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development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
what was the winner of the world solar challenge ' s average speed in 2007 in km h ?
90 . 87
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development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
what is the world solar challenge ?
a biannual solar powered car race
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7
6
development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
when was the world solar challenge started ?
1987
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8
1
development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
what was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987 ?
67 kilometres per hour ( 42 mph )
131
14
8
development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
what was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007 ?
90 . 87 kilometres per hour ( 56 . 46 mph )
131
14
12
development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s . the world solar challenge is a biannual solar powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3 , 021 kilometres ( 1 , 877 mi ) across central australia from darwin to adelaide . in 1987 , when it was founded...
what are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles ?
the north american solar challenge and the planned south african solar challenge
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in 1975 , the first practical solar boat was constructed in england . by 1995 , passenger boats incorporating pv panels began appearing and are now used extensively . in 1996 , kenichi horie made the first solar powered crossing of the pacific ocean , and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the...
the first practical solar boat was constructed in what year ?
1975
76
11
1
in 1975 , the first practical solar boat was constructed in england . by 1995 , passenger boats incorporating pv panels began appearing and are now used extensively . in 1996 , kenichi horie made the first solar powered crossing of the pacific ocean , and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the...
when was the first solar powered boat made ?
1975
76
9
1
in 1975 , the first practical solar boat was constructed in england . by 1995 , passenger boats incorporating pv panels began appearing and are now used extensively . in 1996 , kenichi horie made the first solar powered crossing of the pacific ocean , and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the...
who first crossed the pacific ocean using a solar powered boat ?
kenichi horie
76
12
2
in 1975 , the first practical solar boat was constructed in england . by 1995 , passenger boats incorporating pv panels began appearing and are now used extensively . in 1996 , kenichi horie made the first solar powered crossing of the pacific ocean , and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the...
what was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the atlantic ocean ?
the sun21 catamaran
76
16
3
hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s . aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells , several thermochemical processes have also been explored . one such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high tempe...
what is the name of the process under development at the weizmann institute ?
the solzinc process
165
14
3
hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s . aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells , several thermochemical processes have also been explored . one such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high tempe...
the solznic process produces what ?
pure zinc
165
6
2
hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s . aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells , several thermochemical processes have also been explored . one such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high tempe...
what has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s ?
hydrogen production technologies
165
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3
hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s . aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells , several thermochemical processes have also been explored . one such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high tempe...
what is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis ?
uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures
165
14
12
hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s . aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells , several thermochemical processes have also been explored . one such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high tempe...
what is the name of the process being developed by the weizmann institute ?
solzinc process
165
14
2
thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations . thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water , earth and stone . well designed systems can lower peak demand , ...
in what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy ?
heat
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thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations . thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water , earth and stone . well designed systems can lower peak demand , ...
what is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat ?
thermal mass systems
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16
3
thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations . thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water , earth and stone . well designed systems can lower peak demand , ...
what are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems ?
water , earth and stone
67
12
5
thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations . thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water , earth and stone . well designed systems can lower peak demand , ...
what is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system ?
reduce overall heating and cooling requirements
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6
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media ?
thermal
151
12
1
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
the first glauber ' s salt heating system was first used where ?
the " dover house "
151
13
5
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
what are some examples of phase change materials ?
paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt
151
9
7
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
what are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials ?
64 c or 147 f
151
14
5
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
what was the name of the heating system that first used glauber ' s salt ?
dover house
151
16
2
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
why are salts good for thermal storage ?
they are low cost , have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems
151
8
22
phase change materials such as paraffin wax and glauber ' s salt are another thermal storage media . these materials are inexpensive , readily available , and can deliver domestically useful temperatures ( approximately 64 c or 147 f ) . the " dover house " ( in dover , massachusetts ) was the first to use a glauber ' ...
how much energy was the solar two able to store using salts ?
1 . 44 terajoules ( 400 , 000 kwh )
151
13
10
off grid pv systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity . with grid tied systems , excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid , while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls . net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity t...
where do off grid pv systems store excess electricity ?
rechargeable batteries
148
10
2
off grid pv systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity . with grid tied systems , excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid , while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls . net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity t...
what do off grid pv systems use to store excess electricity ?
rechargeable batteries
148
12
2
off grid pv systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity . with grid tied systems , excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid , while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls . net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity t...
what are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called ?
net metering programs
148
17
3
off grid pv systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity . with grid tied systems , excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid , while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls . net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity t...
how is the credit to households accomplished ?
by ' rolling back ' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes
148
8
16
off grid pv systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity . with grid tied systems , excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid , while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls . net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity t...
why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use ?
most standard meters accurately measure in both directions
148
12
8
pumped storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one . the energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water , with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator .
when water is released due to high demand , the pump become swhat ?
a hydroelectric power generator
48
14
4
pumped storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one . the energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water , with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator .
pumped storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form ?
water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one
48
9
16
pumped storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one . the energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water , with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator .
how is the energy stored by pumped storage hydroelectricity recovered ?
by releasing the water , with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator
48
11
13
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies . deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan . ...
the oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies ?
