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26,900 | According to Six Sigma, a SME "exhibits the highest level of expertise in performing a specialized job, task, or skill of broad definition. "In software development, as in the development of "complex computer systems" (e.g., artificial intelligence, expert systems, control, simulation, or business software), a SME is a... | Subject-matter expert | 0.806949 |
26,901 | In software engineering environments, the term is used to describe professionals with expertise in the field of application. The term "SME" also has a broader definition in engineering and high tech as one who has the greatest expertise in a technical topic. SMEs are often asked to review, improve, and approve technica... | Subject-matter expert | 0.806949 |
26,902 | In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems. Many laws in physics, where the independent variable is usually as... | Autonomous system (mathematics) | 0.806949 |
26,903 | The following techniques apply to one-dimensional autonomous differential equations. Any one-dimensional equation of order n {\displaystyle n} is equivalent to an n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional first-order system (as described in reduction to a first-order system), but not necessarily vice versa. | Autonomous system (mathematics) | 0.806949 |
26,904 | In topology, a map is a branched covering if it is a covering map everywhere except for a nowhere dense set known as the branch set. Examples include the map from a wedge of circles to a single circle, where the map is a homeomorphism on each circle. | Branched covering | 0.806947 |
26,905 | Methylations are epigenetic modification that, in eukaryotes, regulates processes as cell differentiation, and embryogenesis, while in prokaryotes can have a role in self recognition, protecting the DNA from being cleaved by the restriction endonuclease system, or for gene regulation. The first function is controlled b... | Cell cycle regulated Methyltransferase | 0.806947 |
26,906 | A binary recompiler is a compiler that takes executable binary files as input, analyzes their structure, applies transformations and optimizations, and outputs new optimized executable binaries.The foundation to the concepts of binary recompilation were laid out by Gary Kildall with the development of the optimizing as... | Binary recompiler | 0.806946 |
26,907 | In the field of multivariate statistics, kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) is an extension of principal component analysis (PCA) using techniques of kernel methods. Using a kernel, the originally linear operations of PCA are performed in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. | Kernel principal component analysis | 0.806946 |
26,908 | Department of Labor statistics, only 17% have access to paid leave.The National Partnership for Women & Families, an organization that works to promote the wellbeing of women and families, says "the benefits of paid family leave in states that have introduced it include improved worker morale, time for parents to bond ... | Postnatal development | 0.806943 |
26,909 | The study of clusters attempts to bridge this gap of knowledge by clustering atoms together and studying their characteristics. If enough atoms were clustered together, eventually one would obtain a liquid or solid. The study of atomic and molecular clusters also benefits the developing field of nanotechnology. If new ... | Cluster (physics) | 0.806941 |
26,910 | In physics, the term clusters denotes small, polyatomic particles. As a rule of thumb, any particle made of between 3×100 and 3×107 atoms is considered a cluster. The term can also refer to the organization of protons and neutrons within an atomic nucleus, e.g. the alpha particle (also known as "α-cluster"), consisting... | Cluster (physics) | 0.806941 |
26,911 | Photochemistry Luminescence Optically pumped lasers use photoexcitation in a way that the excited atoms in the lasers get an enormous direct-gap gain needed for the lasers. The density that is needed for the population inversion in the compound Ge, a material often used in lasers, must become 1020 cm−3, and this is acq... | Photoexcitation | 0.806941 |
26,912 | The Collective Optimization Database is an open repository to enable sharing of benchmarks, data sets and optimization cases from the community, provide web services and plugins to analyze optimization data and predict program transformations or better hardware designs for multi-objective optimizations based on statist... | Collective Optimization Database | 0.80694 |
26,913 | The 2008 Revision has been published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM). Rules are maintained by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP; formerly the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, ICSB). The baseline for bacterial names is the ... | Type strain | 0.806939 |
26,914 | An early Code for the nomenclature of bacteria was approved at the 4th International Congress for Microbiology in 1947, but was later discarded. The latest version to be printed in book form is the 1990 Revision, but the book does not represent the current rules. | Type strain | 0.806939 |
