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vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns . it includes the patimokkha , a set of 227 rules for monks in the theravadin recension . the precise content of the vinayapitaka ( scriptures on vinaya ) differs slightly according to different schools , and different schools or subschools set different standards fo... | what are the scriptures on vinaya called ? | vinayapitaka | 77 | 8 | 1 |
regarding the monastic rules , the buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts . on the other hand , the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life , and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments . monastics are instructed by the buddha to live as " islands unto... | regarding the monastic rules , the buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what ? | counts | 99 | 18 | 1 |
regarding the monastic rules , the buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts . on the other hand , the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life , and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments . monastics are instructed by the buddha to live as " islands unto... | the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what ? | life | 99 | 11 | 1 |
regarding the monastic rules , the buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts . on the other hand , the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life , and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments . monastics are instructed by the buddha to live as " islands unto... | the rules are a perfect springboard for what ? | higher attainments | 99 | 9 | 2 |
regarding the monastic rules , the buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts . on the other hand , the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life , and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments . monastics are instructed by the buddha to live as " islands unto... | monastics are instructed by the buddha to live as what ? | islands unto themselves | 99 | 11 | 3 |
in eastern buddhism , there is also a distinctive vinaya and ethics contained within the mahayana brahmajala sutra ( not to be confused with the pali text of that name ) for bodhisattvas , where , for example , the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged ( see vegetarianism in buddhism )... | distinctive vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra ? | mahayana brahmajala | 76 | 10 | 2 |
in eastern buddhism , there is also a distinctive vinaya and ethics contained within the mahayana brahmajala sutra ( not to be confused with the pali text of that name ) for bodhisattvas , where , for example , the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged ( see vegetarianism in buddhism )... | bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what ? | meat | 76 | 8 | 1 |
in eastern buddhism , there is also a distinctive vinaya and ethics contained within the mahayana brahmajala sutra ( not to be confused with the pali text of that name ) for bodhisattvas , where , for example , the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged ( see vegetarianism in buddhism )... | where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry ? | japan | 76 | 13 | 1 |
in the language of the noble eightfold path , samyaksam dhi is " right concentration " . the primary means of cultivating sam dhi is meditation . upon development of sam dhi , one ' s mind becomes purified of defilement , calm , tranquil , and luminous . | what does the word samyaksamadhi mean ? | right concentration | 49 | 7 | 2 |
in the language of the noble eightfold path , samyaksam dhi is " right concentration " . the primary means of cultivating sam dhi is meditation . upon development of sam dhi , one ' s mind becomes purified of defilement , calm , tranquil , and luminous . | meditation is the primary means of cultivating what ? | sam dhi | 49 | 9 | 2 |
in the language of the noble eightfold path , samyaksam dhi is " right concentration " . the primary means of cultivating sam dhi is meditation . upon development of sam dhi , one ' s mind becomes purified of defilement , calm , tranquil , and luminous . | upon development of samadhi , a person gets rid of what ? | defilement , calm , tranquil , and luminous | 49 | 12 | 8 |
once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration ( jh na , sanskrit dhy na ) , his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight ( vipassan ) into the ultimate nature of reality , eventually obtaining release from all suffering . the cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration , which i... | what is powerful concentration called ? | jh na | 61 | 6 | 2 |
once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration ( jh na , sanskrit dhy na ) , his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight ( vipassan ) into the ultimate nature of reality , eventually obtaining release from all suffering . the cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration , which i... | what is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight ? | vipassan | 61 | 15 | 1 |
once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration ( jh na , sanskrit dhy na ) , his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight ( vipassan ) into the ultimate nature of reality , eventually obtaining release from all suffering . the cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration , which i... | mindfulness is essential to concentration , which is neede to achieve what ? | insight | 61 | 13 | 1 |
samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea , which is expanded to one ' s body , mind and entire surroundings , leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility ( jh na ) . there are many variations in the style of meditation , from sitting cross legged or kneeling to chanting or walking... | samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what ? | idea | 91 | 12 | 1 |
samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea , which is expanded to one ' s body , mind and entire surroundings , leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility ( jh na ) . there are many variations in the style of meditation , from sitting cross legged or kneeling to chanting or walking... | what is the term for tranquility ? | jh na | 91 | 7 | 2 |
in buddhist practice , it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind , only vipassan meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with , which is what leads to insight knowledge ( j na p li a ) and understanding ( praj p li pa ) , and thus can lead to nirv a ( p li nibb na ) . when one is in j... | in buddhism , samatha meditation can calm the what ? | mind | 103 | 10 | 1 |
in buddhist practice , it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind , only vipassan meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with , which is what leads to insight knowledge ( j na p li a ) and understanding ( praj p li pa ) , and thus can lead to nirv a ( p li nibb na ) . when one is in j... | vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what ? | disturbed | 103 | 10 | 1 |
in buddhist practice , it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind , only vipassan meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with , which is what leads to insight knowledge ( j na p li a ) and understanding ( praj p li pa ) , and thus can lead to nirv a ( p li nibb na ) . when one is in j... | what is the term for insight knowledge ? | j na | 103 | 8 | 2 |
in buddhist practice , it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind , only vipassan meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with , which is what leads to insight knowledge ( j na p li a ) and understanding ( praj p li pa ) , and thus can lead to nirv a ( p li nibb na ) . when one is in j... | what is the term for understanding ? | praj | 103 | 7 | 1 |
in buddhist practice , it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind , only vipassan meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with , which is what leads to insight knowledge ( j na p li a ) and understanding ( praj p li pa ) , and thus can lead to nirv a ( p li nibb na ) . when one is in j... | what eradicates the defilements completely ? | understanding | 103 | 6 | 1 |
in therav da buddhism , the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving , which carries with it the various defilements . these various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed , hatred and delusion . these are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress .... | in theravada buddhism , what is the cause of human existence and suffering ? | craving | 124 | 14 | 1 |
in therav da buddhism , the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving , which carries with it the various defilements . these various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed , hatred and delusion . these are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress .... | what does craving carry with it ? | defilements | 124 | 7 | 1 |
in therav da buddhism , the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving , which carries with it the various defilements . these various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed , hatred and delusion . these are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress .... | deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what ? | suffering and stress | 124 | 9 | 3 |
in therav da buddhism , the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving , which carries with it the various defilements . these various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed , hatred and delusion . these are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress .... | what is the ultimate goal for theravadins ? | nibb na | 124 | 8 | 2 |
praj ( sanskrit ) or pa ( p li ) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination , the four noble truths and the three marks of existence . praj is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi . it is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirv a , through its reve... | how many noble truths are there ? | four | 105 | 7 | 1 |
praj ( sanskrit ) or pa ( p li ) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination , the four noble truths and the three marks of existence . praj is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi . it is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirv a , through its reve... | prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what ? | bodhi | 105 | 15 | 1 |
praj ( sanskrit ) or pa ( p li ) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination , the four noble truths and the three marks of existence . praj is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi . it is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirv a , through its reve... | what is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana ? | praj | 105 | 14 | 1 |
initially , praj is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons ( dharma talks ) , reading , studying , and sometimes reciting buddhist texts and engaging in discourse . once the conceptual understanding is attained , it is applied to daily life so that each buddhist can verify the truth of the budd... | initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what ? | sermons | 105 | 15 | 1 |