1973
84
17
1
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies . deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan . ...
what brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s ?
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis
84
10
8
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies . deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan . ...
what are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology ?
the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan
84
16
14
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies . deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan . ...
what is the name of the solar energy research facility in the us ?
seri , now nrel
84
14
4
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies . deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan . ...
what is the name of the solar energy research facility in japan ?
nedo
84
13
1
the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies . deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan . ...
what is the name of the solar energy research facility in germany ?
fraunhofer institute for solar energy systems ise
84
13
7
commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the united states in the 1890s . these systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels . as with photovoltaics , solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s ...
the solar water heaters introduced in the us in the 1890s saw growth until what time period ?
the 1920s
118
18
2
commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the united states in the 1890s . these systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels . as with photovoltaics , solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s ...
since 1999 , what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at ?
20 per year
118
15
3
commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the united states in the 1890s . these systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels . as with photovoltaics , solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s ...
when did the use of solar water heaters in the us first begin ?
in the 1890s
118
14
3
commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the united states in the 1890s . these systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels . as with photovoltaics , solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s ...
why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s ?
falling petroleum prices
118
12
3
commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the united states in the 1890s . these systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels . as with photovoltaics , solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s ...
growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999
20
118
14
1
commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the united states in the 1890s . these systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels . as with photovoltaics , solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s ...
what was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007 ?
154 gw
118
14
2
the international energy agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces :
which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues ?
the international energy agency
26
15
4
the international energy agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces :
who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world ?
the international energy agency
26
18
4
the international organization for standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment . for example , iso 9050 relates to glass in building while iso 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters .
iso 9050 relates to standards for what ?
glass in building
40
8
3
the international organization for standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment . for example , iso 9050 relates to glass in building while iso 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters .
iso 10217 relates to standards for what ?
materials used in solar water heaters
40
8
6
the international organization for standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment . for example , iso 9050 relates to glass in building while iso 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters .
what is the name of the standard related to glass in building ?
iso 9050
40
13
2
the international organization for standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment . for example , iso 9050 relates to glass in building while iso 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters .
what is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters ?
iso 10217
40
17
2
it is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power . active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems , concentrated solar power a...
what are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as ?
passive solar or active solar
90
12
5
it is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power . active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems , concentrated solar power a...
what are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy ?
photovoltaic systems , concentrated solar power and solar water heating
90
12
10
it is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power . active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems , concentrated solar power a...
what is an example of a passive solar technique ?
orienting a building to the sun
90
10
6
the large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity . the united nations development programme in its 2000 world energy assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1 , 575 49 , 837 exajoules ( ej ) . this is several times larger than the total world energy ...
what was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012 ?
559 . 8 ej
68
10
4
the large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity . the united nations development programme in its 2000 world energy assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1 , 575 49 , 837 exajoules ( ej ) . this is several times larger than the total world energy ...
what is solar energy ' s yearly potential ?
1 , 575 49 , 837 exajoules ( ej )
68
9
10
the large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity . the united nations development programme in its 2000 world energy assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1 , 575 49 , 837 exajoules ( ej ) . this is several times larger than the total world energy ...
what makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity
the large magnitude of solar energy available
68
9
7
the large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity . the united nations development programme in its 2000 world energy assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1 , 575 49 , 837 exajoules ( ej ) . this is several times larger than the total world energy ...
who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000 ?
the united nations development programme
68
11
5
in 2011 , the international energy agency said that " the development of affordable , inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer term benefits . it will increase countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous , inexhaustible and mostly import independent resource , enhance sust...
how will solar energy increase energy security ?
through reliance on an indigenous , inexhaustible and mostly import independent resource
103
8
12
in 2011 , the international energy agency said that " the development of affordable , inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer term benefits . it will increase countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous , inexhaustible and mostly import independent resource , enhance sust...
what costs will solar energy lower ?
the costs of mitigating global warming
103
7
6
in 2011 , the international energy agency said that " the development of affordable , inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer term benefits . it will increase countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous , inexhaustible and mostly import independent resource , enhance sust...
what should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered ?
learning investments
103
13
2
in 2011 , the international energy agency said that " the development of affordable , inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer term benefits . it will increase countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous , inexhaustible and mostly import independent resource , enhance sust...
what effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels ?
keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise
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7
the potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography , time variation , cloud cover , and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire .
why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface ?
geography , time variation , cloud cover , and the land available to humans
53
17
14
geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation . however , the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator . time variation ef...
why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available ?
areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation
121
14
14
geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation . however , the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator . time variation ef...
what is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth ' s equator ?
photovoltaics
121
21
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geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation . however , the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator . time variation ef...
why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy ?
during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the earth for solar panels to absorb
121
14
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geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation . however , the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator . time variation ef...
what effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available ?
clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells
121
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15
in addition , land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels . roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells , as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their ...
why does land availability have an effect on solar energy ?
solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels
85
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in addition , land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels . roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells , as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their ...
why are roofs a good place for solar panels ?
many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way
85
10
15
in 2000 , the united nations development programme , un department of economic and social affairs , and world energy council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation , cloud cover , and the land that is usable by humans ...
what factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy ?
insolation , cloud cover , and the land that is usable by humans
84
16
13
in 2000 , the united nations development programme , un department of economic and social affairs , and world energy council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation , cloud cover , and the land that is usable by humans ...
what was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate ?
