context
stringlengths
152
1.15k
question
stringlengths
13
207
answer
stringlengths
1
171
context_length
int64
22
175
question_length
int64
3
30
answer_length
int64
0
30
the best known application of the concept of prat tyasamutp da is the scheme of twelve nid nas ( from p li " nid na " meaning " cause , foundation , source or origin " ) , which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth ( sa s ra ) in detail . note 10
what doe nidana mean ?
cause , foundation , source or origin
59
5
7
the twelve nid nas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence , each one giving rise to the next :
what describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence ?
the twelve nid nas
26
11
4
the twelve nid nas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence , each one giving rise to the next :
what describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance ?
the twelve nid nas
26
13
4
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
how are sentient beings freed from suffering ?
by attaining nirvana
39
8
3
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
what is the first nid na ?
ignorance
39
7
1
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
the absence of ignorance leads to what ?
the absence of the others
39
8
5
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
who always suffers throughout samsara ?
sentient beings
39
6
2
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
what is suffering also called ?
dukkha
39
6
1
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
how do you free yourself of dukkha ?
attaining nirvana
39
8
2
sentient beings always suffer throughout sa s ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining nirvana . then the absence of the first nid na ignorance leads to the absence of the others .
what is the first nidana ?
ignorance
39
6
1
sarvastivada teachings which were criticized by n g rjuna were reformulated by scholars such as vasubandhu and asanga and were adapted into the yogacara school . while the m dhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate , some exponents of yogacara ass...
what teaching were criticized by nagarjuna ?
sarvastivada teachings
113
7
2
sarvastivada teachings which were criticized by n g rjuna were reformulated by scholars such as vasubandhu and asanga and were adapted into the yogacara school . while the m dhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate , some exponents of yogacara ass...
what scholars reformed sarvastivada teachings ?
vasubandhu and asanga
113
6
3
sarvastivada teachings which were criticized by n g rjuna were reformulated by scholars such as vasubandhu and asanga and were adapted into the yogacara school . while the m dhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate , some exponents of yogacara ass...
what is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real ?
cittamatra
113
16
1
sarvastivada teachings which were criticized by n g rjuna were reformulated by scholars such as vasubandhu and asanga and were adapted into the yogacara school . while the m dhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate , some exponents of yogacara ass...
what yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent ?
vasubandhu and asanga
113
11
3
nirvana ( sanskrit pali : " nibb na " ) means " cessation " , " extinction " ( of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths ( sa s ra ) ) , " extinguished " , " quieted " , " calmed " it is also known as " awakening " or " enlightenment " in the west . the term for anybody who ...
what term means cessation ?
nirvana
82
5
1
nirvana ( sanskrit pali : " nibb na " ) means " cessation " , " extinction " ( of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths ( sa s ra ) ) , " extinguished " , " quieted " , " calmed " it is also known as " awakening " or " enlightenment " in the west . the term for anybody who ...
what term means awakening ?
nirvana
82
5
1
nirvana ( sanskrit pali : " nibb na " ) means " cessation " , " extinction " ( of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths ( sa s ra ) ) , " extinguished " , " quieted " , " calmed " it is also known as " awakening " or " enlightenment " in the west . the term for anybody who ...
what is the term for someone who has achieved nirvana ?
arahant
82
11
1
bodhi ( p li and sanskrit , in devanagari : ) is a term applied to the experience of awakening of arahants . bodhi literally means " awakening " , but it is more commonly translated into english as " enlightenment " . in early buddhism , bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana , using only some different metaphor...
what is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants ?
bodhi
148
14
1
bodhi ( p li and sanskrit , in devanagari : ) is a term applied to the experience of awakening of arahants . bodhi literally means " awakening " , but it is more commonly translated into english as " enlightenment " . in early buddhism , bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana , using only some different metaphor...
in early buddhism bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word ?
nirvana
148
12
1
bodhi ( p li and sanskrit , in devanagari : ) is a term applied to the experience of awakening of arahants . bodhi literally means " awakening " , but it is more commonly translated into english as " enlightenment " . in early buddhism , bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana , using only some different metaphor...