26,915 | The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC) governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea. It denotes the rules for naming taxa of bacteria, according to their relative rank. As such it is one of the... | Type strain | 0.806939 |
26,916 | Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics grew out of the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, most likely as a distillation of the underlying technique. The distribution was first derived by Maxwell in 1860 on heuristic grounds. Boltzmann later, in the 1870s, carried out significant investigations into the physical origins of this dist... | Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | 0.806935 |
26,917 | What has been presented above is essentially a derivation of the canonical partition function. As one can see by comparing the definitions, the Boltzmann sum over states is equal to the canonical partition function. Exactly the same approach can be used to derive Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein statistics. | Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | 0.806935 |
26,918 | In quite a few cases, including that of the Weil conjectures, other methods have been found to prove such results unconditionally. The classical formulations of the standard conjectures involve a fixed Weil cohomology theory H. All of the conjectures deal with "algebraic" cohomology classes, which means a morphism on t... | Standard conjectures | 0.806935 |
26,919 | In mathematics, the standard conjectures about algebraic cycles are several conjectures describing the relationship of algebraic cycles and Weil cohomology theories. One of the original applications of these conjectures, envisaged by Alexander Grothendieck, was to prove that his construction of pure motives gave an abe... | Standard conjectures | 0.806935 |
26,920 | This means that, at appropriate constant pressures, these substances freeze with the addition of heat. In the case of 4He, this pressure range is between 24.992 and 25.00 atm (2,533 kPa). These values are mostly from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd edition. The conversion between cal/g and J/g in the ab... | Enthalpy of fusion | 0.806934 |
26,921 | Lambda calculus is a consistent theory in its own domain. However, it is not consistent to add the lambda abstraction definition to general mathematics. Lambda terms describe values from the lambda calculus domain. | Löb's paradox | 0.806929 |
26,922 | In the 1930s, Curry's paradox and the related Kleene–Rosser paradox played a major role in showing that formal logic systems based on self-recursive expressions are inconsistent. These include some versions of lambda calculus and combinatory logic. Curry began with the Kleene–Rosser paradox and deduced that the core pr... | Löb's paradox | 0.806929 |
26,923 | Each lambda term has a value in that domain. When translating expressions from mathematics to lambda calculus, the domain of lambda calculus terms is not always isomorphic to the domain of the mathematical expressions. This lack of isomorphism is the source of the apparent contradictions. | Löb's paradox | 0.806929 |
26,924 | Wolfgang Pauli was also fascinated by the appearance of certain numbers, including 137 (a prime number), in physics.British mathematician I. J. Good wrote: There have been a few examples of numerology that have led to theories that transformed society: see the mention of Kirchhoff and Balmer in Good (1962, p. 316) ... ... | Pythagorean numerology | 0.806929 |
26,925 | The development of an analytical instrument that utilizes the reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry of oxygen in the presence of dissimilar metal electrodes was introduced during the 1950s. This redox electrode (also known as dissolved oxygen sensor) utilized an oxygen-permeable membrane to allow the diffusion of the g... | Biological oxygen demand | 0.806921 |
26,926 | A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in civil engineering and chemical engineering to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amoun... | Sieve analysis | 0.806918 |
26,927 | A molecular shuttle in supramolecular chemistry is a special type of molecular machine capable of shuttling molecules or ions from one location to another. This field is of relevance to nanotechnology in its quest for nanoscale electronic components and also to biology where many biochemical functions are based on mole... | Molecular shuttle | 0.806918 |
26,928 | The mass of the sample of each sieve is then divided by the total mass to give a percentage retained on each sieve. The size of the average particle on each sieve is then analysed to get a cut-off point or specific size range, which is then captured on a screen. The results of this test are used to describe the propert... | Sieve analysis | 0.806918 |