initially , praj is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons ( dharma talks ) , reading , studying , and sometimes reciting buddhist texts and engaging in discourse . once the conceptual understanding is attained , it is applied to daily life so that each buddhist can verify the truth of the budd... | in theory when can one attain nirvana during practice ? | at any point | 105 | 10 | 3 |
initially , praj is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons ( dharma talks ) , reading , studying , and sometimes reciting buddhist texts and engaging in discourse . once the conceptual understanding is attained , it is applied to daily life so that each buddhist can verify the truth of the budd... | what can be applied to daily life once it is attained ? | conceptual understanding | 105 | 12 | 2 |
zen buddhism ( ) , pronounced ch n in chinese , seon in korean or zen in japanese ( derived from the sanskrit term dhy na , meaning " meditation " ) is a form of buddhism that became popular in china , korea and japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation . note 12 zen places less emphasis on scriptures than som... | zen buddhism is known as what in korea ? | seon | 79 | 9 | 1 |
zen buddhism ( ) , pronounced ch n in chinese , seon in korean or zen in japanese ( derived from the sanskrit term dhy na , meaning " meditation " ) is a form of buddhism that became popular in china , korea and japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation . note 12 zen places less emphasis on scriptures than som... | what form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation ? | zen | 79 | 10 | 1 |
zen buddhism ( ) , pronounced ch n in chinese , seon in korean or zen in japanese ( derived from the sanskrit term dhy na , meaning " meditation " ) is a form of buddhism that became popular in china , korea and japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation . note 12 zen places less emphasis on scriptures than som... | what form of buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures ? | zen | 79 | 10 | 1 |
zen buddhism ( ) , pronounced ch n in chinese , seon in korean or zen in japanese ( derived from the sanskrit term dhy na , meaning " meditation " ) is a form of buddhism that became popular in china , korea and japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation . note 12 zen places less emphasis on scriptures than som... | zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs ? | spiritual | 79 | 8 | 1 |
zen buddhism is divided into two main schools : rinzai ( ) and s t ( ) , the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan ( , a meditative riddle or puzzle ) as a device for spiritual break through , and the latter ( while certainly employing koans ) focusing more on shikantaza or " just sitting " . note ... | zen buddhism is divided into how many main schools ? | two | 66 | 10 | 1 |
zen buddhism is divided into two main schools : rinzai ( ) and s t ( ) , the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan ( , a meditative riddle or puzzle ) as a device for spiritual break through , and the latter ( while certainly employing koans ) focusing more on shikantaza or " just sitting " . note ... | which schools of zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs ? | rinzai | 66 | 16 | 1 |
zen buddhist teaching is often full of paradox , in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the true self or formless self , which is equated with the buddha himself . note 14 according to zen master kosho uchiyama , when thoughts and fixation on the little " i " are tran... | what buddhist teachings are often full of paradox ? | zen | 138 | 9 | 1 |
zen buddhist teaching is often full of paradox , in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the true self or formless self , which is equated with the buddha himself . note 14 according to zen master kosho uchiyama , when thoughts and fixation on the little " i " are tran... | what type of self is equated with the buddha ? | true self | 138 | 10 | 2 |
zen buddhist teaching is often full of paradox , in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the true self or formless self , which is equated with the buddha himself . note 14 according to zen master kosho uchiyama , when thoughts and fixation on the little " i " are tran... | what is not allowed to confine and bind oneself ? | thinking and thought | 138 | 10 | 3 |
though based upon mahayana , tibeto mongolian buddhism is one of the schools that practice vajrayana or " diamond vehicle " ( also referred to as mantray na , tantray na , tantric buddhism , or esoteric buddhism ) . it accepts all the basic concepts of mah y na , but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical... | what type of buddhism is tibeto mongolian based on ? | mahayana | 153 | 10 | 1 |
though based upon mahayana , tibeto mongolian buddhism is one of the schools that practice vajrayana or " diamond vehicle " ( also referred to as mantray na , tantray na , tantric buddhism , or esoteric buddhism ) . it accepts all the basic concepts of mah y na , but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical... | what is the english term for vajrayana ? | diamond vehicle | 153 | 8 | 2 |
