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12,300 | A quotient field may mean either a residue field of a field of fractions. finite A finite module (or algebra) over a ring usually means one that is finitely generated as a module. It may also mean one with a finite number of elements, especially in the term finite field. | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,301 | A faithfully flat module over a ring R is a flat module whose tensor product with any non-zero module is non-zero. 2. A faithfully flat algebra over a ring R is an algebra that is faithfully flat as a module. | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,302 | excellent An excellent ring is a universally catenary Grothendieck ring such that for every finitely generated algebra the singular points of the spectrum form a closed subset. Ext The Ext functors, the derived functors of the Hom functor. extension 1. | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,303 | An étale algebra over a field is a finite product of finite separable extensions. Euclidean domain A Euclidean domain is an integral domain with a form of Euclid's algorithm. exact zero divisor A zero divisor x {\displaystyle x} is said to be an exact zero divisor if its annihilator, Ann R ( x ) = { r ∈ R ∣ r x = 0 }... | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,304 | A submodule M of N is called an essential submodule if it intersects every nonzero submodule of N. 2. An essential extension of a module M is a module N containing M such that every non-zero submodule intersects M. essentially of finite type An algebra is said to be essentially of finite type over another algebra if it... | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,305 | Eakin The Eakin–Nagata theorem states: given a finite ring extension A ⊂ B {\displaystyle A\subset B} , A {\displaystyle A} is a Noetherian ring if and only if B {\displaystyle B} is a Noetherian ring. Eisenstein Named after Gotthold Eisenstein 1. The ring of Eisenstein integers is the ring generated by a primitive cub... | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,306 | A normal ring is a ring whose localizations at prime ideals are normal domains. normally flat A module M over a ring R is called normally flat along an ideal I if the R/I-module ⊕InM/In+1M is flat. Nullstellensatz German for "zero locus theorem". Over algebraically closed field, the weak Nullstellensatz states that the... | Embedding dimension | 0.817153 |
12,307 | Calculating a global alignment is a form of global optimization that "forces" the alignment to span the entire length of all query sequences. By contrast, local alignments identify regions of similarity within long sequences that are often widely divergent overall. Local alignments are often preferable, but can be more... | Sequence similarity search | 0.817152 |
12,308 | One way of quantifying the utility of a given pairwise alignment is the 'maximal unique match' (MUM), or the longest subsequence that occurs in both query sequences. Longer MUM sequences typically reflect closer relatedness. in the multiple sequence alignment of genomes in computational biology. | Sequence similarity search | 0.817152 |
12,309 | In statistics, the reference class problem is the problem of deciding what class to use when calculating the probability applicable to a particular case. For example, to estimate the probability of an aircraft crashing, we could refer to the frequency of crashes among various different sets of aircraft: all aircraft, t... | Reference class problem | 0.817147 |
12,310 | Applying Bayesian probability in practice involves assessing a prior probability which is then applied to a likelihood function and updated through the use of Bayes' theorem. Suppose we wish to assess the probability of guilt of a defendant in a court case in which DNA (or other probabilistic) evidence is available. We... | Reference class problem | 0.817147 |
12,311 | The reference class problem discusses which class is the most appropriate to use. More formally, many arguments in statistics take the form of a statistical syllogism: X {\displaystyle X} proportion of F {\displaystyle F} are G {\displaystyle G} I {\displaystyle I} is an F {\displaystyle F} Therefore, the chance that I... | Reference class problem | 0.817147 |
12,312 | The Axilrod–Teller potential in molecular physics, is a three-body potential that results from a third-order perturbation correction to the attractive London dispersion interactions (instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole) V i j k = E 0 {\displaystyle V_{ijk}=E_{0}\left} where r i j {\displaystyle r_{ij}} is the ... | Axilrod–Teller potential | 0.817144 |
12,313 | As of 2004, the best known trapdoor function (family) candidates are the RSA and Rabin families of functions. Both are written as exponentiation modulo a composite number, and both are related to the problem of prime factorization. Functions related to the hardness of the discrete logarithm problem (either modulo a pri... | Trapdoor permutation | 0.817136 |
12,314 | Trapdoor functions came to prominence in cryptography in the mid-1970s with the publication of asymmetric (or public-key) encryption techniques by Diffie, Hellman, and Merkle. Indeed, Diffie & Hellman (1976) coined the term. | Trapdoor permutation | 0.817136 |