1 , 575 49 , 837 ej per year
84
13
9
solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics ( pv ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power ( csp ) . csp systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . pv converts light into electric current using the ...
what is solar power ?
conversion of sunlight into electricity
60
5
5
solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics ( pv ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power ( csp ) . csp systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . pv converts light into electric current using the ...
how is sunlight converted into electricity ?
either directly using photovoltaics ( pv ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power ( csp )
60
7
17
solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics ( pv ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power ( csp ) . csp systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . pv converts light into electric current using the ...
what does a concentrated solar power system use ?
lenses or mirrors and tracking systems
60
9
6
solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics ( pv ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power ( csp ) . csp systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . pv converts light into electric current using the ...
what is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system ?
focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam
60
11
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solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics ( pv ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power ( csp ) . csp systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . pv converts light into electric current using the ...
what method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity ?
photoelectric effect
60
13
2
sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history . advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the greeks and chinese , who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth .
what has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history ?
sunlight
41
12
1
sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history . advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the greeks and chinese , who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth .
who first utilized solar architecture ?
greeks and chinese
41
6
3
sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history . advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the greeks and chinese , who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth .
in which direction were the buildings built by the greeks and chinese facing ?
toward the south
41
14
3
a solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air . as sunlight shines on the balloon , the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force , much like an artificially heated hot air balloon . some solar balloons are large enough for human flight , but usage is generally limited to t...
what is a solar balloon ?
a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air
74
6
9
a solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air . as sunlight shines on the balloon , the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force , much like an artificially heated hot air balloon . some solar balloons are large enough for human flight , but usage is generally limited to t...
what happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon ?
the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force
74
10
12
a solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air . as sunlight shines on the balloon , the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force , much like an artificially heated hot air balloon . some solar balloons are large enough for human flight , but usage is generally limited to t...
what is the use of solar balloons typically limited to ?
the toy market
74
11
3
a solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air . as sunlight shines on the balloon , the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force , much like an artificially heated hot air balloon . some solar balloons are large enough for human flight , but usage is generally limited to t...
why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market ?
the surface area to payload weight ratio is relatively high
74
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10
beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the industrial revolution , energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels . the early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce . however , developmen...
why was solar technology developed in the 1860s ?
driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce
77
9
10
beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the industrial revolution , energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels . the early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce . however , developmen...
what slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century ?
increasing availability , economy , and utility of coal and petroleum
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in 2011 , a report by the international energy agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics , solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change . the energy from the sun could play a key role in de carbo...
according to a report in 2011 , by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world ' s energy ?
2060
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in 2011 , a report by the international energy agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics , solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change . the energy from the sun could play a key role in de carbo...
what could the sun ' s energy do to help limit climate change ?
could play a key role in de carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land ?
achaemenid empire , sassanian empire , hephthalite empire , samanid empire , mongol empire , timurid dynasty , and the russian empire
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what other culutres has ruled the area ?
oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian christianity , zoroastrianism , and manichaeism
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what was the territory of tajikistan during the neolithic and the bronze age ?
city of sarazm
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
when did tajikistan become an independent nation ?
1991
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what years did the civil war take place ?
1992 to 1997
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what were some of the different kindoms and people that called tajikistan home ?
oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian christianity , zoroastrianism , and manichaeism
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane ?
the achaemenid empire , sassanian empire , hephthalite empire , samanid empire , mongol empire , timurid dynasty , and the russian empire
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what year did tajikistan become an independant nation ?
1991
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the territory that now constitutes tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of sarazm of the neolithic and the bronze age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian ...
what years did the war last through ?
1992 to 1997
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russian border troops were stationed along the tajik afghan border until summer 2005 . since the september 11 , 2001 attacks , french troops have been stationed at the dushanbe airport in support of air operations of nato ' s international security assistance force in afghanistan . united states army and marine corps p...
who was stationed along the boarder ?
russian border troops
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russian border troops were stationed along the tajik afghan border until summer 2005 . since the september 11 , 2001 attacks , french troops have been stationed at the dushanbe airport in support of air operations of nato ' s international security assistance force in afghanistan . united states army and marine corps p...
where have french troops been stationed since september 11 , 2001 ?
at the dushanbe airport
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russian border troops were stationed along the tajik afghan border until summer 2005 . since the september 11 , 2001 attacks , french troops have been stationed at the dushanbe airport in support of air operations of nato ' s international security assistance force in afghanistan . united states army and marine corps p...
where is the main base for the tajikistan air force ?
t located 15 km southwest of dushanbe
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