26,929 | The theory of abstract polytopes attempts to detach polytopes from the space containing them, considering their purely combinatorial properties. This allows the definition of the term to be extended to include objects for which it is difficult to define an intuitive underlying space, such as the 11-cell. An abstract po... | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,930 | In the field of optimization, linear programming studies the maxima and minima of linear functions; these maxima and minima occur on the boundary of an n-dimensional polytope. In linear programming, polytopes occur in the use of generalized barycentric coordinates and slack variables. In twistor theory, a branch of the... | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,931 | In elementary geometry, a polytope is a geometric object with flat sides (faces). Polytopes are the generalization of three-dimensional polyhedra to any number of dimensions. Polytopes may exist in any general number of dimensions n as an n-dimensional polytope or n-polytope. For example, a two-dimensional polygon is a... | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,932 | The Gram–Euler theorem similarly generalizes the alternating sum of internal angles ∑ φ {\textstyle \sum \varphi } for convex polyhedra to higher-dimensional polytopes: ∑ φ = ( − 1 ) d − 1 {\displaystyle \sum \varphi =(-1)^{d-1}} | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,933 | The convex uniform 4-polytopes were fully enumerated by John Conway and Michael Guy using a computer in 1965; in higher dimensions this problem was still open as of 1997. The full enumeration for nonconvex uniform polytopes is not known in dimensions four and higher as of 2008.In modern times, polytopes and related con... | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,934 | He described the six convex regular 4-polytopes in 1852 but his work was not published until 1901, six years after his death. By 1854, Bernhard Riemann's Habilitationsschrift had firmly established the geometry of higher dimensions, and thus the concept of n-dimensional polytopes was made acceptable. Schläfli's polytop... | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,935 | Nowadays, the term polytope is a broad term that covers a wide class of objects, and various definitions appear in the mathematical literature. Many of these definitions are not equivalent to each other, resulting in different overlapping sets of objects being called polytopes. They represent different approaches to ge... | Polytope | 0.806918 |
26,936 | Infinite Recharge (stylized in all caps) is the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) game for the 2020 season. The season is in partnership with Lucasfilm as part of its Star Wars: Force for Change initiative. The Infinite Recharge game involves two alliances of three teams each, with each team controlling a robot and perf... | Infinite Recharge | 0.806917 |
26,937 | Much insight in quantum mechanics can be gained from understanding the closed-form solutions to the time-dependent non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It takes the form H ^ ψ ( r , t ) = ψ ( r , t ) = i ℏ ∂ ψ ( r , t ) ∂ t , {\displaystyle {\hat {H}}\psi \left(\mathbf {r} ,t\right)=\left\psi \left(\mathbf {r} ,t\ri... | List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions | 0.806917 |
26,938 | A constant-resistance network in electrical engineering is a network whose input resistance does not change with frequency when correctly terminated. Examples of constant resistance networks include: Zobel network Lattice phase equaliser Boucherot cell Bridged T delay equaliser | Constant-resistance network | 0.806915 |
26,939 | The NA35 experiment was a particle physics experiment that took place in the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. It used a streamer chamber with comprehensive hadronic and electromagnetic calorimetry. This experiment was used to observe the properties of nucleus-nucleus collisions at 60 and 200 Ge... | NA35 experiment | 0.806911 |
26,940 | Dr. Elizabeth Conibear – Associate Professor, Department of Medical Genetics Dr. Daniel Goldowitz – Canada Research Chair Tier I & Professor, Department of Medical Genetics Dr. Michael Hayden - Founder, Professor, Department of Medical Genetics Dr. Michael S. Kobor – Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Genetics ... | Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics | 0.806909 |
26,941 | 1999 – ABCA1 a key regulator of high-density lipoprotein in humans is discovered 2003 – LPL deficiency is cured in animal models 2004 – Open-access JASPAR database is released - a fundamental resource for studying gene regulation 2005 – Gene networks analysis algorithm published 2006 – Huntington Disease is treated in ... | Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics | 0.806909 |
26,942 | Bioinformatics Developmental Biology Epigenetics Lipid Biology Neurobiology Pharmacogenomics Transgenics | Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics | 0.806908 |
26,943 | This notion of the division a(x)/b(x) results in two polynomials, a quotient q(x) and a remainder r(x), such that a = b q + r and degree(r) < degree(b). The quotient and remainder may be computed by any of several algorithms, including polynomial long division and synthetic division.When the denominator b(x) is monic a... | Bivariate polynomial | 0.806908 |