12,315 | In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a trapdoor function is a function that is easy to compute in one direction, yet difficult to compute in the opposite direction (finding its inverse) without special information, called the "trapdoor". Trapdoor functions are a special case of one-way functions and are wi... | Trapdoor permutation | 0.817136 |
12,316 | Among these machines is one with energy capacity of 1 MJ making it one of the largest plasma focus devices in the world. In Argentina there is an Inter-institutional Program for Plasma Focus Research since 1996, coordinated by a National Laboratory of Dense Magnetized Plasmas (www.pladema.net) in Tandil, Buenos Aires. ... | Plasma focus | 0.817136 |
12,317 | A network of ten identical DPF machines operates in eight countries around the world. This network produces research papers on topics including machine optimization & diagnostics (soft x-rays, neutrons, electron and ion beams), applications (microlithography, micromachining, materials modification and fabrication, imag... | Plasma focus | 0.817136 |
12,318 | Experiments and computer simulations to investigate the capability of DPF for fusion power are underway at Lawrenceville Plasma Physics (LPP) under the direction of Eric Lerner, who explained his "Focus Fusion" approach in a 2007 Google Tech Talk. On November 14, 2008, Lerner received funding for continued research, to... | Plasma focus | 0.817135 |
12,319 | Because instancing geometry in most 3D packages only references the original object, file sizes are kept very small and changing the original changes all of the instances. In many offline renderers, such as Pixar's PhotoRealistic RenderMan, instancing is achieved by using delayed load render procedurals to only load ge... | Geometry instancing | 0.81713 |
12,320 | Geometry instancing in Houdini, Maya or other 3D packages usually involves mapping a static or pre-animated object or geometry to particles or arbitrary points in space, which can then be rendered by almost any offline renderer. Geometry instancing in offline rendering is useful for creating things like swarms of insec... | Geometry instancing | 0.81713 |
12,321 | Starting in Direct3D version 9, Microsoft included support for geometry instancing. This method improves the potential runtime performance of rendering instanced geometry by explicitly allowing multiple copies of a mesh to be rendered sequentially by specifying the differentiating parameters for each in a separate stre... | Geometry instancing | 0.81713 |
12,322 | In real-time computer graphics, geometry instancing is the practice of rendering multiple copies of the same mesh in a scene at once. This technique is primarily used for objects such as trees, grass, or buildings which can be represented as repeated geometry without appearing unduly repetitive, but may also be used fo... | Geometry instancing | 0.81713 |
12,323 | A modern design can have billions of polygons that represent wires and transistors. Efficient checking relies heavily on geometry query. For example, a rule may specify that any polygon must be at least n nanometers from any other polygon. This is converted into a geometry query by enlarging a polygon by n/2 at all sid... | Spatial partitioning | 0.817129 |
12,324 | In integrated circuit design, an important step is design rule check. This step ensures that the completed design is manufacturable. The check involves rules that specify widths and spacings and other geometry patterns. | Spatial partitioning | 0.817129 |
12,325 | In geometry, space partitioning is the process of dividing a space (usually a Euclidean space) into two or more disjoint subsets (see also partition of a set). In other words, space partitioning divides a space into non-overlapping regions. Any point in the space can then be identified to lie in exactly one of the regi... | Spatial partitioning | 0.817129 |
12,326 | Space partitioning is particularly important in computer graphics, especially heavily used in ray tracing, where it is frequently used to organize the objects in a virtual scene. A typical scene may contain millions of polygons. Performing a ray/polygon intersection test with each would be a very computationally expens... | Spatial partitioning | 0.817129 |
12,327 | Weight functions can be employed in both discrete and continuous settings. They can be used to construct systems of calculus called "weighted calculus" and "meta-calculus". | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,328 | Weight function – is a mathematical device used when performing a sum, integral, or average to give some elements more "weight" or influence on the result than other elements in the same set. The result of this application of a weight function is a weighted sum or weighted average. Weight functions occur frequently in ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,329 | This glossary of aerospace engineering terms pertains specifically to aerospace engineering, its sub-disciplines, and related fields including aviation and aeronautics. For a broad overview of engineering, see glossary of engineering. | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,330 | Because of the vastness of those distances, practical interstellar travel based on known physics would need to occur at a high percentage of the speed of light; even so, travel times would be long, at least decades and perhaps millennia or longer. Ion thruster – An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of el... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,331 | The hybrid rocket concept can be traced back to at least the 1930s. Hydrodynamics – In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,332 | The modern notation of Newton's law involving G was introduced in the 1890s by C. V. Boys. The first implicit measurement with an accuracy within about 1% is attributed to Henry Cavendish in a 1798 experiment. Gravitational slingshot – In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity a... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,333 | In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum tensor (also referred to as the stress–energy tensor). The measured value of the constant is known with some certainty to four significant digits. In SI units, its value is approximately 6.674×10−11 m3⋅... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,334 | Freefall – In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it. In the context of general relativity, where gravitation is reduced to a space-time curvature, a body in free fall has no force acting on it. An object in the technical sense of the term "free fall" may not... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,335 | Force – In physics, a force is any influence that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,336 | Fluid mechanics – is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, civil, chemical and biomedical engineering, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology. ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,337 | Fluid dynamics – In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,338 | When not in use, the stick is secured within the tube. Fluid – In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that continuously deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to the... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,339 | Fatigue – In materials science, fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads. It is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. The nominal maximum stress values that cause such damage may be much less than the strength of the ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,340 | If the dynamics of a system is known, the equations are the solutions for the differential equations describing the motion of the dynamics. ESA – European Space Agency ET – (Space Shuttle) external tank Euler angles – are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,341 | {\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}(\mathbf {u} )\equiv \int _{S}|\nabla \times \mathbf {u} |^{2}\,dS\,.} In the context of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, enstrophy appears in the following useful result d d t ( 1 2 ∫ Ω | u | 2 ) = − ν E ( u ) {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}\int _{\Omega }|\ma... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,342 | Eigenvector slew – In aerospace engineering, especially those areas dealing with spacecraft, the eigenvector slew is a method to calculate a steering correction (called a slew) by rotating the spacecraft around one fixed axis, or a gimbal. This corresponds in general to the fastest and most efficient way to reach the d... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,343 | Drag equation – In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: F D = 1 2 ρ u 2 C D A {\displaystyle F_{D}\,=\,{\tfrac {1}{2}}\,\rho \,u^{2}\,C_{D}\,A} F D {\displaystyle F_{D}} is the drag f... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,344 | DO-178B – DO-254 – Drag (physics) – In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,345 | Density – Departure resistance – is a quality of an aircraft which enables it to remain in controlled flight and resist entering potentially dangerous less-controlled maneuvers such as spin. Derivative – The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output val... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,346 | Deformation (engineering) – In materials science, deformation refers to any changes in the shape or size of an object due to an applied force (the deformation energy, in this case, is transferred through work) or a change in temperature (the deformation energy, in this case, is transferred through heat). Deformation (m... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,347 | On modern aircraft, the CSD is often combined with a generator into a single unit known as an integrated drive generator (IDG). Control engineering – or control systems engineering, is an engineering discipline that applies automatic control theory to design systems with desired behaviors in control environments. The d... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,348 | Center of mass – In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating. The distribution of mass is balanced around ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,349 | Buoyancy – In physics, buoyancy or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid. Thus the pressure at the bottom of a column of fluid is greater than at the top of the c... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,350 | Boundary layer – In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is an important concept and refers to the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant. In the Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is the air layer near the ground affected b... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,351 | Angular momentum – In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum. It is an important quantity in physics because it is a conserved quantity—the total angular momentum of a system remains constant unless acted on by an external torque. An... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,352 | Aerospace engineering – is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: Aeronautical engineering and Astronautical Engineering. Avionics engineering is similar, but deals with the electronics side of aerospace engineering. | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,353 | Aerodynamics is a sub-field of gas dynamics, which in turn is a sub-field of fluid dynamics. Many aspects and principles of aerodynamics theory are common to these three fields. Aeroelasticity – is the branch of physics and engineering that studies the interactions between the inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,354 | Action has the dimensions of ⋅ or ⋅, and its SI unit is joule-second. ADF – Automatic direction finder Advanced Space Vision System – The Advanced Space Vision System (also known as the Space Vision System or by its acronym SVS) is a computer vision system designed primarily for International Space Station (ISS) assemb... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,355 | Action – In physics, action is an attribute of the dynamics of a physical system from which the equations of motion of the system can be derived. It is a mathematical functional which takes the trajectory, also called path or history, of the system as its argument and has a real number as its result. Generally, the act... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,356 | The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero. Acceleration – In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. An object's acceleration is the net result of any and all forces acting on the object, as described by Newton's Second Law. | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,357 | Tait–Bryan rotations – Temperature – Terminal velocity – is the maximum velocity (speed) attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid (air is the most common example). It occurs when the sum of the drag force (Fd) and the buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity (FG) acting on the object. Since the net... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,358 | SABRE – Satellite – Saturn (rocket family) – Scalar (physics) – A quantity with magnitude but no direction. Schlieren – Schlieren photography – Scramjet – Second moment of area – Shock wave – SI – Single point of failure – Single-stage-to-orbit – spacecraft able to fly from a celestial body (usually the Earth or the Mo... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,359 | Perpendicular axes theorem – states that the moment of inertia of a planar lamina (i.e. 2-D body) about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the lamina about the two axes at right angles to each other, in its own plane intersecting each other at the point whe... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,360 | Parallel axis theorem – also known as Huygens–Steiner theorem, or just as Steiner's theorem, named after Christiaan Huygens and Jakob Steiner, can be used to determine the moment of inertia or the second moment of area of a rigid body about any axis, given the body's moment of inertia about a parallel axis through the ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,361 | The boom was grappled by the Canadarm and served as an extension of the arm, doubling its length to a combined total of 100 feet (30 m). At the far end of the boom was an instrumentation package of cameras and lasers used to scan the leading edges of the wings, the nose cap, and the crew compartment after each lift-off... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,362 | Orbital period – (also revolution period), is the time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object, and applies in astronomy usually to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets, exoplanets orbiting other stars, or binary stars. Orbital station-keeping – In astrodyn... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,363 | In celestial mechanics these elements are considered in two-body systems using a Kepler orbit. There are many different ways to mathematically describe the same orbit, but certain schemes, each consisting of a set of six parameters, are commonly used in astronomy and orbital mechanics. A real orbit and its elements cha... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,364 | Orbit – In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. To a close approximation, pla... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,365 | NACA – United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, replaced by NASA in 1958. NASA – United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Navier–Stokes equations – In physics, the Navier–Stokes equations() are certain partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substa... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,366 | Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed, and time. The motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame with change in time. The branch of physics describing ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,367 | {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} =m\mathbf {v} .