what is the term for greed or craving ?
raga
148
9
1
bodhi ( p li and sanskrit , in devanagari : ) is a term applied to the experience of awakening of arahants . bodhi literally means " awakening " , but it is more commonly translated into english as " enlightenment " . in early buddhism , bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana , using only some different metaphor...
what is the word for hate or aversion ?
dosa
148
9
1
bodhi ( p li and sanskrit , in devanagari : ) is a term applied to the experience of awakening of arahants . bodhi literally means " awakening " , but it is more commonly translated into english as " enlightenment " . in early buddhism , bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana , using only some different metaphor...
what does moha mean ?
delusion
148
5
1
therefore , according to mahayana buddhism , the arahant has attained only nirvana , thus still being subject to delusion , while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well . he thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha . in theravada buddhism , bodhi and nirvana carry the same me...
what has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion ?
bodhisattva
73
10
1
therefore , according to mahayana buddhism , the arahant has attained only nirvana , thus still being subject to delusion , while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well . he thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha . in theravada buddhism , bodhi and nirvana carry the same me...
if bodhi is attained what do you become ?
a buddha
73
9
2
therefore , according to mahayana buddhism , the arahant has attained only nirvana , thus still being subject to delusion , while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well . he thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha . in theravada buddhism , bodhi and nirvana carry the same me...
in theravada buddhism , bodhi and what term have the same meaning ?
nirvana
73
13
1
the term parinirvana is also encountered in buddhism , and this generally refers to the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at the moment of death , when the physical body expires .
what term is used for the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at death ?
parinirvana
33
15
1
according to buddhist traditions a buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire , aversion and ignorance . a buddha is no longer bound by samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life .
who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire , aversion , and ignorance ?
a buddha
48
23
2
according to buddhist traditions a buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire , aversion and ignorance . a buddha is no longer bound by samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life .
a buddha is no longer bound by what ?
samsara
48
9
1
according to buddhist traditions a buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire , aversion and ignorance . a buddha is no longer bound by samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life .
what do unawakend people experience ?
suffering
48
6
1
buddhists do not consider siddhartha gautama to have been the only buddha . the pali canon refers to many previous ones ( see list of the 28 buddhas ) , while the mahayana tradition additionally has many buddhas of celestial , rather than historical , origin ( see amitabha or vairocana as examples , for lists of many t...
how many buddhas are considered to have existed in the pali canon ?
28
94
13
1
buddhists do not consider siddhartha gautama to have been the only buddha . the pali canon refers to many previous ones ( see list of the 28 buddhas ) , while the mahayana tradition additionally has many buddhas of celestial , rather than historical , origin ( see amitabha or vairocana as examples , for lists of many t...
a theravada and mahayana belief is that the next buddha will be one named what ?
maitreya
94
16
1
buddhists do not consider siddhartha gautama to have been the only buddha . the pali canon refers to many previous ones ( see list of the 28 buddhas ) , while the mahayana tradition additionally has many buddhas of celestial , rather than historical , origin ( see amitabha or vairocana as examples , for lists of many t...
mahayana has many buddhas of what origin ?
celestial
94
8
1
in theravada doctrine , a person may awaken from the " sleep of ignorance " by directly realizing the true nature of reality such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas . after numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving , they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth , no longer reincarnating as human , ...
a person can awaken from the " sleep of ignorance " by acknowledging the true nature of what ?
reality
78
19
1
in theravada doctrine , a person may awaken from the " sleep of ignorance " by directly realizing the true nature of reality such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas . after numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving , they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth , no longer reincarnating as human , ...
at the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what ?
arahants
78
14
1
bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning , that of being freed from craving , hate , and delusion . in attaining bodhi , the arahant has overcome these obstacles . as a further distinction , the extinction of only hatred and greed ( in the sensory context ) with some residue of delusion , is called anagami .
nirvana and what term carry the same meaning ?
