature range for a box cooker ?
90 150 c ( 194 302 f )
156
11
8
solar cookers use sunlight for cooking , drying and pasteurization . they can be grouped into three broad categories : box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers . the simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by horace de saussure in 1767 . a basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a ...
what do reflector cookers require to function ?
direct light
156
8
2
solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . the first recorded instance of this was by 16th century arab alchemists . a large scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the chilean mining town of las salinas . the plant , which had solar collection area of 4 , 700 m2...
in what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in las salinas ?
1872
162
15
1
solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . the first recorded instance of this was by 16th century arab alchemists . a large scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the chilean mining town of las salinas . the plant , which had solar collection area of 4 , 700 m2...
what is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable ?
solar distillation
162
11
2
solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . the first recorded instance of this was by 16th century arab alchemists . a large scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the chilean mining town of las salinas . the plant , which had solar collection area of 4 , 700 m2...
by who was the first record of solar distillation done by ?
16th century arab alchemists
162
12
4
solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . the first recorded instance of this was by 16th century arab alchemists . a large scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the chilean mining town of las salinas . the plant , which had solar collection area of 4 , 700 m2...
when was the first large solar distillation plant created ?
1872
162
10
1
solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . the first recorded instance of this was by 16th century arab alchemists . a large scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the chilean mining town of las salinas . the plant , which had solar collection area of 4 , 700 m2...
how much water was produced by the plant ?
22 , 700 l ( 5 , 000 imp gal 6 , 000 us gal ) per day
162
9
18
solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . the first recorded instance of this was by 16th century arab alchemists . a large scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the chilean mining town of las salinas . the plant , which had solar collection area of 4 , 700 m2...
what is an example of a solar distillation design ?
single slope
162
10
2
solar water disinfection ( sodis ) involves exposing water filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate ( pet ) bottles to sunlight for several hours . exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions . it is recommended by the world health organ...
solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization ?
the world health organization
81
9
4
solar water disinfection ( sodis ) involves exposing water filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate ( pet ) bottles to sunlight for several hours . exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions . it is recommended by the world health organ...
how long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during solar water disinfection ?
a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions
81
18
12
solar water disinfection ( sodis ) involves exposing water filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate ( pet ) bottles to sunlight for several hours . exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions . it is recommended by the world health organ...
what does the world health organization say about solar water disinfection ?
a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage
81
12
10
solar water disinfection ( sodis ) involves exposing water filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate ( pet ) bottles to sunlight for several hours . exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions . it is recommended by the world health organ...
how many people use solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water ?
over two million people in developing countries
81
13
7
solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity . a further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis , although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable .
what is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds ?
toxic chemicals
49
13
2
solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity . a further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis , although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable .
for what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond ?
to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity
49
14
8
solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity . a further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis , although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable .
what is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable ?
algae may produce toxic chemicals
49
16
5
solar power is anticipated to become the world ' s largest source of electricity by 2050 , with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption , respectively .
by what year is solar power expected to become the world ' s greatest source of electricity ?
2050
37
18
1
solar power is anticipated to become the world ' s largest source of electricity by 2050 , with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption , respectively .
when is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity ?
2050
37
14
1
commercial csp plants were first developed in the 1980s . since 1985 the eventually 354 mw segs csp installation , in the mojave desert of california , is the largest solar power plant in the world . other large csp plants include the 150 mw solnova solar power station and the 100 mw andasol solar power station , both ...
the largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert ?
the mojave desert
147
14
3
commercial csp plants were first developed in the 1980s . since 1985 the eventually 354 mw segs csp installation , in the mojave desert of california , is the largest solar power plant in the world . other large csp plants include the 150 mw solnova solar power station and the 100 mw andasol solar power station , both ...
less than 1 of the world ' s total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year ?
2013
147
20
1
commercial csp plants were first developed in the 1980s . since 1985 the eventually 354 mw segs csp installation , in the mojave desert of california , is the largest solar power plant in the world . other large csp plants include the 150 mw solnova solar power station and the 100 mw andasol solar power station , both ...
what is the largest solar power plant in the world ?