26,944 | Griess constructed M as the automorphism group of the Griess algebra, a 196,884-dimensional commutative nonassociative algebra over the real numbers; he first announced his construction in Ann Arbor on January 14, 1980. In his 1982 paper, he referred to the monster as the Friendly Giant, but this name has not been gene... | Monster simple group | 0.806906 |
26,945 | The monster group is one of two principal constituents in the monstrous moonshine conjecture by Conway and Norton, which relates discrete and non-discrete mathematics and was finally proved by Richard Borcherds in 1992. In this setting, the monster group is visible as the automorphism group of the monster module, a ver... | Monster simple group | 0.806906 |
26,946 | In the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, the monster group M (also known as the Fischer–Griess monster, or the friendly giant) is the largest sporadic simple group, having order 246 · 320 · 59 · 76 · 112 · 133 · 17 · 19 · 23 · 29 · 31 · 41 · 47 · 59 · 71 = 808,017,424,794,512,875,886,459,904,961,710,757,0... | Monster simple group | 0.806906 |
26,947 | In nanotechnology, a megalibrary is an assembly of millions of nanostructures. Its contents vary by size, composition, and shape. A single megalibrary may contain more new inorganic materials than have been synthesized and characterized to date. | Megalibrary (nanotech) | 0.806903 |
26,948 | They are also used to generate 3D models of urban environments. Drones are often used to collect a series of RGB images which can be later processed on a computer vision algorithm platform such as on AgiSoft Photoscan, Pix4D, DroneDeploy or Hammer Missions to create RGB point clouds from where distances and volumetric ... | Point cloud | 0.806899 |
26,949 | MPEG began standardizing point cloud compression (PCC) with a Call for Proposal (CfP) in 2017. Three categories of point clouds were identified: category 1 for static point clouds, category 2 for dynamic point clouds, and category 3 for LiDAR sequences (dynamically acquired point clouds). Two technologies were finally ... | Point cloud | 0.806899 |
26,950 | George Ciprian Necula is a Romanian computer scientist, engineer at Google, and former professor at the University of California, Berkeley who does research in the area of programming languages and software engineering, with a particular focus on software verification and formal methods. He is best known for his Ph.D. ... | C Intermediate Language | 0.806899 |
26,951 | Originally from Baia Mare, Romania, Necula received a BS in Computer Science (1992) from the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. He then came to Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, completing his MS in Computer Science (1995) and PhD in Computer Science (1998) under programming-languages researcher Peter ... | C Intermediate Language | 0.806899 |
26,952 | The Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (formerly the Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry) was founded on 1 April 1984. | Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (Russia) | 0.806895 |
26,953 | Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, ICBFM SB RAS (Russian: Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН, ИХБФМ СО РАН) is a research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1984. | Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (Russia) | 0.806895 |
26,954 | A second consideration is one that takes advantage of unique nanoscale materials properties. The high aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes (easily >1000) is exploited to image surfaces with deep features. The use of the carbon material broadens the functionalization chemistry since there are countless routes to chemical mo... | Chemical force microscopy | 0.806891 |
26,955 | Point masses and point charges, discussed below, are two common cases. When a point particle has an additive property, such as mass or charge, it is often represented mathematically by a Dirac delta function. In quantum mechanics, the concept of a point particle is complicated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, b... | Point mass | 0.80689 |
26,956 | A point particle, ideal particle or point-like particle (often spelled pointlike particle) is an idealization of particles heavily used in physics. Its defining feature is that it lacks spatial extension; being dimensionless, it does not take up space. A point particle is an appropriate representation of any object whe... | Point mass | 0.80689 |
26,957 | Point mass (pointlike mass) is the concept, for example in classical physics, of a physical object (typically matter) that has nonzero mass, and yet explicitly and specifically is (or is being thought of or modeled as) infinitesimal (infinitely small) in its volume or linear dimensions. In the theory of gravity, extend... | Point mass | 0.80689 |