} In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement of momentum is the kilogram metre per second (kg⋅m/s), which is equivalent to the newton-second.Momentum wheel – Monopropellant rocket – or monochemical rocket, is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its p... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,368 | An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it dir... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,369 | It was conceptualized by aerospace engineering professor Leik Myrabo at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976, who developed the concept further with working prototypes, funded in the 1980s by the Strategic Defense Initiative organization, and the decade after by the Advanced Concept Division of the US Air Force AFR... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,370 | The directional derivative δ S {\displaystyle \delta {\cal {S}}} on the left is known as variation in physics and Gateaux derivative in mathematics.Lagrangian mechanics has been extended to allow for non-conservative forces.Lagrangian point – In celestial mechanics, the Lagrange points (also Lagrangian points, L-points... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,371 | The theorem relates the lift generated by an airfoil to the speed of the airfoil through the fluid, the density of the fluid and the circulation around the airfoil. The circulation is defined as the line integral around a closed-loop enclosing the airfoil of the component of the velocity of the fluid tangent to the loo... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,372 | It is named for German mathematician and aerodynamicist Martin Kutta.Kuethe and Schetzer state the Kutta condition as follows:: § 4.11 A body with a sharp trailing edge which is moving through a fluid will create about itself a circulation of sufficient strength to hold the rear stagnation point at the trailing edge.In... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,373 | One implication is that the distribution of debris in orbit could render space activities and the use of satellites in specific orbital ranges difficult for many generations. Kinetic energy – In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,374 | Keel effect – In aeronautics, the keel effect (also known as the pendulum effect or pendulum stability) is the result of the sideforce-generating surfaces being above (or below) the center of mass (which coincides with the center of gravity) in an aircraft. Along with dihedral, sweepback, and weight distribution, keel ... | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.817128 |
12,375 | {\displaystyle C^{\text{Bayes}}(x)={\underset {r\in \{1,2,\dots ,K\}}{\operatorname {argmax} }}\operatorname {P} (Y=r\mid X=x).} In practice, as in most of statistics, the difficulties and subtleties are associated with modeling the probability distributions effectively—in this case, P ( Y = r ∣ X = x ) {\displaystyl... | Bayes classifier | 0.817121 |
12,376 | Similarity learning is used in information retrieval for learning to rank, in face verification or face identification, and in recommendation systems. Also, many machine learning approaches rely on some metric. This includes unsupervised learning such as clustering, which groups together close or similar objects. It al... | Similarity learning | 0.81712 |
12,377 | Moreover, as any symmetric positive semi-definite matrix W ∈ S + d {\displaystyle W\in S_{+}^{d}} can be decomposed as W = L ⊤ L {\displaystyle W=L^{\top }L} where L ∈ R e × d {\displaystyle L\in R^{e\times d}} and e ≥ r a n k ( W ) {\displaystyle e\geq rank(W)} , the distance function D W {\displaystyle D_{W}} can be ... | Similarity learning | 0.81712 |
12,378 | Similarity learning is an area of supervised machine learning in artificial intelligence. It is closely related to regression and classification, but the goal is to learn a similarity function that measures how similar or related two objects are. It has applications in ranking, in recommendation systems, visual identit... | Similarity learning | 0.81712 |
12,379 | Faà di Bruno's formula Factorial number system Family of sets Faulhaber's formula Fifteen puzzle Finite geometry Finite intersection property | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,380 | Eight queens puzzle Entropy coding Enumeration Algebraic enumeration Combinatorial enumeration Burnside's lemma Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem Euler number | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,381 | Data integrity Alternating bit protocol Checksum Cyclic redundancy check Luhn formula Error detection Error-detecting code Error-detecting system Message digest Redundancy check Summation check De Bruijn sequence Deadlock Delannoy number Dining philosophers problem Mutual exclusion Rendezvous problem Derangement Dickso... | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,382 | Catalan number Cellular automaton Collatz conjecture Combination Combinatorial design Combinatorial number system Combinatorial optimization Combinatorial search Constraint satisfaction problem Conway's Game of Life Cycles and fixed points Cyclic order Cyclic permutation Cyclotomic identity | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,383 | MacMahon Master theorem Magic square Matroid embedding Monge array Monomial order Moreau's necklace-counting function Motzkin number Multiplicities of entries in Pascal's triangle Multiset Munkres' assignment algorithm | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,384 | q-analog q-binomial theorem—see Gaussian binomial coefficient q-derivative q-series q-theta function q-Vandermonde identity | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,385 | Hadamard matrices Complex Hadamard matrices Butson-type Hadamard matrices Generalized Hadamard matrices Regular Hadamard matrices Hall's marriage theorem Perfect matching Hamming distance Hash function Hash collision Perfect hash function Heilbronn triangle problem Helly family Hypergeometric function identities Hyperg... | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,386 | Game theory Combinatorial game theory Combinatorial game theory (history) Combinatorial game theory (pedagogy) Star (game theory) Zero game, fuzzy game Dots and Boxes Impartial game Digital sum Nim Nimber Sprague–Grundy theorem Partizan game Solved board games Col game Sim (pencil game) Sprouts (game) Surreal numbers T... | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,387 | Barcode Matrix code QR Code Universal Product Code Bell polynomials Bertrand's ballot theorem Binary matrix Binomial theorem Block design Balanced incomplete block design(BIBD) Symmetric balanced incomplete block design (SBIBD) Partially balanced incomplete block designs (PBIBDs) Block walking Boolean satisfiability pr... | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,388 | == A == Abstract simplicial complex Addition chain Scholz conjecture Algebraic combinatorics Alternating sign matrix Almost disjoint sets Antichain Arrangement of hyperplanes Assignment problem Quadratic assignment problem Audioactive decay | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,389 | Schröder number Search algorithm Binary search Interpolation search Linear search Local search String searching algorithm Aho–Corasick string matching algorithm Fuzzy string searching grep, agrep, wildcard character Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm Sequences with zero autocorrelation function Series-parallel networks probl... | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,390 | Lagrange inversion theorem Lagrange reversion theorem Lah number Large number Latin square Levenshtein distance Lexicographical order Littlewood–Offord problem Lubell–Yamamoto–Meshalkin inequality (known as the LYM inequality) Lucas chain | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,391 | Kakeya needle problem Kirkman's schoolgirl problem Knapsack problem Kruskal–Katona theorem | Index of combinatorics articles | 0.817118 |
12,392 | Solid geometry, including table of major three-dimensional shapes Box-drawing character Cuisenaire rods (learning aid) Geometric shape Geometric Shapes (Unicode) Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names List of symbols Pattern Blocks (learning aid) | Lists of shapes | 0.817117 |
12,393 | Kruskal and Zabusky follow up the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem with further numerical experiments, and coin the term "soliton". Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture formulated through investigations on a computer. Grobner bases and Buchberger's algorithm invented for algebra Frenchman Verlet (re)discovers a numeric... | Timeline of computational mathematics | 0.817114 |
12,394 | Computer algebra replicates and extends the work of Delaunay in lunar theory. Mandelbrot, from studies of the Fatou, Julia and Mandelbrot sets, coined and popularized the term 'fractal' to describe these structures' self-similarity. Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken prove the four colour theorem, the first theorem to be... | Timeline of computational mathematics | 0.817114 |
12,395 | A routine for the Manchester Baby written to factor a large number (2^18), one of the first in computational number theory. The Manchester group would make several other breakthroughs in this area. LU decomposition technique first discovered. | Timeline of computational mathematics | 0.817114 |
12,396 | Bayesian Optimization which has proven to be an efficient method for hyperparameter optimization can also be applied to NAS. In this context the objective function maps an architecture to its validation error after being trained for a number of epochs. At each iteration BO uses a surrogate to model this objective funct... | Neural architecture search | 0.817113 |
12,397 | Another group used a hill climbing procedure that applies network morphisms, followed by short cosine-annealing optimization runs. The approach yielded competitive results, requiring resources on the same order of magnitude as training a single network. E.g., on CIFAR-10, the method designed and trained a network with ... | Neural architecture search | 0.817113 |
12,398 | There are primarily two types of NAS benchmarks: a surrogate NAS benchmark and a tabular NAS benchmark. A surrogate benchmark uses a surrogate model (eg: a neural network) to predict the performance of an architecture from the search space. On the other hand a tabular benchmark queries the actual performance of an arch... | Neural architecture search | 0.817113 |
12,399 | Neural architecture search (NAS) is a technique for automating the design of artificial neural networks (ANN), a widely used model in the field of machine learning. NAS has been used to design networks that are on par or outperform hand-designed architectures. Methods for NAS can be categorized according to the search ... | Neural architecture search | 0.817113 |
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