though based upon mahayana , tibeto mongolian buddhism is one of the schools that practice vajrayana or " diamond vehicle " ( also referred to as mantray na , tantray na , tantric buddhism , or esoteric buddhism ) . it accepts all the basic concepts of mah y na , but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical... | what type of buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices ? | tantric | 153 | 12 | 1 |
though based upon mahayana , tibeto mongolian buddhism is one of the schools that practice vajrayana or " diamond vehicle " ( also referred to as mantray na , tantray na , tantric buddhism , or esoteric buddhism ) . it accepts all the basic concepts of mah y na , but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical... | psycho physical energy is harnessed through what ? | ritual | 153 | 8 | 1 |
historically , the roots of buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient india during the second half of the first millennium bce . that was a period of social and religious turmoil , as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of vedic brahmanism . note 15 it was challenged by numerous new ... | what time period was the beginning of buddhism ? | second half of the first millennium bce | 163 | 9 | 7 |
historically , the roots of buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient india during the second half of the first millennium bce . that was a period of social and religious turmoil , as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of vedic brahmanism . note 15 it was challenged by numerous new ... | scholars believe that karma originated in what ? | the shramanas | 163 | 8 | 2 |
historically , the roots of buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient india during the second half of the first millennium bce . that was a period of social and religious turmoil , as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of vedic brahmanism . note 15 it was challenged by numerous new ... | what groups broke with brahmanic tradition ? | shramanas | 163 | 7 | 1 |
historically , the roots of buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient india during the second half of the first millennium bce . that was a period of social and religious turmoil , as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of vedic brahmanism . note 15 it was challenged by numerous new ... | shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of indian thought ? | non vedic | 163 | 13 | 2 |
this view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated . buddhism arose in greater magadha , which stretched from sravasti , the capital of kosala in the north west , to rajagrha in the south east . this land , to the east of aryavarta , the land of the aryas , was recognized as non vedic . othe... | buddhism arose in what area ? | greater magadha | 163 | 6 | 2 |
this view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated . buddhism arose in greater magadha , which stretched from sravasti , the capital of kosala in the north west , to rajagrha in the south east . this land , to the east of aryavarta , the land of the aryas , was recognized as non vedic . othe... | greater magadha stretched from sravasti in the north west to what area in the south east ? | rajagrha | 163 | 17 | 1 |
this view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated . buddhism arose in greater magadha , which stretched from sravasti , the capital of kosala in the north west , to rajagrha in the south east . this land , to the east of aryavarta , the land of the aryas , was recognized as non vedic . othe... | what time period did the eastward spread of brahmanism start ? | 2nd or 3rd centuries | 163 | 11 | 4 |
a particular criticism of the buddha was vedic animal sacrifice . web 18 he also mocked the vedic " hymn of the cosmic man " . however , the buddha was not anti vedic , and declared that the veda in its true form was declared by " kashyapa " to certain rishis , who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by di... | a criticism the buddha gave dealing with animals was ? | vedic animal sacrifice | 170 | 10 | 3 |
a particular criticism of the buddha was vedic animal sacrifice . web 18 he also mocked the vedic " hymn of the cosmic man " . however , the buddha was not anti vedic , and declared that the veda in its true form was declared by " kashyapa " to certain rishis , who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by di... | the buddha mocked what hymn of the vedic ? | hymn of the cosmic man | 170 | 9 | 5 |
a particular criticism of the buddha was vedic animal sacrifice . web 18 he also mocked the vedic " hymn of the cosmic man " . however , the buddha was not anti vedic , and declared that the veda in its true form was declared by " kashyapa " to certain rishis , who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by di... | the original veda of the rishis was altered by a few brahmins who introduced what ? | animal sacrifices | 170 | 16 | 2 |
a particular criticism of the buddha was vedic animal sacrifice . web 18 he also mocked the vedic " hymn of the cosmic man " . however , the buddha was not anti vedic , and declared that the veda in its true form was declared by " kashyapa " to certain rishis , who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by di... | the buddha refused to pay respect to who , during their time of animal sacrifice ? | vedas | 170 | 16 | 1 |
information of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts . one method to obtain information on the oldest core of buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the theravadin pali canon and other texts . note 27 the reliability of these sources , and the possibility to draw out a core ... | what is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings ? | the reliability | 96 | 14 | 2 |