26,958 | Laser vaporization in matrix isolation spectroscopy was first brought about in 1969 by Schaeffer and Pearson using a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser to vaporize carbon which reacted with hydrogen to produce acetylene. They also showed that laser-vaporized boron would react with HCl to create BCl3. In the 1970s, Koe... | Noble gas matrices | 0.806889 |
26,959 | In geometry, the Newton–Gauss line (or Gauss–Newton line) is the line joining the midpoints of the three diagonals of a complete quadrilateral. The midpoints of the two diagonals of a convex quadrilateral with at most two parallel sides are distinct and thus determine a line, the Newton line. If the sides of such a qua... | Newton–Gauss line | 0.806887 |
26,960 | It is a well-known theorem that the three midpoints of the diagonals of a complete quadrilateral are collinear. There are several proofs of the result based on areas or wedge products or, as the following proof, on Menelaus's theorem, due to Hillyer and published in 1920.Let the complete quadrilateral ABCA'B'C' be labe... | Newton–Gauss line | 0.806887 |
26,961 | The Newton–Gauss line proof was developed by the two mathematicians it is named after: Sir Isaac Newton and Carl Friedrich Gauss. The initial framework for this theorem is from the work of Newton, in his previous theorem on the Newton line, in which Newton showed that the center of a conic inscribed in a quadrilateral ... | Newton–Gauss line | 0.806887 |
26,962 | This is a list of notable people known for their research in biophysics. | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,963 | George Palade — Nobel Laureate in physiology or medicine for protein secretion and cell ultra-structure from electron microscopy studies Linus Pauling — co-discoverer (with Robert Corey) of the alpha helix and beta sheet structures in proteins Max Perutz — pioneer of protein crystallography Ernest C. Pollard — founder ... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,964 | Erich Sackmann — founder of the bottom-up approach to understanding of the cell mechanics and adhesion Bert Sakmann — development of the patch clamp and single-channel recording (along with Erwin Neher) Francis O. Schmitt (American, 1903–1995) Simon Shnoll — worked in the fields of chemical clocks, Chronobiology and As... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,965 | David Baker — Protein structure prediction; protein design; Rosetta software Adriaan (Ad) Bax (Dutch-born American, 1956–) — development of methodology for NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy Georg von Békésy (Hungarian, 1899–1972) — research on the human ear Boris Pavlovich Belousov — known for discovery of ... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,966 | Charles Cantor — Director, Center for Advanced Biotechnology, Boston University. Cantor is a molecular geneticist who developed pulse field electrophoresis for very large DNA molecules with David C. Schwartz in 1984, by adding an alternating voltage gradient to standard gel electrophoresis. Donald Caspar — theory of qu... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,967 | Taekjip Ha (South-Korean-born American, 1968–) — single-molecule biophysics Hermann von Helmholtz (Prussian-born German, 1821–1894) — first to measure the velocity of nerve impulses; studied hearing and vision Stefan Hell — developed the principle of STED microscopy Richard Henderson — scientist at the MRC Laboratory o... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,968 | Robert S. Langer — biotechnology, drug delivery, and tissue engineering; Wolf Prize in Chemistry; Priestley Medal Paul Lauterbur — development of magnetic resonance imaging Stephen D. Levene — DNA-protein Interactions, DNA looping, and DNA topology Michael Levitt — winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with Arie... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,969 | Martin Karplus (American, 1930–) — research on molecular dynamical simulations of biological macromolecules. Michael Kasha (American, 1920–2013) — founder of Institute of Molecular Biophysics at Florida State University Bernard Katz (British, 1911–2003) — discovered how synapses work Ephraim Katzir Walter Kauzmann — on... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,970 | King-Wai Yau (Chinese-born American, 1948–) — fundamental contributions to understanding the mechanisms of sensory transduction in rod, cone, and non-image visual systems and in olfaction Ada Yonath (Israeli, 1939–) — winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with Steitz and Ramakrishnan) for solving the crystal str... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,971 | Janet Thornton (British, 1949–) — Director of the European Bioinformatics Institute; early pioneer in structural and functional bioinformatics, including the development of ProCheck for structure validation and CATH for protein structure classification Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky — one of pioneers in radiation biology I... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,972 | George Radda — early developer of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ronald T. Raines (American, 1958–) — structure and function of enzymes and other proteins Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran — famous for the Ramachandran plot of protein backbone conformation Venkatraman (Venki) Ramakrishnan (Indian-born American and ... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,973 | Douglas Warrick — specializing in bird flight (hummingbirds and pigeons) Arieh Warshel (Israeli-born American, 1940–) — development of QM/MM approaches for a quantitative understanding of enzymatic reactions; introduction of molecular dynamics simulations in biology; introduction of consistent electrostatic calculation... | List of biophysicists | 0.806885 |