bodhi
59
9
1
bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning , that of being freed from craving , hate , and delusion . in attaining bodhi , the arahant has overcome these obstacles . as a further distinction , the extinction of only hatred and greed ( in the sensory context ) with some residue of delusion , is called anagami .
what is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed , with residue of delusion ?
anagami
59
17
1
in the mahayana , the buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human , but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless , omnipresent being ( see dharmakaya ) beyond the range and reach of thought . moreover , in certain mahayana sutras , the buddha , dharma and sangha are viewed essentially as one : all thr...
in the mahayana , who is thought to be an omnipresent being ?
buddha
69
13
1
in the mahayana , the buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human , but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless , omnipresent being ( see dharmakaya ) beyond the range and reach of thought . moreover , in certain mahayana sutras , the buddha , dharma and sangha are viewed essentially as one : all thr...
who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought ?
buddha
69
13
1
in the mahayana , the buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human , but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless , omnipresent being ( see dharmakaya ) beyond the range and reach of thought . moreover , in certain mahayana sutras , the buddha , dharma and sangha are viewed essentially as one : all thr...
in what sutras are the buddha , dharma , and sangha viewed as one ?
mahayana
69
15
1
the buddha ' s death is seen as an illusion , he is living on in other planes of existence , and monks are therefore permitted to offer " new truths " based on his input . mahayana also differs from theravada in its concept of nyat ( that ultimately nothing has existence ) , and in its belief in bodhisattvas ( enlighte...
buddha ' s death is seen as an illusion , as he is living in other planes of what ?
existence
78
20
1
the buddha ' s death is seen as an illusion , he is living on in other planes of existence , and monks are therefore permitted to offer " new truths " based on his input . mahayana also differs from theravada in its concept of nyat ( that ultimately nothing has existence ) , and in its belief in bodhisattvas ( enlighte...
who is permitted to offer " new truths " based on buddhas input ?
monks
78
14
1
the buddha ' s death is seen as an illusion , he is living on in other planes of existence , and monks are therefore permitted to offer " new truths " based on his input . mahayana also differs from theravada in its concept of nyat ( that ultimately nothing has existence ) , and in its belief in bodhisattvas ( enlighte...
what is the term for the idea of ultimately nothing has existance ?
nyat
78
13
1
the buddha ' s death is seen as an illusion , he is living on in other planes of existence , and monks are therefore permitted to offer " new truths " based on his input . mahayana also differs from theravada in its concept of nyat ( that ultimately nothing has existence ) , and in its belief in bodhisattvas ( enlighte...
who are enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn ?
bodhisattvas
78
11
1
the method of self exertion or " self power " without reliance on an external force or being stands in contrast to another major form of buddhism , pure land , which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific " other power " of amitabha buddha . pure land buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith o...
what is characterized by the deep truts in the " other power " of amitabha buddha
pure land
157
16
2
the method of self exertion or " self power " without reliance on an external force or being stands in contrast to another major form of buddhism , pure land , which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific " other power " of amitabha buddha . pure land buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith o...
what is perhaps the most faith oriented for of buddhism ?
pure land
157
11
2
the method of self exertion or " self power " without reliance on an external force or being stands in contrast to another major form of buddhism , pure land , which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific " other power " of amitabha buddha . pure land buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith o...
what buddha vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering ?
amitabha
157
11
1
buddhists believe gautama buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of buddhism . a buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha . this buddha era will end when all the kn...
who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first ?
gautama buddha
119
9
2
buddhists believe gautama buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of buddhism . a buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha . this buddha era will end when all the kn...
what is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha ?
a buddha era
119
23
3
buddhists believe gautama buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of buddhism . a buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha . this buddha era will end when all the kn...
who is the buddha of this buddha era ?
gautama buddha
119
9
2
buddhists believe gautama buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of buddhism . a buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha . this buddha era will end when all the kn...
who taught directly or indirectly to all other buddhas ?