a core problem in the study of early buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight . schmithausen , in his often cited article on some aspects of descriptions or theories of ' liberating insight ' and ' enlightenment ' in early buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting " liberating ... | a large problem in the study of early buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else ? | insight | 82 | 18 | 1 |
a core problem in the study of early buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight . schmithausen , in his often cited article on some aspects of descriptions or theories of ' liberating insight ' and ' enlightenment ' in early buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting " liberating ... | liberating insight is attained after mastering what ? | rupa jhanas | 82 | 8 | 2 |
a core problem in the study of early buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight . schmithausen , in his often cited article on some aspects of descriptions or theories of ' liberating insight ' and ' enlightenment ' in early buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting " liberating ... | later edition of texts such as what has the rupa jhanas ? | majjhima nikaya | 82 | 12 | 2 |
bruce matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the sutta pitaka , which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early buddhist soteriology . schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest... | according the bronkhorst , intentions and desire are responsible for what ? | rebirth | 157 | 12 | 1 |
bruce matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the sutta pitaka , which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early buddhist soteriology . schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest... | bronkhurst says that buddha had a view of ' what ' much different then current day ? | karma | 157 | 17 | 1 |
according to tilmann vetter , the core of earliest buddhism is the practice of dhy na . bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a buddhist invention , whereas norman notes that " the buddha ' s way to release . . . was by means of meditative practices . " discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberatio... | what was the earliest buddhism type ? | dhyana | 64 | 7 | 1 |
according to tilmann vetter , the core of earliest buddhism is the practice of dhy na . bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a buddhist invention , whereas norman notes that " the buddha ' s way to release . . . was by means of meditative practices . " discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberatio... | buddha ' s way to release was by means of what type of practices ? | meditative | 64 | 15 | 1 |
according to the mah saccakasutta , note 33 from the fourth jhana the buddha gained bodhi . yet , it is not clear what he was awakened to . page needed " liberating insight " is a later addition to this text , and reflects a later development and understanding in early buddhism . page needed page needed the mentioning ... | from which jhana did buddha gain bodhi ? | fourth | 101 | 8 | 1 |
according to the mah saccakasutta , note 33 from the fourth jhana the buddha gained bodhi . yet , it is not clear what he was awakened to . page needed " liberating insight " is a later addition to this text , and reflects a later development and understanding in early buddhism . page needed page needed the mentioning ... | a logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what ? | liberating insight | 101 | 13 | 2 |
according to the mah saccakasutta , note 33 from the fourth jhana the buddha gained bodhi . yet , it is not clear what he was awakened to . page needed " liberating insight " is a later addition to this text , and reflects a later development and understanding in early buddhism . page needed page needed the mentioning ... | the four truths depict what type of path of practice ? | linear | 101 | 11 | 1 |
although " nibb na " ( sanskrit : nirv na ) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice , many other terms can be found throughout the nikayas , which are not specified . note 35 | what is the sanskrit form of nibbana ? | nirv na | 40 | 8 | 2 |
although " nibb na " ( sanskrit : nirv na ) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice , many other terms can be found throughout the nikayas , which are not specified . note 35 | many terms for nibbana can be found throughout the what ? | nikayas | 40 | 11 | 1 |
although " nibb na " ( sanskrit : nirv na ) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice , many other terms can be found throughout the nikayas , which are not specified . note 35 | the desired goal for buddhism is what ? | nirv na | 40 | 8 | 2 |
according to vetter , the description of the buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term " the middle way " . in time , this short description was elaborated , resulting in the description of the eightfold path . | a description of the buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term ? | the middle way | 43 | 15 | 3 |
according to vetter , the description of the buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term " the middle way " . in time , this short description was elaborated , resulting in the description of the eightfold path . | the description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path ? | eightfold | 43 | 11 | 1 |