26,974 | Binocular stereo vision method requires two identical cameras with parallel optical axis to observe one same object, acquiring two images from different points of view. In terms of trigonometry relations, depth information can be calculated from disparity. Binocular stereo vision method is well developed and stably con... | Optical 3D measuring | 0.80688 |
26,975 | Loss of the geometry precision in areas with extreme curvature, i.e., corners, edges is one of the main issues encountered. Furthermore, pretreatment of information, by applying some kind of filtering technique, also affects the definition of the corners by softening them. There are several studies related to post-proc... | Optical 3D measuring | 0.80688 |
26,976 | For precise triangulation since we are using the whole point cloud set, the points on the surface with the error above the threshold will be explicitly represented on reconstructed geometry. Zero set Methods Reconstruction of the surface is performed using a distance function which assigns to each point in the space a ... | Optical 3D measuring | 0.80688 |
26,977 | Oriented projective geometry is an oriented version of real projective geometry. Whereas the real projective plane describes the set of all unoriented lines through the origin in R3, the oriented projective plane describes lines with a given orientation. There are applications in computer graphics and computer vision w... | Oriented projective geometry | 0.806877 |
26,978 | Early considerations of the geometry of hypervalent molecules returned familiar arrangements that were well explained by the VSEPR model for atomic bonding. Accordingly, AB5 and AB6 type molecules would possess a trigonal bi-pyramidal and octahedral geometry, respectively. However, in order to account for the observed ... | Expanded octet | 0.806875 |
26,979 | The prebiotic chemistry of life had to be reductive in order to obtain, e.g. Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from existing CO2 and N2 in the atmosphere. CO and HCN were precursor molecules of the essential biomolecules, proteins, lipids, nucleotides and sugars. However, atmospheric oxygen levels increas... | Evolution of metal ions in biological systems | 0.806875 |
26,980 | A complete description of hypervalent molecules arises from consideration of molecular orbital theory through quantum mechanical methods. An LCAO in, for example, sulfur hexafluoride, taking a basis set of the one sulfur 3s-orbital, the three sulfur 3p-orbitals, and six octahedral geometry symmetry-adapted linear combi... | Expanded octet | 0.806875 |
26,981 | The central chemistry of all these cells has to be reductive in order that the synthesis of the required chemicals, especially biopolymers, is possible. The different anaerobic, autocatalysed, reductive, metabolic pathways seen in the earliest known cells developed in separate energised vesicles, protocells, where they... | Evolution of metal ions in biological systems | 0.806875 |
26,982 | In proteins, it is found in a variety of sites and cofactors, including, for instance, haem groups, Fe–O–Fe sites, and iron–sulfur clusters. The prevalence of iron is apparently due to the large availability of Fe(II) in the initial evolution of living organisms, before the rise of photosynthesis and an increase in atm... | Evolution of metal ions in biological systems | 0.806875 |
26,983 | Iron (Fe) is the most abundant element in the Earth and the fourth most abundant element in the crust, approximately 5 percent by mass. Due to the abundance of iron and its role in biological systems, the transition and mineralogical stages of iron have played a key role in Earth surface systems. It played a larger rol... | Evolution of metal ions in biological systems | 0.806875 |
26,984 | The Society currently offers eleven Society Awards each year to distinguished biophysicists in different categories. The awards are: Anatrace Membrane Protein Award Avanti Award in Lipids Rosalba Kampman Distinguished Service Award Innovation Award Emily M. Gray Award Fellow of the Biophysical Society Award Founders Aw... | Biophysical Society | 0.806874 |
26,985 | The meeting features a talk by that year's Biophysical Society Lecturer, chosen for significance in biophysical research and excellence in presentation; the lectures are published in the Biophysical Journal, and those since 2003 are available on video. Starting in 2010 with "Calcium Signaling" in Beijing, the society n... | Biophysical Society | 0.806874 |