gautama buddha
119
10
2
in addition , mahayana buddhists believe there are innumerable other buddhas in other universes . a theravada commentary says that buddhas arise one at a time in this world element , and not at all in others . the understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms , such as " world re...
who believes there are innumerable other buddhas in other universes ?
mahayana buddhists
65
11
2
in addition , mahayana buddhists believe there are innumerable other buddhas in other universes . a theravada commentary says that buddhas arise one at a time in this world element , and not at all in others . the understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms , such as " world re...
what buddhist belief says that buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras ?
theravada
65
17
1
the idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in east asian buddhism . pure land buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path , so it may be best to rely on the power of amit bha .
what form of buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path ?
pure land
53
18
2
bodhisattva means " enlightenment being " , and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood . traditionally , a bodhisattva is anyone who , motivated by great compassion , has generated bodhicitta , which is a spontaneous wish to attain buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings . theravada buddhism...
what does bodhisattva mean ?
enlightenment being
83
5
2
bodhisattva means " enlightenment being " , and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood . traditionally , a bodhisattva is anyone who , motivated by great compassion , has generated bodhicitta , which is a spontaneous wish to attain buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings . theravada buddhism...
what is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain buddhahood for the benefit of all beings ?
bodhicitta
83
18
1
according to jan nattier , the term mah y na " great vehicle " was originally even an honorary synonym for bodhisattvay na " bodhisattva vehicle . " the a as hasrik praj p ramit s tra , an early and important mahayana text , contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva : " because he has enlightenmen...
what term means " great vehicle " ?
mahayana
74
8
1
according to jan nattier , the term mah y na " great vehicle " was originally even an honorary synonym for bodhisattvay na " bodhisattva vehicle . " the a as hasrik praj p ramit s tra , an early and important mahayana text , contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva : " because he has enlightenmen...
what is an honorary synonym for bodhisattvayana ?
mahayana
74
8
1
according to jan nattier , the term mah y na " great vehicle " was originally even an honorary synonym for bodhisattvay na " bodhisattva vehicle . " the a as hasrik praj p ramit s tra , an early and important mahayana text , contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva : " because he has enlightenmen...
the astasahasrika prajnaparamita sutra is an important text of what type ?
mahayana
74
12
1
mahayana buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow , where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six p ramit s . according to mahayana teachings , these perfections are : d na , la , k anti , v rya , dhy na , and praj .
what buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas ?
mahayana
61
8
1
mahayana buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow , where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six p ramit s . according to mahayana teachings , these perfections are : d na , la , k anti , v rya , dhy na , and praj .
what is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas ?
bodhisattva vow
61
23
2
mahayana buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow , where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six p ramit s . according to mahayana teachings , these perfections are : d na , la , k anti , v rya , dhy na , and praj .
what are the six perfections under mahayana teachings ?
d na , la , k anti , v rya , dhy na , and praj
61
9
16
a famous saying by the 8th century indian buddhist scholar saint shantideva , which the 14th dalai lama often cites as his favourite verse , summarizes the bodhisattva ' s intention ( bodhicitta ) as follows : " for as long as space endures , and for as long as living beings remain , until then may i too abide to dispe...
which dalai lama cites shantideva ' s famous saying ?
the 14th dalai lama
71
10
4
devotion is an important part of the practice of most buddhists . devotional practices include bowing , offerings , pilgrimage , and chanting . in pure land buddhism , devotion to the buddha amitabha is the main practice . in nichiren buddhism , devotion to the lotus sutra is the main practice .
devotion is an important part of the practice of most what ?
buddhists
53
12
1
devotion is an important part of the practice of most buddhists . devotional practices include bowing , offerings , pilgrimage , and chanting . in pure land buddhism , devotion to the buddha amitabha is the main practice . in nichiren buddhism , devotion to the lotus sutra is the main practice .
what are the devotional practices ?
bowing , offerings , pilgrimage , and chanting
53
6
8
buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption ( pali : jh na skt : dhy na ) . the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the buddha . one key innovative teaching of the buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition . the...
buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption ?
meditative
126
10
1
buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption ( pali : jh na skt : dhy na ) . the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the buddha . one key innovative teaching of the buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition . the...
the most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who ?
the buddha
126
14
2
buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption ( pali : jh na skt : dhy na ) . the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the buddha . one key innovative teaching of the buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition . the...
the difference between the buddha ' s teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant ?
brahminic
126
21
1
buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption ( pali : jh na skt : dhy na ) . the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the buddha . one key innovative teaching of the buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition . the...
according to the buddha event he highest meditative state is not what ?
liberating
126
13
1
meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the buddha . the buddha built upon the yogis ' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques , but rejected their theories of liberation . in buddhism , mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all time...
meditation was an aspect of the practice of who ?
the yogis
89
10
2
meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the buddha . the buddha built upon the yogis ' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques , but rejected their theories of liberation . in buddhism , mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all time...
in buddhism , what must be developed at all times ?
mindfulness and clear awareness
89
11
4
religious knowledge or " vision " was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the buddhist fold . according to the sama aphala sutta , this sort of vision arose for the buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of " meditation " coupled with the perfection of " discipline " ( pali s la skt . la ...
religious knowledge is also known as what ?
vision
110
8
1
religious knowledge or " vision " was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the buddhist fold . according to the sama aphala sutta , this sort of vision arose for the buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of " meditation " coupled with the perfection of " discipline " ( pali s la skt . la ...
what type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day ?
meditative
110
13
1
religious knowledge or " vision " was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the buddhist fold . according to the sama aphala sutta , this sort of vision arose for the buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of " meditation " coupled with the perfection of " discipline " ( pali s la skt . la ...
there is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what ?
transcendent wisdom
110
15
2
the buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques . they describe meditative practices and states that existed before the buddha as well as those first developed within buddhism . two upanishads written after the rise of buddhism do contain full fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to lib...
what are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques ?
buddhist texts
52
10
2
the buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques . they describe meditative practices and states that existed before the buddha as well as those first developed within buddhism . two upanishads written after the rise of buddhism do contain full fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to lib...
what describes meditative states exising before the buddha ?
buddhist texts
52
9
2
the buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques . they describe meditative practices and states that existed before the buddha as well as those first developed within buddhism . two upanishads written after the rise of buddhism do contain full fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to lib...
what two items were written after the rise of buddhism ?
upanishads
52
11
1
while there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre buddhist early brahminic texts , wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the brahminic or shramanic tradition , based on strong parallels between upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the buddha as reco...
in pre buddhist early brahminic texts there is no evidence for what ?
meditation
101
13
1
while there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre buddhist early brahminic texts , wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the brahminic or shramanic tradition , based on strong parallels between upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the buddha as reco...
the upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition ?
contemplative
101
9
1
while there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre buddhist early brahminic texts , wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the brahminic or shramanic tradition , based on strong parallels between upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the buddha as reco...
what contains evidence for a contemplative tradition ?
nasadiya sukta
101
8
2
according to the scriptures , gautama buddha presented himself as a model . the dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of nirvana . the sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the buddha and providing further examples ...
who presented himself as a model ?
gautama buddha
64
7
2
according to the scriptures , gautama buddha presented himself as a model . the dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of nirvana . the sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the buddha and providing further examples ...
what offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering ?
dharma
64
13
1
according to the scriptures , gautama buddha presented himself as a model . the dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of nirvana . the sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the buddha and providing further examples ...
what provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the buddha ?
sangha
64
12
1
la ( sanskrit ) or s la ( p li ) is usually translated into english as " virtuous behavior " , " morality " , " moral discipline " , " ethics " or " precept " . it is an action committed through the body , speech , or mind , and involves an intentional effort . it is one of the three practices ( s la , sam dhi , and pa...
what is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort ?