according to both bronkhorst and anderson , the four truths became a substitution for prajna , or " liberating insight " , in the suttas in those texts where " liberating insight " was preceded by the four jhanas . according to bronkhorst , the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest buddhism , and did not... | authors bronkhorst and anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what ? | prajna | 91 | 14 | 1 |
according to both bronkhorst and anderson , the four truths became a substitution for prajna , or " liberating insight " , in the suttas in those texts where " liberating insight " was preceded by the four jhanas . according to bronkhorst , the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest buddhism , and did not... | what is prajna called in english ? | liberating insight | 91 | 7 | 2 |
according to both bronkhorst and anderson , the four truths became a substitution for prajna , or " liberating insight " , in the suttas in those texts where " liberating insight " was preceded by the four jhanas . according to bronkhorst , the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest buddhism , and did not... | gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what ? | person | 91 | 15 | 1 |
the three marks of existence may reflect upanishadic or other influences . k . r . norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the buddha ' s time , and were familiair to his hearers . | how many marks of existence reflect upanishadic influences ? | three | 40 | 9 | 1 |
the history of indian buddhism may be divided into five periods : early buddhism ( occasionally called pre sectarian buddhism ) , nikaya buddhism or sectarian buddhism : the period of the early buddhist schools , early mahayana buddhism , later mahayana buddhism , and esoteric buddhism ( also called vajrayana buddhism ... | the periods of buddhisma in india is divided into how many periods ? | five | 54 | 13 | 1 |
the history of indian buddhism may be divided into five periods : early buddhism ( occasionally called pre sectarian buddhism ) , nikaya buddhism or sectarian buddhism : the period of the early buddhist schools , early mahayana buddhism , later mahayana buddhism , and esoteric buddhism ( also called vajrayana buddhism ... | what is the first period of buddhism called ? | early buddhism | 54 | 9 | 2 |
the history of indian buddhism may be divided into five periods : early buddhism ( occasionally called pre sectarian buddhism ) , nikaya buddhism or sectarian buddhism : the period of the early buddhist schools , early mahayana buddhism , later mahayana buddhism , and esoteric buddhism ( also called vajrayana buddhism ... | what is another name for nikaya buddhism ? | sectarian | 54 | 8 | 1 |
the history of indian buddhism may be divided into five periods : early buddhism ( occasionally called pre sectarian buddhism ) , nikaya buddhism or sectarian buddhism : the period of the early buddhist schools , early mahayana buddhism , later mahayana buddhism , and esoteric buddhism ( also called vajrayana buddhism ... | what is the last period of buddhism ? | esoteric buddhism | 54 | 8 | 2 |
the history of indian buddhism may be divided into five periods : early buddhism ( occasionally called pre sectarian buddhism ) , nikaya buddhism or sectarian buddhism : the period of the early buddhist schools , early mahayana buddhism , later mahayana buddhism , and esoteric buddhism ( also called vajrayana buddhism ... | what is esoteric buddhism also called ? | vajrayana | 54 | 7 | 1 |
pre sectarian buddhism is the earliest phase of buddhism , recognized by nearly all scholars . its main scriptures are the vinaya pitaka and the four principal nikayas or agamas . certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts , so most scholars conclude that gautama buddha must have taught so... | was is the earliest phase of buddhism ? | pre sectarian | 97 | 8 | 2 |
pre sectarian buddhism is the earliest phase of buddhism , recognized by nearly all scholars . its main scriptures are the vinaya pitaka and the four principal nikayas or agamas . certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts , so most scholars conclude that gautama buddha must have taught so... | gautama buddha most likely taught the idea of karma and what ? | rebirth | 97 | 12 | 1 |
pre sectarian buddhism is the earliest phase of buddhism , recognized by nearly all scholars . its main scriptures are the vinaya pitaka and the four principal nikayas or agamas . certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts , so most scholars conclude that gautama buddha must have taught so... | gautama buddha taught what path concept ? | noble eightfold | 97 | 7 | 2 |
according to most scholars , at some period after the second council the sangha began to break into separate factions . note 37 the various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred . according to the dipavamsa of the p li tradition , they started immediately after the second council , the puggalavada trad... | the sangha began to break into separte factions after what council ? | the second | 88 | 12 | 2 |
according to most scholars , at some period after the second council the sangha began to break into separate factions . note 37 the various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred . according to the dipavamsa of the p li tradition , they started immediately after the second council , the puggalavada trad... | according to the dipavamsa they started immediately after what council ? | the second council | 88 | 11 | 3 |
according to most scholars , at some period after the second council the sangha began to break into separate factions . note 37 the various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred . according to the dipavamsa of the p li tradition , they started immediately after the second council , the puggalavada trad... | the mahasanghika places the breakup at what time ? | 100 bce | 88 | 9 | 2 |