26,986 | Since 1960 the Biophysical Society has published the Biophysical Journal, which is currently semi-monthly, as a specialized journal in the field of biophysics. This was started because the Society perceived other scientific journals as unsympathetic to submissions by biophysicists. The society also publishes a monthly ... | Biophysical Society | 0.806874 |
26,987 | The Biophysical Society was founded in response to the growth of the field of biophysics after World War Two, as well as concerns that the American Physiological Society had become too large to serve the community of biophysicists. Discussions between prominent biophysicists in 1955 and 1956 led to the planning of the ... | Biophysical Society | 0.806874 |
26,988 | The society has a number of committees that help to implement its mission. The committees are: Awards, Early Careers, Education, Finance, Member Services, Membership, Committee for Inclusion and Diversity, Nominating, Professional Opportunities for Women, Program, Public Affairs, Publications, and Thematic Meetings.The... | Biophysical Society | 0.806874 |
26,989 | The Biophysical Society is an international scientific society whose purpose is to lead the development and dissemination of knowledge in biophysics. Founded in 1958, the Society currently consists of over 7,500 members in academia, government, and industry. Although the Society is based in the United States, it is an ... | Biophysical Society | 0.806874 |
26,990 | Nonverbal learning disability is characterized by normal verbal abilities but impaired visuospatial abilities. Problem areas for children with nonverbal learning disability are arithmetic, geometry, and science. Impairments in spatial memory are linked to nonverbal learning disorder and other learning difficulties.Arit... | Spatial memory | 0.806873 |
26,991 | In this identification, a point of the Euclidean space is identified with the tuple of its Cartesian coordinates. In mathematics, real is used as an adjective, meaning that the underlying field is the field of the real numbers (or the real field). For example, real matrix, real polynomial and real Lie algebra. The word... | Real numbers | 0.806871 |
26,992 | The set of all real numbers is denoted R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } (blackboard bold) or R (upright bold). As it is naturally endowed with the structure of a field, the expression field of real numbers is frequently used when its algebraic properties are under consideration. The sets of positive real numbers and nega... | Real numbers | 0.806871 |
26,993 | In the physical sciences, most physical constants such as the universal gravitational constant, and physical variables, such as position, mass, speed, and electric charge, are modeled using real numbers. In fact, the fundamental physical theories such as classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, general... | Real numbers | 0.806871 |
26,994 | In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a subset T {\displaystyle T} of a topological vector space X {\displaystyle X} is said to be a total subset of X {\displaystyle X} if the linear span of T {\displaystyle T} is a dense subset of X . {\displaystyle X.} This condition arises frequently in many theo... | Total subset | 0.80687 |
26,995 | IntraText is a digital library that offers an interface while meeting formal requirements. Texts are displayed in a hypertextual way, based on a Tablet PC interface. By linking words in the text, it provides Concordances, word lists, statistics and links to cited works. Most content is available under a Creative Common... | IntraText | 0.806869 |
26,996 | Version 5.3 included a new submodule feature for optionally loaded modules, new optimization tools, a JSON library, and other features. Version 5.3.1 introduced major improvements to DrRacket: the background syntax checker was turned on by default and a new documentation preview tool was added.In version 6.0, Racket re... | Racket (programming language) | 0.806869 |
26,997 | The editor provides highlighting for syntax and run-time errors, parenthesis matching, a debugger and an algebraic stepper. Its student-friendly features include support for multiple "language levels" (Beginning Student, Intermediate Student and so on). It also has integrated library support, and sophisticated analysis... | Racket (programming language) | 0.806869 |
26,998 | DrRacket (formerly DrScheme) is widely used among introductory computer science courses that teach Scheme or Racket and is lauded for its simplicity and appeal to beginner programmers. The IDE was originally built for use with the TeachScheme! project (now ProgramByDesign), an outreach effort by Northeastern University... | Racket (programming language) | 0.806869 |
26,999 | Field tests with these teachers and their students provided essential clues for directing the development. Over the following years, PLT added teaching languages, an algebraic stepper, a transparent read–eval–print loop, a constructor-based printer, and many other innovations to DrScheme, producing an application-quali... | Racket (programming language) | 0.806869 |
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