354 mw segs csp
147
11
4
commercial csp plants were first developed in the 1980s . since 1985 the eventually 354 mw segs csp installation , in the mojave desert of california , is the largest solar power plant in the world . other large csp plants include the 150 mw solnova solar power station and the 100 mw andasol solar power station , both ...
where is the largest solar power plant in the world located ?
mojave desert of california
147
12
4
commercial csp plants were first developed in the 1980s . since 1985 the eventually 354 mw segs csp installation , in the mojave desert of california , is the largest solar power plant in the world . other large csp plants include the 150 mw solnova solar power station and the 100 mw andasol solar power station , both ...
what are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants ?
the 250 mw agua caliente solar project , in the united states , and the 221 mw charanka solar park in india
147
9
22
concentrating solar power ( csp ) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . the concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant . a wide range of concentrating technologies exists the most developed are the parabolic trough , ...
in all the different csp systems , concentrated sunlight is used to heat what ?
a working fluid
110
15
3
concentrating solar power ( csp ) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . the concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant . a wide range of concentrating technologies exists the most developed are the parabolic trough , ...
what do concentrating solar power systems use ?
lenses or mirrors and tracking systems
110
8
6
concentrating solar power ( csp ) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . the concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant . a wide range of concentrating technologies exists the most developed are the parabolic trough , ...
what is the heat generated from a concentrating solar power system used for ?
a heat source for a conventional power plant
110
14
8
concentrating solar power ( csp ) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . the concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant . a wide range of concentrating technologies exists the most developed are the parabolic trough , ...
what is one of the most developed concentrating solar power technologies ?
the stirling dish
110
12
3
concentrating solar power ( csp ) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . the concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant . a wide range of concentrating technologies exists the most developed are the parabolic trough , ...
what do concentrating solar power technologies have in common ?
a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight
110
10
9
the common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the sun , compact proportion ( a low surface area to volume ratio ) , selective shading ( overhangs ) and thermal mass . when these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well lit spaces that stay in a com...
socrate ' s what is a classic example of passive solar design ?
megaron house
119
13
2
the common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the sun , compact proportion ( a low surface area to volume ratio ) , selective shading ( overhangs ) and thermal mass . when these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well lit spaces that stay in a com...
what is a common feature of passive solar architecture ?
orientation relative to the sun
119
10
5
the common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the sun , compact proportion ( a low surface area to volume ratio ) , selective shading ( overhangs ) and thermal mass . when these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well lit spaces that stay in a com...
what is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment ?
well lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range
119
16
10
the common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the sun , compact proportion ( a low surface area to volume ratio ) , selective shading ( overhangs ) and thermal mass . when these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well lit spaces that stay in a com...
what is an example of passive solar design ?
socrates ' megaron house
119
9
4
the common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the sun , compact proportion ( a low surface area to volume ratio ) , selective shading ( overhangs ) and thermal mass . when these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well lit spaces that stay in a com...
what kind of equipment can improve system performance ?
pumps , fans and switchable windows
119
9
6
urban heat islands ( uhi ) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment . the higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete , which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the na...
uhi is an abbreviation of what ?
urban heat islands
128
7
3
urban heat islands ( uhi ) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment . the higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete , which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the na...
a program in los angeles believes that with 1 billion , city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in celsius ?
3
128
24
1
urban heat islands ( uhi ) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment . the higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete , which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the na...
what are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called ?
urban heat islands
128
14
3
urban heat islands ( uhi ) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment . the higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete , which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the na...
what materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials ?
asphalt and concrete
128
12
3
urban heat islands ( uhi ) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment . the higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete , which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the na...
what is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands ?
paint buildings and roads white and plant trees
128
15
8
greenhouses convert solar light to heat , enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate . primitive greenhouses were first used during roman times to produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius . t...
when were the first greenhouses used ?
roman times
100
7
2
greenhouses convert solar light to heat , enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate . primitive greenhouses were first used during roman times to produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius . t...
in what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed ?
the 16th
100
10
2
greenhouses convert solar light to heat , enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate . primitive greenhouses were first used during roman times to produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius . t...
what do greenhouses do with solar energy ?
convert solar light to heat
100
8
5
greenhouses convert solar light to heat , enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate . primitive greenhouses were first used during roman times to produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius . t...
what is one purpose of a greenhouse ?
enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops
100
8
15
greenhouses convert solar light to heat , enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate . primitive greenhouses were first used during roman times to produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius . t...
what was one of the first uses of a greenhouse ?
produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius
100
11
9
greenhouses convert solar light to heat , enabling year round production and the growth ( in enclosed environments ) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate . primitive greenhouses were first used during roman times to produce cucumbers year round for the roman emperor tiberius . t...
where were the first modern greenhouses built ?
europe
100
8
1
development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
what is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years ?
the world solar challenge
131
15
4