the root schism was between the sthaviras and the mah s ghikas . the fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions . the sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism . the dipavamsa of the therav da says that the losing party in the second council dispute ... | the major schism was between the sthaviras and what other group ? | mahasanghikas | 125 | 12 | 1 |
the root schism was between the sthaviras and the mah s ghikas . the fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions . the sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism . the dipavamsa of the therav da says that the losing party in the second council dispute ... | the dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what ? | mahasanghika | 125 | 15 | 1 |
the root schism was between the sthaviras and the mah s ghikas . the fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions . the sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism . the dipavamsa of the therav da says that the losing party in the second council dispute ... | the mahasanghikas argued that the sthaviras were trying to expand what ? | the vinaya | 125 | 12 | 2 |
the sthaviras gave rise to several schools , one of which was the therav da school . originally , these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya , and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries , but eventually , by about 100 ce if not earlier , schisms w... | who gave rise to the theravada school ? | sthaviras | 66 | 8 | 1 |
the sthaviras gave rise to several schools , one of which was the therav da school . originally , these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya , and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries , but eventually , by about 100 ce if not earlier , schisms w... | monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what ? | monasteries | 66 | 17 | 1 |
the sthaviras gave rise to several schools , one of which was the therav da school . originally , these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya , and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries , but eventually , by about 100 ce if not earlier , schisms w... | by the latest at around 100 ce , schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements ? | doctrinal | 66 | 18 | 1 |
following ( or leading up to ) the schisms , each sa gha started to accumulate an abhidharma , a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the suttas , according to schematic classifications . these abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises , but summaries or numerical li... | what is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called ? | abhidharma | 150 | 11 | 1 |
following ( or leading up to ) the schisms , each sa gha started to accumulate an abhidharma , a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the suttas , according to schematic classifications . these abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises , but summaries or numerical li... | the abhidharma texts do not contain treatises , but what ? | summaries or numerical lists | 150 | 11 | 4 |
following ( or leading up to ) the schisms , each sa gha started to accumulate an abhidharma , a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the suttas , according to schematic classifications . these abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises , but summaries or numerical li... | the abhidharma texts are from what time ? | 3rd century bce | 150 | 8 | 3 |
following ( or leading up to ) the schisms , each sa gha started to accumulate an abhidharma , a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the suttas , according to schematic classifications . these abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises , but summaries or numerical li... | there is a disagreement on whether a school had an abhidhamma or not , which school is it ? | mahasanghika | 150 | 19 | 1 |
several scholars have suggested that the praj p ramit s tras , which are among the earliest mah y na s tras , developed among the mah s ghika along the k a river in the ndhra region of south india . | which sutras are among the earliest mahayana sutras ? | praj p ramit | 42 | 9 | 3 |
several scholars have suggested that the praj p ramit s tras , which are among the earliest mah y na s tras , developed among the mah s ghika along the k a river in the ndhra region of south india . | the prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of south india ? | ndhra | 42 | 16 | 1 |
the earliest mah y na s tras to include the very first versions of the praj p ramit genre , along with texts concerning ak obhya buddha , which were probably written down in the 1st century bce in the south of india . guang xing states , " several scholars have suggested that the praj p ramit probably developed among t... | the earliest mahayana sutra include the very first version of what genre ? | praj p ramit | 108 | 13 | 3 |
the earliest mah y na s tras to include the very first versions of the praj p ramit genre , along with texts concerning ak obhya buddha , which were probably written down in the 1st century bce in the south of india . guang xing states , " several scholars have suggested that the praj p ramit probably developed among t... | texts concerning aksobhya buddha were written down in what century ? | 1st century bce | 108 | 11 | 3 |
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