la
110
13
1
la ( sanskrit ) or s la ( p li ) is usually translated into english as " virtuous behavior " , " morality " , " moral discipline " , " ethics " or " precept " . it is an action committed through the body , speech , or mind , and involves an intentional effort . it is one of the three practices ( s la , sam dhi , and pa...
sila is the second what ?
p ramit
110
6
2
la is the foundation of sam dhi bh vana ( meditative cultivation ) or mind cultivation . keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator , which is internal , but also peace in the community , which is external . according to the law of karma , keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts ...
what keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance ?
keeping the precepts
88
13
3
la is the foundation of sam dhi bh vana ( meditative cultivation ) or mind cultivation . keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator , which is internal , but also peace in the community , which is external . according to the law of karma , keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts ...
what is the foundation of samadhi bhavana ?
la
88
8
1
la is the foundation of sam dhi bh vana ( meditative cultivation ) or mind cultivation . keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator , which is internal , but also peace in the community , which is external . according to the law of karma , keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts ...
what promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community ?
keeping the precepts
88
15
3
la refers to overall principles of ethical behavior . there are several levels of s la , which correspond to " basic morality " ( five precepts ) , " basic morality with asceticism " ( eight precepts ) , " novice monkhood " ( ten precepts ) and " monkhood " ( vinaya or patimokkha ) . lay people generally undertake to l...
what does sila refer to ?
overall principles of ethical behavior
95
6
5
la refers to overall principles of ethical behavior . there are several levels of s la , which correspond to " basic morality " ( five precepts ) , " basic morality with asceticism " ( eight precepts ) , " novice monkhood " ( ten precepts ) and " monkhood " ( vinaya or patimokkha ) . lay people generally undertake to l...
lay people tend to live by the five what ?
precepts
95
10
1
la refers to overall principles of ethical behavior . there are several levels of s la , which correspond to " basic morality " ( five precepts ) , " basic morality with asceticism " ( eight precepts ) , " novice monkhood " ( ten precepts ) and " monkhood " ( vinaya or patimokkha ) . lay people generally undertake to l...
schools can undertake eight precepts , which add basic what ?
asceticism .
95
11
2
the precepts are not formulated as imperatives , but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice . in buddhist thought , the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely , even if there is no ...
precepts are not created as imperatives , but as what ?
training rules
77
11
2
the precepts are not formulated as imperatives , but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice . in buddhist thought , the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely , even if there is no ...
the cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness ?
ethical
77
12
1
the precepts are not formulated as imperatives , but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice . in buddhist thought , the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely , even if there is no ...
even if there is no further buddhist practice , what heavens is still likely ?
lower
77
15
1
in the eight precepts , the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict , and becomes a precept of celibacy . the three additional precepts are :
of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct ?
third
29
11
1
in the eight precepts , the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict , and becomes a precept of celibacy . the three additional precepts are :
what is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct ?
a precept of celibacy
29
10
4
the complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods . for the complete list , the seventh precept is partitioned into two , and a tenth added :
how many precepts are on the list ?
ten
33
8
1
the complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods . for the complete list , the seventh precept is partitioned into two , and a tenth added :
in the complete list of precepts , which one is partitioned into two ?
seventh
33
14
1
vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns . it includes the patimokkha , a set of 227 rules for monks in the theravadin recension . the precise content of the vinayapitaka ( scriptures on vinaya ) differs slightly according to different schools , and different schools or subschools set different standards fo...
how many basic precepts are there for monastics ?
the ten precepts
77
9
3
vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns . it includes the patimokkha , a set of 227 rules for monks in the theravadin recension . the precise content of the vinayapitaka ( scriptures on vinaya ) differs slightly according to different schools , and different schools or subschools set different standards fo...
what is the specific moral code for monks and nuns ?
vinaya
77
11
1
vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns . it includes the patimokkha , a set of 227 rules for monks in the theravadin recension . the precise content of the vinayapitaka ( scriptures on vinaya ) differs slightly according to different schools , and different schools or subschools set different standards fo...
how many rules dows the patimokkha have ?
227
77
8
1